AIR FORCE ROTC ORIENTATION • In July 2001, RA 9163 was enacted into law
establishing the National Service Training
What is the legal mandate of ROTC?
 REPUBLIC ACT 7077 (AFP Reservist Act)
 REPUBLIC ACT 9163 (NSTP Law)
 NEW IRR OF NSTP LAW
 AFP REG G 310-021 s-85
What is ROTC?
Reserve Officers Training Corps
 Is a program daesigned to provide military
training to tertiary level students in order to
motivate, train, organize and mobilize them
for national defense preparedness. (Auth:
RA 9163)
Objectives
• To teach students the values of patriotism,
citizenship, leadership and service to the
community,
• Develop personal responsibility and a sense
of accomplishment while instilling in them
self-discipline, self-esteem, and teamwork.
• To prepare the students for responsible
leadership roles.
• To provide instruction and rewarding
opportunities that will benefit the student,
the community, and the nation.
Brief History of the ROTC Program?
• ROTC started in 1939 by virtue of E.O. 207
issued by President Manuel L. Quezon
making ROTC a compulsory course in all
colleges and universities.
• In 1944, It was discontinued at the onset of
World War II and was revived in 1950
pursuant to General Orders issued by the
Philippine Army.
• ROTC then has been part of the curriculum
for tertiary students but optional for women.
• In 1991, R.A. 7077 was enacted into law
affirming mandatory military training into
colleges and universities as well as the
establishment and maintenance of ROTC
Program.
• The coverage of the ROTC Program then was
male students enrolled in any baccalaureate
degree and became a requirement for
graduation.
• ROTC has a duration of 2 years or 4
semesters at 1.3 units per semester or a total
of 6 units for 2 years.
Program (NSTP), amending Sections 38 and
39 of RA 7077, making ROTC optional by
implementing 3 Program Components
namely: NSTP- ROTC, NSTP-CWTS, NSTP-
LTS.
• The Course was reduced from 2 years to 1
year or 2 semesters, but still a requisite for
Graduation, which covers not only the males
but also includes female students.
What’s in store For ROTC Student?
I. To develop and instill sense of patriotism,
leadership, moral virtues , self awareness and values
formation, respect for rights of civilians and
adherence to the constitution.
 Responsiveness to Disasters and Calamities
 Humanitarian Undertakings
- Blood Letting
- Pamaskong Handog
 Community Development & Environmental
Protection
- Campus Clean-up
- Operation Linis
- Coastal Clean-up
- Tree Planting
II. To l earn the rudiments of military service in order
to effectively response during disasters and
calamities.
 Drills and Ceremonies
 Familiarization Firing
 Land Navigation Trng
 Obstacle Course
 Basic of Jungle Survival
 Learn the Basic Life Support and Water
Survival
 Educational Tour
 Fire and Earthquake Drill
 Physical Fitness Awareness
 Alay-Lakad
 Enhance Knowledge in Public Information
 Radio Guesting
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS?
ROTC INCENTIVES FOR CADET OFFICER
 Combat Clothing and Individual
Equipment (CCIE)
Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) -1 set
General Office Uniform (GOU Blue) -1 set
Combat Boots - 1 pair
Belt and Buckle w/ Air Force seal - 1 set
 Scholarship Grant
CG, PAF Scholarship (P3,000.00) every Sem
CS, AFP Scholarship (P15,000.00) every Year
What comes next? ROTC Graduates -
 Enlistment in the reserve force
 Priority for enlistment in the regular force
 Option to be officers of RRU or SRU
 More opportunities for training/schooling
at gov’t expense
 Others
COURSE ORIENTATION
AUTH: Sec 85-38, NDA – All able bodied male/female
shall render personal/civil service in the defense of
the AFP.
 PRESIDENT GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO –
AFP COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF
 SEC NORBERTO GONZALES – SECRETARY OF
NATIONAL DEFENSE.
 GEN DELFIN BANGIT AFP – CHIEF OF STAFF,
AFP
 LT GEN OSCAR H RABENA AFP –
COMMANDING GENERAL, PHIL AIR FORCE
 BRIG GEN DANILO N FERRER AFP –
COMMANDER, AIR FORCE RESERVE
COMMAND
 LT COLONEL EDUARDO D MANLAPIG PAF –
COMMANDING OFFICER,
2ND AIR FORCE RESERVE CENTER
 2LT BERNARD RODERICK A JOAQUIN PAF –
COMMANDANT, 243RD DEPARTMENT OF
AIR SCIENCE AND TACTICS, COLEGIO DE
DAGUPAN
REPUBLIC ACT 9163( NSTP LAW)
- An act establishing the National Service Training
Program for Tertiary students amending Republic Act
7077 and Presidential Decree 1706 and for other
purposes.
3 COMPONENTS OF NSTP
1. CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE (CWTS)
2. MILITARY TRAINING SERVICE (MTS) OR
RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS (ROTC)
3. LITERACY TRAINING SERVICE (LTS)
AFPR G 310-021 DTD 25 AUGUST 1985
-Is a regulation that prescribe policies governing
ROTC establishment, organization, administration
and training.
REPUBLIC ACT 7077
- An act providing for the development,
administration, organization, training, maintenance
and utilization of the citizen armed forces of the AFP
and for other purpose.
ARMED FORCES OF THE PHIL. MISSION
-To defend the Republic of the Philippines, safeguard
its national territory and assists the government in
the socio- economic program.
PHILIPPINE AIR FORCE MISSION
-To conduct prompt and sustained air operation.
AIR FORCE RESERVE COMMAND MISSION
-To organize, train, equipt develop and administer
PAF Reserve Force as the base for the expansion in
the event of war, invasion, rebellion, disaster or
calamities.
6th AIR FORCE RESERVE CENTER MISSION
-To develop, train and utilize the Philippine Air Force
Citizen Armed Force.
DEPARTMENT OF AIR SCIENCE AND TACTICS
MISSION
-To train and develop high school and college
students in the rudiments of military service and
produce capable Philippine Air Force Reservist.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 BASIC ROTC COURSE
-The prescribed course of 1 year of Military
instruction in ROTC.
 ADVANCE ROTC COURSE
-The prescribed course of instruction of 2 years
after completing the basic course.
 MILITARY TRAINING INSTRUCTORS
-AFP Officers and enlisted personnel (regular or
reserve) or other persons with military
experience detailed/ appointed to the ROTC
department of an institution.
 BRANCH
-The arm of the service in which group or groups
of cadets in an institution are being structured.
 CADET
-Any male student duly enrolled in any of the
ROTC course of instruction.
 CADETTE
-Any female student duly enrolled in any of the
ROTC course of instruction.
 CADET OFFICER
-Any male student duly enrolled in any of the
ROTC courses of instruction who has finished the
Cadet Officer Qualification Course (COQC) or its
equivalent and has been appointed as cadet
commissioned officer by the commander, major
service/reserve command unit.
 CADETTE OFFICER
-Any female student duly enrolled in any of the
ROTC courses of instruction who has finished the
Cadet Officer Qualification Course (COQC) or its
equivalent and has been appointed as cadet
commissioned officer by the commander, major
service/reserve command unit.
 ROTC COMMANDANT
-The AFP officer detailed (Regular or Reserve) to
an institution and designated by proper military
authority as the head of the ROTC unit.
 DROP-OUT –
-Any student who, after having been enrolled as
an active cadet absent himself from ROTC
instruction for a cumulative period constituting
more than 20% of the allotted period of
instructions during the semester, or who
abandon the course during the semester.
 EVADER
-Any student duly registered in an institution but
failed to enrol with any of the 3 components of
National Service Training Program (NSTP), within
15 days after the close of the regular registration
period in the institution.
 ACTIVE
-The status of the students enrolled in any ROTC
course of instruction and qualified to become an
AFP reservist.
 DEFFERED
-The status of a student who has been granted
permission to postpone his enrolment in any of
the 3 components of the NSTP with valid reason.
 EXEMPTED
-The status of a student enrolled in any
institution where ROTC course conducted, but
who has attended a military course of instruction
such as Active military personnel, Ex-servicemen
of the AFP with at least 6 months active duty,
Enlisted reservist (BCMT Graduates) and Alien
students.
 INSTITUTION
-University, College, School or any similar
establishment of learning duly authorized by
the Government.
 DEPARTMENT
-A division or department of an institution which
conduct ROTC Instruction.
 ROTC UNIT (AIR FORCE, ARMY, NAVY)
-The term used for ROTC department duly
established and maintained in an institution to
include all the cadets/cadettes enrolled in the
ROTC course.
 ATTENDANCE
-A minimum attendance of 80% of the total
number of hour of ROTC training per semester or
13 training days shall be required to pass the
course. a cadet who successively accumulates
four absences shall be dropped, while a cadet
who will accumulates five (5) absences shall be
given a failing grade or failed.
GRADING SYSTEM
 Cadet shall be given a final grade for every
semester/trimester. Such grade to be
computed based on the following weights:
MAX MIN
ATTENDANCE - 30% - 24%
MILITARY APTITUDE - 30% - 24%
SUBJECT PROFICIENCY - 40% - 28%
 TOTAL 100% - 76% LIST OF DEMERITS

NOTE: BELOW MIN PERCENTAGE IS FAILED  CLASS A OFFENCE

 A Cadet, however must obtain a minimum of PUNISHABLE BY DISCHARGE:

28 points in subject proficiency and 24 points
Gross disrespect to superior officers, abuse of
in attendance and military aptitude in the
authority; destruction of school property. any cadet
above points distribution in order to pass the
semester’s work. officer or cadet who, in the case of former, abuses
his authority or manhandles his subordinates or who
COMPUTATION OF GRADE in both cases, assaults a superior officer under any
pretext whatsoever; who shall be found cheating
 ATTENDANCE
during graded examination shall be discharged with
NR OF HRS PRESENT ---------------- X 30% or without prejudice to enrollment in other rotc units
as the rotc commandant may direct.
TOTAL NR OF HRS PER SEM
 CLASS B OFFENCE
EX.
6 – 10 DEMERITS GRAVE MISDEMEANOUR: Any
13 TRAINING DAY X .30 cadet officer or cadet who shall be found talking to a
superior officer in begrudging and hostile manner,
15 TRAINING DAY = 26%
who disobey legal orders from his superiors; who
 MILITARY APTITUDE points his rifle at any persons; who shall be found
sleeping in the classroom; who shall report late in
(100 MERITS – TOTAL DEMERITS RECEIVED)
formation shall be awarded not less than 6 and not
X 30% more 10 than demerits as the rotc commandant may
direct.
100 MERITS
 CLASS C OFFENCE
EX.
4 – 5 DEMERITS – LESS GRAVE MISDEMEANOUR:
100 MERITS – 20 DEMERITS X .30
Any cadet officer or cadet who shall be found
100 MERITS = 24% slouching in ranks; walking in uniform without
headgear; who spit/smoke cigarette while in ranks;
 SUBJECT PROFICIENCY – Weighted grade of
wearing dirty uniform, when reporting to an officer
examination is computed as follows
with chewing gum in his mouth; carelessly aside his
WEIGHTED rifle shall be given awarded not less than 4 and not
more than 5 demerits as the rotc commandant may
NR OF CORRECT ITEM ------ X 40% TOTAL NR direct.
OF ITEMS
 CLASS D OFFENCE
EX.
1 – 3 DEMERITS – MINOR MISDEMEANOUR OR
45 CORRECT ITEMS ---------------- X .40 OMMISSIONS:

50 ITEMS= 36 Any cadet officer or cadet who shall be found

without namecloth/nameplate or patches
CLASSIFICATION OF CADETS
corresponding to his rank and uniforms; with
FIRST CLASS
unshined shoes; sporting long hair and mustache;
- third year advance course cadet
dirty face; standing on one leg while in formation;
SECOND CLASS falling in ranks; sitting while or ranks; leaning or
- second year advance course cadet sitting with his rifle shall be awarded 1 and not more
THIRD CLASS than 3 demerits as the rotc commandant may direct.
- first year basic ROTC course (COQC
graduates)
FOURTH CLASS
 OTHERSTRAINING SCHEDULE
- first year basic ROTC course (PLAIN CADET) 15 TRAINING DAY EVERY SATURDAY 0730H – 1200H

 ATTENDANCE
0800H 1ST ROLL CALL and ceremonies but also to master and perfectly
perform them on the grounds.
1130H LAST ROLL CALL
Henceforth there is a need for a manual that
15 MINUTES LATE – DEMERITS will serve as a standard and precise guidelines in
30 MINUTES LATE – MARKED ABSENT carrying them out throughout the AFP.

ESCAPED FROM CLASS – MARKED ABSENT The commands were derived from the English
words but are given in the Filipino language.
 EXAMINATION
Purposely, to provide from uniformity, simplicity,
PRELIM preciseness and to suit the Filipino commands in
terms of voice control, distinctiveness, inflections
MID-TERM
with right cadence.
FINALS
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 AUTHORIZED UNIFORM
 FLIGHT
MALE & FEMALE - At least two, but not more than four
elements.
WHITE T-SHIRT WITH ROTC LOGO

BLUE MAONG PANTS  ALIGNMENT

- a straight line upon which several elements
RUBBER SHOES are ferment, or the dressing for several
elements upon straight line. A unit is aligned
WEARING OF HAIR NET (FEMALE CADET)
when it is dressed.
 UNAUTHORIZED UNIFORM/ACCESSORIES
 DRESS
WEARING OF EARINGS (MALE CADET)
- Alignment of elements side by side or in line
COLORING OF HAIR maintaining proper interval.
 CADENCE
LONG HAIR FOR MALE - a uniform rhythm by which a movement is
executed or the number of steps or counts
DRILLS AND CEREMONIES per minutes of which a movement is
executed.
Presented By: TSg Carlo E Bal-ut PAF
Training NCO  COVER
Learning Objective - Individuals aligning themselves directly
behind the person to their immediate front
ACTION: To gain knowledge in Drills & Ceremonies
while maintaining proper distance
CONDITION: In a classroom environment, with
power point presentation and well-motivated
 ELEMENT
instructor and students.
-That is the smallest drill unit comprised of at
STANDARD: The student would be able to
least 3, but usually 8 to 12 individuals, one of
understand and properly apply the procedure of
whom is designated the element leader.
Drills & Ceremonies

 BASE
Drills and ceremonies is to uplift the soldier's
-the element on which a movement is
morale, develop a culture of teamwork and
regulated. For instance, in executing right
camaraderie, and project the stature of the armed
front into line the leading element is the
forces.
base.
Learning the exact way to conduct drills and
ceremonies is among the fundamentals of military  FRONT
training and indoctrination. -Is the space occupied by unit, measured
from flank to flank.
Needless to say, it is important for the
soldiers to not only familiarize themselves with drills  IN COLUMN
- Is the arrangement of units side by side with
guide element leaders to the head.
 ARM SWING
-the swinging of arms must be 6 inches in
front and 3 inches straight to the rear of the
trouser seams, fingers formed into a fist with
the thumb over the forefinger.
 PACE
- A step of 24 inches. This is the length of a full
step in quick time
 SLOW TIME
- The rate of marching at 60 steps per min.
 MARK TIME
- Marching in place at rate of 100 to 120
steps per minute.
 DOUBLE TIME
- cadence at a rate of 180 steps per minute.
 Rank
- A single line of persons placed side by side.
 Interval
- The space between individuals placed side
by side.
 DISTANCE
- space between individual when individual
are one behind the other.
 STEPS
- the distance measured from heel to heel
between the feet of a man walking. A steps
may be any prescribed number of inches.
 ECHELON
- one of a series of elements formed one
behind another.
 EYES RIGHT
- the direction of the face during the eyes right
should be 45 degrees to the right side.
 GUIDE- the man with whom the command or
element thereof regulates its march.
 TO REVOKE A COMMAND
- to cancel a command that has not been
carried out or to start a movement
improperly begun from halt, the command
MANUMBALIK or AS YOU WERE is given. On
this command, the movement of troops and
men resume its former position.
POSITION OF ATTENTION OF A SOLDIERS
WITHOUT ARMS
POSITION OF ATTENTION
1. Heels on the same line as close to each other as
possible.
2. Feet turned out equally, forming an angel of
approximately 45 degrees.
3. Knees straight w/out stiffness.
4. Hips level, body erect, shoulders clipped to the
back and square to the front stomach in.
5. Arms hanging naturally along the sides w/out
stiffness, back of the hands out, thumbs along the
seams of the trousers and the fingers held naturally.
6. Head erect and eyes straight to the front. Chin
drawn in so that the axis of the head and neck is
vertical.
7. Weight of the body rests equally on both legs.
8. Remain silent and do not move unless otherwise
directed.
VOICE CONTROL, PARTS AND TYPES OF COMMAND
VOICE CONTROL
1. Loudness – a command should be allowed
enough to be heard an understood by all receiving or
executing the command.
2. Volume – is best attain by good posture of
the body, ease, proper breathing, and correct timing
in giving the commands.
3. Diaphragm – used the diaphragm in giving
commands.
4. Distinctiveness – distinct command
should be given to ensure correct execution.
2 Parts of Command
Commands
Preparatory Command – states the movement to be
carried out and mentally prepares the soldier for its
execution. In the command “PASULONG, KAD” the
preparatory command is Pasulong
Command of Execution – tells when the movement
is to be carried out. In “PASULONG KAD” the
command of execution is Kad.
Combined Commands – the preparatory command
and the command of execution are combined. These
commands are given without inflection and at a
uniformly pitch and loudness comparable to that for
normal command of execution.
Supplementary Commands – are oral orders given
by the subordinate leader to reinforce the
complement of
commander order. It is normally given between
preparatory command and the command of
execution. (Adjutant)
Directives – are oral order given by the commander
that direct or cause a subordinate leader to take
action. It is given in a sentence form and are normally
prefixed by the terms. A subordinate leader upon
receiving a directive will resort to the normal two-
part command. (Adjutant)
Mass command – Mass command may be used to
develop confidence and promote enthusiasm. They
are definitely effective in developing a command
voice when instructing a leadership course. (Voice
Control for COQC)
Types of Commands
1.TA (Abbreviated SANDATA) manual of arms.
2. KAD (Abbreviated LAKAD) from rest to motion,
other commands given while in motion, the general
rule will apply.
3. TO (Abbreviated HINTO) from motion to rest.
4. RAP (Abbreviated HARAP) literal translation of
READY FRONT, facing
5. DA (Abbreviated HANDA) for attention.
6. NGA (Abbreviated PAHINGA)
“Tikas Pahinga” Parade Rest
MOVEMENTS WHILE AT HALT
POSITION AND STATIONARY MOVEMENTS
(Flight Composition)
a. Attention (Humanda)
b. Fall in (Humanay)
c. At close interval (Masinsing Pagitan)
d. At normal interval (Tun-ton Kanan)
e. Flight Inspection (Pabukang Hanay)
Salutes– Pagpugay Kamay/Tanghal (Two counts
execution.)
a. Hand salute (Pugay kamay, Na)
- Baba Kamay, Na
b. Rifle Salute (Tanghal, Ta)
- Baba, Ta
b. Eyes Right (Handa tingin sa Kanan, Na)
- Handa, Rap
Rest at Halt
(one count execution except fall-out)
1. Parade Rest (Tikas Pahinga)
2. At Ease (Paluwag)
3. Rest (Pahinga)
4. Fall out (Tiwalag) Facing – Harap Harapan
(Two count execution)
1. Right Face (Harap sa Kanan, Rap)
2. Left Face (Harap sa Kaliwa, Rap)
3. About Face (Harap sa Likod, Rap)
4. Left Halt Face (Harap hating Kaliwa, Rap)
5. Right Halt Face (Harap Hating Kanan, Rap)
6. Center Face (Harap Sa Gitna Rap)
STEPS AND MARCHING
1. Change Steps (Palit Hakbang, Kad)
- the command Palit hakbang, Kad is given as the
right foot strikes the marching surfaces. On the
command of execution Kad take one more steps with
left foot, then in one count place the right toe near
the heel of the left foot and step off again with the
left foot. Bring your arms in the side.
2. Marching in Place (Patakda, Kad)
- The command Patakda, Kad is given as
either foot strikes the marching surface. On
the command of execution Kad, take one more step,
bring the trailing foot along side the leading foot, and
begin to march in place.
3. Column Right/Left (Liko sa Kanan/
Kaliwa, Kad)
- The command Liko sa Kanan, Kad is given as the
right foot strike the ground. On the preparatory
command Liko shift the weight of the body to the left
leg without noticeable movement. On the command
Kad face 90 degrees to the right by pivoting on the
ball of the left foot. At the same time taking half
steps in the new direction with your foot, and do not
allow your arms to swing.

4. Right/Left Flank(Kanang/Kaliwang
Panig,Kad)

- the command Kanang Panig, Kad is given as the

right foot strike the ground, advance and plant your
left foot then face to the right in marching and step
off in the new direction on your right foot.

5. Eyes Right/Left while marching

Two counts execution)

-The command Handa tingin sa Kanan, Na is given as

the right foot strike the deck. On the command of
execution Na count one step to the front with your
left foot, the smartly turn your head and eyes 45
degrees to the right (except the element leaders and
the guide). The shoulder remain square to the front.
The command to terminate this movement is Handa
Rap.

6. Staff Behind Me (Kalipunan

Sumalikod Ko, Kad)

- To make a staff move to the rear of the commander,

the command is Kalipunan Sumalikod Ko, Kad. The
movement is executed in 8 counts for 2 men staff, 10
counts for 3 men staff, 12 counts for 4 men staff. At
the command Kad all members of the staff execute
right face, then the first man faces left and marches
in four steps, column left and halts on the prescribed
last count.

TYPES OF FORMATION

INTERIOR GUARD DUTY
DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. OFFICER OF THE DAY
 Acting directly under the commanding
officer.
 Responsible on a given day for the execution
of all orders of the commanding officer
relating to interior guard duty and other
duties as may be assigned.
2.COMMANDER OF THE GUARD
 Responsible for the instruction,
discipline, and performance of duty
of the guards.
 Member of the guard next junior to
the Officer of the Day.
3. SERGEANT OF THE GUARD
 Non-commissioned officer of the
guard.
 Supervises the enlisted members of
the guard.
 Responsible to the Commander of
the Guard for the execution of all
orders related to guard duty.
4. GUARDHOUSE
 A building occupied by men detailed
for interior guard duty.
 It is a guard tent or any other
designated location for the
headquarters of the guard.
5. CHALLENGE
 Used to cause an unidentified party
or person to halt and to be
identified.
 If secret challenge is used, it follows
the original challenge and consists of
a word or distinctive sound.
The command “HALT. WHO IS THERE?”
6. PASSWORD
A word or distinctive sound used to answer a
challenge, identifies the person or party desiring to
enter or pass and is always secret.
7. COUNTERSIGN
 Consists of a secret challenge and a
password.
 Words comprising the countersign
are issued from the principal
headquarters of a command to aid
guards and sentinels in their scrutiny
of person who apply to pass the
lines.
8. CONFINEMENT OFFICER
A military police officer assigned to a
stockade and charge with the security,
administration, care, and custody of all prisons
confined in the local stockade or hospital prisoner
ward
9. RELIEF
The procedure whereby members of the post is
relieved and members is posted in his place.
10. RELIEVED
To direct any members of the guard to cease
performance of duty.
11.WATCH
A period of time during which member of the guard
performed the prescribed duties beginning where he
is posted and terminated his duties.
12.STOCKADE
A confinement facility under the jurisdiction of an
instillation commander used for the confinement of
military persons.
PROCEDURES FOR CHALLENGING AND REPLYING A
PASSWORD
2. CHALLENGING ONE PERSON
AIR FORCE SENTRY
a. To a person about to enter his post:
“HALT WHO GOES THERE”
b. Sentry orders the person forward
“ADVANCE, Cdt Damasco TO BE RECOGNIZED”
c. When a person close enough to be identified. The
Sentry commands:
“HALT” (He does not recognized Cdt Damasco)
d. The Sentry has identified the person, he will
permit him to proceed. “PASS SIR”
PERSON CHALLENGED
a. On halt immediately and answers:
Cdt Damasco, THE Personnel, S-1”
b. The person will advance without replying.
c. Person will halt and wait for further instruction.
d. The person challenged will give the reply in
low voice.
e. Person will proceed when told to proceed.
CHALLENGING A GROUP
a. To a group of person about to enter his post:
GUARD: “HALT, WHO GOES THERE”
LT MORE: “LT MORE AND MTI’S request permission
to enter / pass”.
b. Guard will order the most Senior to advance
forward:
“ADVANCE LT MORE TO BE RECOGNIZED”
c. When LT MORE is close enough to be
identified, guard will command:
“ADVANCE THE PATROL TO BE RECOGNIZED”
d. Once recognized, the group will be allowed to
enter or pass.
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Commanding Officer – CO
- Provides sentinel for security.
- Prescribes regulations and special orders of the
guard.
- Receives the report of the Officer of the Day
- Supervises and inspects stockade prisoners.
2. Officer of the Day – OD
- Responsible for the performance of the Guard.
- Protects life and properties in case of alarm.
- Provides signature of the Guard report.
- Responsible for the guard.
- Responsible for the instruction, performance, and
discipline of the guard.
- Prepares the daily report.
- Responsible for the lowering and raising of the
National Flag.
- Forms the reserve guard in case of alarm.
3. Sergeant of the Guard – SOG
- Supervises the Non-Commissioned Officer of the
Guard.
- Responsible for the posting of relief at proper time.
- Responsible for the cleanliness of the Guard house
and its surroundings.
- Forms the guard in case of emergency.
4. Corporal of the guard – COG
-Assigns members of the guard to their post.
-Reports to the sergeant of the guard all violations of
orders and unusual incidents.
-Posts himself at the guard house.
-Awakens the next relief on time of relieving.
-Examine persons halted or determined by sentinels.
6. Sentinels
- Memorize, understand, and complied with the 11
General Orders, Special Orders General Orders
ELEVEN (11) GENERAL ORDERS
1. To take charge of this post and all government
property in view.
2. To walk my post in a military manner keeping
always on the alert and observing everything that
takes place within sight or hearing.
3. To report all violations of orders I am instructed to
enforce.
4. To repeat all calls from post more distant from the
guardhouse than my own.
5. To quit my post only when properly relieved.
6. To receive, obey and pass to the sentinel who
relieves me all orders by the Commanding Officer,
Officer of the Day and Non-commissioned officer of
the guard only.
7. To talk to no one except in the line of duty.
8. To give the alarm in case of fire or disorder.
9. To call the Corporal of the Guard in any case not
covered by instruction.
10. To salute all officers, colors and standard not
cased.
11.To be specially watchful at night and during the
time of challenging, to challenge all persons on or
near my post and to allow no one to pass without
proper authority.
SPECIAL ORDERS
orders promulgated by the commanding
officers which prescribe the special duties for the
main and special guards.
MILITARY HYGIENE & SANITATION
AW2C Galang
Mental Attitude
“How can I help my team accomplish its mission.”
 Fear is a basic human emotion.
 Avoid letting your imagination run wild.
 Worry undermines the body, dulls the mind
and slows down thinking and learning.
 You may be required in any part of the world
and in all types of terrain.
Physical Efficiency and Resistance to Decease
 An athlete knows from experience that he
must keep his body in good shape.
 Your body process are sluggish and your
reactions slower when your are tired.
 When you have the opportunity to rest,
make yourself as comfortable as possible.
 Maintain peak efficiency by preserving good-
eating habits.
Body Care Under Varied Climatic Conditions
Trench foot and Immersion Foot.
a. Cold or wet weather, improper care of your feet
may result in a condition known as trench foot.
When condition is mild the feet are pale and look
shriveled; later they lose all feeling.
b. To guard trench foot and immersion foot, follow
the simple rules listed below
 Exercise your feet
 Keep your feet as clean as possible
 Keep your feet as dry as possible
 Put on clean, dry socks as often as possible
 Do not wear tight boots or tight socks.
 Remove your boots and massage your feet
c.It is especially important to exercise the feet to
maintain circulation.
d. Do not allow circulation by putting on extra socks
by wearing tight boots. If your boots feel tight,
loosen the laces. Wear loose clothing around the
knees and calves of your legs.
HEAT CRAMPS
Heat cramps occur when you have been sweating a
great deal and have not taken extra amount of salt.
HEAT EXHAUSTION
Excessive loss water and salt cause heat exhaustion
from the body. This condition results from heavy
sweating.
HEATSTROKE
Very high body temperature and unconsciousness
characterize heatstroke, a very serious condition
with a high death rate.
BODY CLEANLINESS
Perform and maintain field hygiene and sanitation
1.Promote good personal hygiene
a). Arrange for facilities such as hand washing and
showering devices, hot water for shaving, and
heated dressing area
b). Assist in inspecting soldiers to ensure adequate
personal hygiene measures
c). Protect water sources by good sanitary practices
d). Identify water sources
f). Treat water source
Filter to remove remaining turbidity
1V). Consider addition of chlorine
NOTE:
The Calcium hypochlorite is added to the
water in amount necessary, with a chlorine demand,
to destroy organisms.
The sudden disappearance of all chlorine probably
indicates recontamination.
3). Verify food service sanitation
A. Identify factor causing foodborne disease
I). Improper refrigeration
II). Not maintaining hot foods at product
temperature
III). Not protecting foods from cross-contamination
IV). Improper transportation and storage practices
V). Not protecting foods from contamination
B. Store foods
I). Upon receipt, inspect food
II). Identify if foods need refrigeration or heating
III). Transport any potentially hazardous foods in
insulated food containers
 b. It has been determined that no
emergency actually existed.
 c. There is no longer hope for rescue.
FIVE (5) OPERATING STAGES OF SAR SYSTEM
The SAR System operates in five (5) stages, which
compromise the whole range of SAR procedures
from notification to the termination of SAR
operation. These are :

C. Consider personal hygiene when handling food SEARCH AND RESCUE STAGES

D. Clean and sanitize utensils  AWARENESS STAGE

E. Wash, rinse, and properly store utensils - Awareness that an emergency situation
may exist.
F. Follow food preparation guidelines - Includes the receiving of emergency
I). Potentially hazardous foods should be prepared information by any person or agency.
immediately before serving
II). Plan meals to reduce amount of leftovers  INITIAL ACTION
III). Thoroughly wash and rinse fruits and vegetables - Evaluation and Classification of
information.
NOTE: Fruits and vegetables grown in areas - Alerting SAR facilities.
where human excreta are used as fertilizer must not
 PLANNING STAGE
be consumed raw except with the approval of
medical authority. - Determining most probable position of the
emergency.
G. Inspect food service facilities - Size of search area.
I). Identify basic defects - Optimum search plan.
II). Recommend corrective measures - Attainable rescue plan.
- Selection of safe delivery point of
survivors.
SEARCH & RESCUE SYSTEM - Selection of suitable medical facilities for
SEARCH AND RESCUE injured or ailing survivors.

- The employment of available personnel and  OPERATION STAGE

facilities in rendering aid to persons and
property in distress. It comprises the search
for and provision of aid to persons who are
or feared to be in need of assistance, and the
search for and protection of property
involved.
SAR SYSTEM
- SAR Facilities proceed to the scene
- Conduct search
- Rescue survivors
- Assist distressed craft
- Provide emergency care for survivors
- Deliver injured to a suitable medical
facilities

The SAR System consist of five (5) stages
supported by five (5) components that are necessary
to render SAR services.
From an operational point of view the SAR
system is activated when information is received that
an emergency exist.
On the other hand, the system is deactivated when:
 a. The survivor or endangered craft is
delivered to a position of safety.
 MISSION CONCLUSION STAGE
- Movement of SAR facilities from the safe
delivery point to their regular location.
- Documentation.
COMPONENTS OF SAR SYSTEM
The SAR system is composed of five (5) interrelated
functional components namely
 ORGANIZATION – which provides for:
 - Geographically defined areas of SAR
coordination responsibility.
- Centralized control and coordination
Capability.
- Effective use of all available facilities for
all types of SAR mission SAR coordinators,
RCC’s, RSC’s, SMC’s and OSC’s
The distress phase is assigned anytime
immediate assistance is required by an craft or
person because of being threatened and imminent
danger, or because of continuous lack of information
concerning progress or position.
ASSIGNING EMERGENCY CLASSIFICATION

An incident may be classified in one of the

 FACILITIES
emergency phase by:
Provides the personnel equipments and
- A SAR facility initiating a SAR action.
facilities necessary to perform the stages of the SAR
system. Includes all types of aircraft, watercraft and - A Rescue coordinating center.
land vehicles, including the personnel to man them. - The pilot of an aircraft or the master
operator of a surface craft.
 COMMUNICATIONS - An aeronautical facility providing air traffic.

Provides all communications media through which

early detection, alerting, control, support and
coordination are maintained throughout the SAR
system

EMERGENCY CARE

Provides injured survivors with all the

necessary emergency treatment within capabilities.
Includes emergency first aid skills applied to the
injured at the distress scene and life support and
route to an emergency receiving hospital.

 DOCUMENTATION
THEORY OF FLIGHT
Provides for the collection and analysis of
information pertaining to SAR mission. It includes all AIRCRAFT
data received from the awareness stage the end the
- Any object that is used to transport persons
mission conclusion stage.
or things through air.
PHASES OF EMERGENCIES
Types of Aircraft
There are three (3) phases of emergency established
LIGHTER-THAN-AIR
for classifying incidents and determining the actions
to be taken for each particular incident. - A/C which are supported in the air by
aerostatic buoyant forces such as hot air
 UNCERTAINTY PHASE (UNCERFA)
balloon and airships
The uncertainty phase is assigned
- This general type of aircraft derives its power
anytime doubt exist as to the safety of a person or
and lift forces through th use of hot air or
craft because of knowledge of possible difficulties.
other form of gases.
 ALERT PHASE (ALERFA)
HEAVIER-THAN-AIR
The alert phase is assigned anytime
- A/C supported in the air by than
apprehension exist as for the safety of a person or a
aerodynamic forces such as airplane, glider
craft because of definite information that serious
and helicopter
difficulty exist which does not amount to distress, or
because of a continued lack of information AIRCRAFT CATEGORY
concerning progress or position.
FIXED WING
 DISTRESS PHASE (DISTRESFA)
ROTARY WING
BASIC AIRCRAFT COMPONENT

Lift – an upward force acting on a wing

Thrust – the forward force created by the power

plant

Drag – opposing force created by the air friction

Weight – the total mass of the aircraft and

gravitational force.

n WINGS - main lifting component of an

airplane

n FUSELAGE - main body of an airplane

n COCKPIT - portion of the airplane occupied

by the pilot

n POWERPLANT - main source of propulsion

THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
n EMPANAGE - tail section
NATIONAL SECURITY

The ability to preserve the nation’s physical integrity

ELEMENTARY AERODYNAMICS and territory, to maintain its economic relations with
the rest of the world on reasonable terms, to protect
its nature, institutions, and governance from
disruption from outside, and to control its borders.

Is a state or condition wherein the people’s way of

life and institutions their territorial integrity and
sovereignty, their welfare and well being are
protected and enhance

ELEMENTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY

TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY
ECOLOGICAL BALANCE
SOCIO-POLITICAL
ECONOMIC SOLIDARITY
CULTURAL COHESIVENESS
MORAL- SPIRITUAL CONSENSUS
THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY • Ambuscades
• Abduction
INTERNAL THREATS • Liquidation
• Destruction of Property
Traditional
• Agaw Armas Opns
Non-Traditional
EXTERNAL SECURITY CONCERNS
Manpower Build-up efforts
Regional
International Massive Recruitment and Training

Exploitation of Issues
INTERNAL THREATS
Mass Actions
Communist Terrorist Movement (CTM)
SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES SECESSIONIST GROUP
Southern Philippines Secessionist Groups
(SPSG)
(SPSG)
Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) MORO ISLAMIC LIBERATION FRONT (MILF)
Misuari Breakaway Group (MBG) ABU SAYYAF GROUP (ASG)
Jemaah Islamiya (JI) MISUARY BREAKAWAY GROUP (MBG)

CTM Background and Status MORO ISLAMIC LIBERATION FRONT (MILF)

Objective: To seize political power Pursues tactical offensive while talking

peace with the government
Status of Organization: Divided into factions

- Reaffirmist (RA) – Mainstream faction Financial scheme

- Rejectionist (RJ) – Breakaway groups ZACAT or tax collection
Highway robbery
-Partido ng Manggagawang Piipino (PMP) Kidnapping (KFRG)
-Partido Marxista-Leninista ng
Pilipinas/ABB (PMLP/ABB) ARMS PROCUREMENT DRIVE
-Marxist-Leninist Party of the Philippines/ Local sources
-Rebulusyonaryong Hukbo ng Bayan
Foreign sources
(MLPP/RHB)
-Rebulusyonaryong Partido ng
Manpower Build-up Efforts
Manggagawa- Mindanao/ Revolutionary
Continuous recruitment and training
Proletariat Army (RPM-M/RPA)
Training with foreigners
Communist Terrorist Movement

SWORD-and-SHIELD concept EFFORTS TO WIDEN INFLUENCED AREAS

EXPANSION OF INFLUENCE To establish new camps

Attack military installations in
CTM Activities Zamboanga del Sur, Basilan, Lanao
del Sur and Norte, North Cotabato
FUND GENERATING SCHEMES
and Maguindanao
• Extortion
• Collection of party contribution PLANS AND PROGRAMS
• Socio-Economic works/projects
• Imposition of permit-to-campaign fees Continuous recruitment and training
of MILF regulars
Procurement of more weapons and
TACTICAL OFFENSIVES ammunition.
• Attacks on police and military units
 Islamization efforts by creating and
establishing linkage with madrasah
or madris.
Supporting the establishment of
Da’wah Centers in Mindanao and
Luzon.
1. To take charge of this post and all
government property in view.
2. To walk my post in a military manner,
keeping always on the alert and observing
everything that takes place within sight or
hearing.

3. To report all violation of orders I am

ABU SAYYAF GROUP (ABG) instructed to enforce.

INITIAL OBJECTIVE: 4. To repeat all calls from posts more distant

from the guard house than my own.
“ To establish an independent theocratic Islamic
state in Mindanao.” 5. To quit my post only when properly
relieved.
RECENT AND CURRENT ACTIVITIES
6. To received, obey, and pass on the sentinel
who relieves me all orders from the
Kidnapping
commanding officer, office of the day, and
Fund Generation officer and non-commissioned officers of
Terrorism the guard only.
Receipt of Foreign Support 7. To talk to one except in the line of duty.
Tactical Alliance with MNLF, MILF and MBG
8. To give the alarm in case of fire or disorder.
INTENSIFIED MILITARY CRACKDOWN 9. To call the commander of the guard in any
case not covered by instructions.
Forced ASG bandits to break into small
groups 10. To salute all officers, and all colors and
standard snot cased.
Sought refuge to other areas in Mindanao
and Sabah 11. To be especially watchful at night, and
during the time for challenging, to challenge
all personal on or near my post, and to
ASG PLANS allow no one.

Ambuscades
Kidnappings
Bombings

MISUARI BREAKAWAY GROUP (MBG)

Established in 2001
Currently inactive
Possible small-scale operation
Preoccupied of drawing up support and
sympathy for detained leader MISUARI
Manpower build-up in Basilan, Sulu,
Zamboanga, Sarangani.
Established tactical alliance with ASG.

REUNIFICATION OF ALL MNLF FACTIONS

Brokered by the Government of Libya, a

member of the OIC, on 23 Jan

11 GENERAL ORDERS