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10 Raft PDF
10 Raft PDF
DESIGN OF
MAT or RAFT FOUNDATION
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Raft rests directly on the soil or beneath them but in
some cases they may be supported by piles.
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Flat slab
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Uses of Raft Foundations
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Df
B B
Fig. 1 Width and Depth of isolated footings and Raft
fo ndation for str ct res ha ing basements
foundation for structures having basements
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Compensated Foundation
q (Q/A) γD f q na
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0 (Q/A) γD f
D f Q / Aγ
For partial compensation,
compensation
D f Q / Aγ
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1 C
1. Conventional (Rigid) Method.
ti l (Ri id) M th d
2. Simplified Elastic (Flat Slab) Method.
3. Finite Element Method.
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2. Calculate eccentricity
Ptot = P1 + P2 + P3 + ... + Pn
Location of resultant X X’ & YY’.
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Example 1
Design a raft foundation by the conventional (rigid) method to
support the columns shown in Figure. All columns are 40 x 40
cm. The net allowable soil pressure is 5 t/m2.
Given fcu= 25 N/mm2, fy= 360 N/mm2. Design by USD method.
All loads
are in tons.
All
dimensions
are in
meters.
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The soil pressure is computed at selected points beneath
the raft by the following Equation:
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+ = compression
+ compression
‐ = tension
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In the long direction the the raft will be divided into 3
equivalent beams (strips) as following :
AB with a width B = 3.4 m and soil pressure of q = 4.91
t/m2 (using the maximum soil pressure along the strip).
EF with a width B =6 m and soil pressure of
q = 0.5 (4.91 + 4.21) = 4.56 t/m2
DC with a width B = 3.4 m and soil pressure of
p
q = 0.5 (3.51+ 4.21) = 3.86 t/m2
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Bending moment will be computed using coefficient of 1/10
(0.1). The positive moment (hogging upward) and negative
moment (sagging downward) are will be taken as equal.
For strip AB :
Max. moment Mmax = 0.1(4.91x7.22) = 25.5 m.t /m
For strip EF :
Mmax = 0.1(4.56x7.22) = 23.6 m.t /m
For strip DC :
Mmax = 0.1(3.85x7.22) = 19.8 m.t /m
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Depth
Punching shear:
The maximum punching shear will occur at one of 165 t side
columns.
bo = 4 (0.4 + 0.5) = 3.6 m
Qup = 165 – 4.85(0.4+0.5)2 = 161 ton
qup = 1610 / [3.6x 0.5] = 894 kN/m2 = 0.9 N/mm2
< qcup = 1.29 N/mm2 OK
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Reinforcement:
From (C1 – j) chart, ………… get j = 0.807
Mu 25.5 x107
As 1755 mm2 17.6 cm2
j d f y 0.807 x 500 x 360
Asmin = 0.15% Bd
= 0.15/100 x 100 x 50 = 7.5 cm2
Use 9 φ 16 mm,
As = 9 x 2.0 = 18 cm2 / m
علوى وسفلىAB يوزع ھذا الحديد على الشريحة
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