Adverb by Sharma ji classes 7417019035, 9870620015

ADVERB
Introduction - An Adverb is a word which modifies Action verb, Adjective, Adverb.

For e.g. – 1. Ravi runs fast. (Action verb)

2. Sonam is very intelligent. (Adjective)

3. Akanksha runs very fast. (Adverb)

Adverb may be divided into following classes –

 Adverbs of Manner- fast, hard, well, quickly, bravely, etc.

 Adverbs of Place- there, here, by, down, near, up, etc.
 Adverbs of Time- yesterday, today, still, now, soon, etc.
 Adverbs of Reason- therefore, hence, etc.
 Adverbs of Degree or Quantity- very, too, quite, rather, etc.
 Adverbs of Frequency- never, always, often, twice, etc.
 Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation(sentence)- certainly, surely,
luckily, definitely etc.
 Adverbs of Relative- when, where, who, etc.
 Adverbs of Interrogative- when, where, why, etc

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Normally to make adverb adds (+ly) in adjective. Same as to make

adjective adds (+ly) in noun.

NOUN + ly = Adjective Adjective + ly = Adverb

Friend + ly = Friendly nice + ly = Nicely

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Mother + ly = Motherly Intelligent + ly = Intelligently

NOTE- An adjective formed by adding –ly is not changed to adverb by

adding –ly to it.

Some words ( fast, only, back, hard, soon, straight, well, etc.) have
same form as adverb and as adjective.

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NOTE- Don’t use Adverb instead of Adjective. Same as Don’t use

Adjective instead of Adverb.

Akanksha invited Sonam politely. (correct)

Invite- Action verb. Politely – Adverb.

If you wish to accomplish a big dream you must work hardly.(incorrect)

Use hard instead of hardly.

Hardly – adverb. Hard – adjective.

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Position of adverbs
It is very important to use adverb at proper position. Wrong use of
adverbs may change the meaning of the sentences.

E.g.- 1. Only he can read.

2. He can only read.

The meaning of the first sentence is that only he can readand

nobody else.

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The meaning of the second sentence is that he cannot do any other

work expect reading.

Rule no.1 – Generally Adverb of Manner is used after the verb but
if an object of the verb is also used then it is used after that object.

E.g.- 1. He drives recklessly. (correct)

2. He recklessly drives. (incorrect)

3. He reads his book carefully. (correct)

4. He carefully reads his book carefully. (incorrect)

5. He reads carefully his book. (incorrect)

Rule no. 2 - Adverbs or Adverb Phrases of Time are also used after
the Verb or the Object of the Verb.

E., g.- 1. He will come soon. (Correct)

He will soon come. (Incorrect)

2. I go home next home. (Correct)

I next week go home. (Incorrect)

Rule 3: Adverbs or Adverb Phrases of Place are also used after the
Verb or the Object of the Verb.

E. g.- 1. There were flowers everywhere. (Correct)

There were everywhere flowers (Incorrect)

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Rule 4: If two or more Adverbs are used after the Verb or the
Object, then their order will be:

Adverb of Manner, Adverb of Place and Adverb of Time

E. g. 1. Yesterday she spoke impressively at the function. (Incorrect)

She spoke impressively at the function yesterday. (Correct)

2. By this evening you should reach home. (Incorrect)

You should reach home by this evening. (Correct)

Rule 5: Adverbs of Frequency (e. g., always, rare, often, rarely,

usually, generally) and some other

Adverbs (e.g., almost, already, hardly, just, nearly, quite) are used
in between the Subject and

the Verb if Verb is of a Single Word.

E. g. 1. I go there usually. (Incorrect)

2. I usually go there. (Correct)

But if the Verb is of more than one word, then they are used after
the First Word of the Verb.

E. g.- 1.He already has finished his work. (Incorrect)

He has already finished his work. (Correct)

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Points to remember
 The adverb that describes time, place or mehod usually comes
after verb. If the object has come after the verb then it(adverb)
will come after the object not before.
For e.g. - He enchanted the entire audience as he nicely talked to it.(nicely at last)

 The adverb describing barmbarta is kept between the subject

and the verb, if the verb is auxiliary verb then it(adverb) will
come between auxiliary verb and main verb.

For e.g.- Such a big personality had been never invited to the
ceremony. (had never been)

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S + HV MV manner/place/ time (MPT)

I played sincerely / here / yesterday.
S + HV MV + O manner/place/time (MPT)
I was playing cricket sincerely/here/yesterday.
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squint modifier
If an adverb modifies two verbs at a time , it is called squint modifier.

Running quickly makes me breathless.

Running quickly or quickly makes

I decided suddenly to beat Akanksha.

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Decided suddenly or suddenly to beat

Only Adverbs of Manner/Place/Time form Squint Modifier.

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Split Infinitive
Infinitive to + v1 (correct)
Split infinitive to + adverb + v1 ( incorrect)
1. I decided to suddenly beat Ravi. (incorrect)
2. I decided to there beat Ravi. (incorrect)
3. I decided to not beat Ravi. (incorrect)
4. I decided to yesterday beat Ravi. (incorrect)
5. I decided to never beat Ravi. (incorrect)

Rule 6: Adverb modifying adjective or another adverb

If an Adverb modifies an adjective or another adverb, then that Adverb
is used before the
adjective or another adverb.
e.g. 1. His lecture is very informative.
2. He is wonderfully intelligent.
Rule 7: Use of Adverb ’Enough’
Adverb ‘Enough’ is always used after that word to which it modifies.
e.g. 1. He was enough kind to help me. (Incorrect)
He was kind enough to help me. (Correct)
2. This house is enough large for our purpose. (Incorrect)
This house is large enough for our purpose. (Correct)

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Rule 8: Adverb Qualifying Complete Sentence

If an Adverb qualifies the whole sentence or is used to emphasize the
complete sentence, then
Adverb is used in the beginning of the sentence.
E. g.- 1. No one was luckily killed in the accident. (Incorrect)
Luckily no one was killed in the accident. (Correct)
2. A very serious accident occurred unfortunately (Incorrect)
Unfortunately a very serious accident occurred. (Correct)
Rule 9: Use of Double Negatives
Double Negative should not be used because it has no meaning.
E.g.- 1. I cannot walk no further now. (Incorrect)
I cannot walk any further now. (Correct)
2. I forbade you not to go there. (Incorrect)
I forbade you to go there. (Correct)
Rule 10: Split Infinitive Error
No adverb should be used in between ‘to’ and the ‘verb’ of the
Infinitive’.
E. g.- 1. He instructed me to immediately call the doctor. (Incorrect)
He instructed me to call the doctor immediately. (Correct)
Rule 11: Adverbs of Past Time
Those Adverbs of Time which denote past time should not be used in
Present Perfect Tense.
E. g. 1. I have joined my duties last month. (Incorrect)
I joined my duties last month. (Correct)
Rule 12: Adverb and Preposition
Generally no preposition is used before an Adverb.
Hence no preposition should be used before respectfully, politely,
humbly, kindly etc.
E.g.- 1. With respectfully I beg to submit (Incorrect)
Respectfully I beg to submit (Correct)

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Some Typical Adverbs

(1) Too

Too = More than enough

‘Too’ has negative sense or undesirability; so ‘too’ should not be used

in place of ‘very’ or

‘much’.

E. g.- 1. I am too happy to hear of your success. (Incorrect)

The house is too small for us. (Correct)

(2) Too + Infinitive

In this type of sentences, ‘too’ is used in negative sense and not in the
positive one.

E.g.- 1. He is too poor to buy a car. (Correct)

He is too rich to buy a car.

2. The enemy is too strong to be overcome easily. (Correct)

(3) Very and Much

Very = Used with Present Participle

Much = Used with Past Participle or Verb

E. g.- 1. The game was very exciting.

2. I was much shocked to hear the news.

Note: But ‘very’ is used before some Past Participle.

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(4) Very and Much

Very is used before Positive Degree Adjective or Adverb

Much is used before Comparative Degree Adjective or Adverb

E.g.- 1. Mohan is very intelligent.

2. Rohan’s house is nuch bigger than Sohan’s.

(5) Much and Very Much

Very much can be used with the Verb in Affirmative sentences, but in
Negative sentences ‘very much’ is not used; only ‘much’ is used.

E.g.- 1. I love him very much. (correct)

2. I don’t love him very much. (Incorrect)

(6) Else ……….. but

Else should be followed by ‘but’ not ‘than’.

E. g.- 1. None else than the Chief Minister will inaugurate the Seminar
(Incorrect)

None else but the Chief Minister will inaugurate the Seminar
(Correct)

2. It is nothing else but arrogance.

(7) Seldom or never / Seldom if ever

In the sentence ‘seldom or never’ / ‘seldom if ever’ should be used.

E. g.- 1. He seldom or never misbehaves with anybody.

He seldom if ever drinks.

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(8) Before and Ago

Both before and ago are Adverbs of Time

Before can be used in Simple Past Tense or Present Perfect Tense.

Ago can’t be used in Present Perfect Tense, it is always used in Simple

Past Tense.

E.g.- 1. I have seen Udaipur before also.

2. I have completed my work an hour ago. (Incorrect)

I completed my work an hour ago. (Correct)

(9) Yet and Already

Already = Used with Affirmative sentences

Yet = Used with Negative or Interrogative Sentences

E. g.- 1. I have already completed my work.

2. I have not yet completed my work.

(10) Just and Just now

Just = A moment ago; generally used with Present Perfect Tense

Just now = A short time ago, used with Simple Past Tense

E. g.- 1. He just finished his speech. (Incorrect)

He has just finished his speech. (Correct)

2. They left home just. (Incorrect)

They left home just now. (Correct)

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(11) Fairly and Rather

Fairly and rather both are Adverbs of Quantity

Fairly has the sense of liking while Rather has the sense of dislike.

E. g.- 1. The weather is rather pleasant. (Incorrect)

The weather is fairly pleasant. (Correct)

2. The day is fairly hot. (Incorrect)

The day is rather hot. (Correct)

(12) Hard and Hardly

Hard = Tough; it can be used as an Adjective or as an Adverb.

Hardly = Rarely; it is used as an Adverb only.

E.g.- 1. It is a hard job

2. He works hard.

3. She hardly comes to me

(13) Late and Lately

Late = After the fixed or usual time

Lately = Recently

e.g- 1. You are late.

2. He has lately started a new business.

(14) Most and Mostly

Most = Greatest in amount or degree

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Mostly = Generally, Usually

e.g.- 1. The person whom I like most is my father.

2.The audience consists mostly of students.

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