J A PA N P H I L I P P I N E S I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents a review of related literature related to studies that provide

support to the present study. The information included here were taken from journals,

articles, books and published studies which help to culture the studies.

Related Literature and Studies

Ul Haq & Chand (2012) investigated the usage and popularity of famous social media

network (Facebook) among university students with special focus on the gender based

comparison and the impact of the selected social medium on their academic performance.

The two researchers evaluate the pattern and frequency of Facebook use among

university students while focusing gender that majority of the users (61%) agree that this

social medium has adverse effects on their academic performance. Further analysis

reveals that among these 61%, majority of the respondents were male. In addition to

adverse effects of Facebook on academic performance, there was also an opinion that use

of Facebook makes it hard for them to perform the best on their career performance.

However the researcher feels that the later opinion is not very clear and established and

needs further investigation. These research analysis s hows that using social media

especially in terms of using Facebook is equally popular among male and female student

of the university under study. The researchers evaluate that majority of the users agree

that these social medium has adverse effects on their academic performance. These study

related in our study in the way of investigating about the effects of social media on their

academic achievements among students. They are both undertaking through analyzing a
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random sample of respondents. Hamat, Embi, & Hassan (2012) studied the use of social

networking platforms among undergraduate and postgraduate students of Malaysian

institutes of higher education. This qualitative research collected data on 6358 student

respondents through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed this data to make

observations on the use of social networking sites among them. The study also collects

opinion of students about the impacts of social medium on their academic performance.

One of the very significant findings of the study is about the use of social networking

sites for the purpose of learning. Majority of the respondents agree that they use SNSs as

informal learning tool and that it helps them connect to their friends and peers to get help

regarding their studies. However, in case of interaction with teachers, an equal split of

opposite opinions exist. This study also supports the most common finding of majority of

well-structured studies that use of social networking sites has no significantly negative

impact on the students’ academic performance. They further state that the possibility of

some other factors like social media addiction, more time on internet, chatting, cognitive

absorption etc. linked with the use of internet or specifically social networking sites may

cause poor academic performance. The above literature review shows that other students

are using social media for their learning, they use it as a learning tool. It has a significant

on our study because the use of social media can affect the academic performance in a

positive and negative way. Social media addiction is the top negative effect that may

cause poor academic performance. Negussie & Ketema (2014) further investigated if

there is any impact of using Facebook while accessing through different devices. Among

a variety of devices, it was found that the correlation between using Facebook on mobile

devices and students grades is highly negative as compared to using Facebook on other
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devices. This adverse effect is explained by the fact that using cellphones for social

networking activities may involve multitasking and all students are not equally efficient

in multitasking skills. The study suggests, that students must be encouraged to use social

networking sites for educational purposes instead of blocking these platforms in the

educational premises. These study has a correlation in our study because they both

proving that using social media has a big impact in the academic achievement among

students. Rouis, Limayem, & Salehi-Sangari (2011) investigate the effects of using

Facebook on academic performance of undergraduate students at Lulea University of

Technology Sweden in relation to their personality traits. The proposed research model

tests how Facebook usage effects performance of students with different personality

traits. In addition the research tries to justify the relationship among the three i.e.

Facebook usage, personality traits and academic performance. Their analysis of 239

students’ data reveals very significant results. This research establishes that using

Facebook has strong negative impact on academic performance of students with extrovert

personalities. However, factor of self-regulation among students greatly reduces this

negative impact as they have high level of effective self-control while using social media

platforms. Cognitive absorption, which defines of deep involvement, is another

personality factor taken into consideration while undertaking this research. Rouis,

Limayem & Salehi-Sangari (2011) successfully make the observation that extent of

cognitive absorption determines the frequency and duration of social media usage.

However, they add that level of cognitive absorption is turn defined by self-control and

other personality factors. While multitasking skills do nothing to reduce frequency and

use of social media among students, they moderate the effects of social media o reveals
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that among these students’ performance by tuning the cognitive absorption The above

literature review reveals that research on the role of social media and social networking

sites in academic performance of students is still debatable. Most of the researchers have

created more questions that finding answer.

Abstract

One of the recent popular social media platforms is the social networking site

(SNS). Thus far, few previous studies have empirically investigated people

motivations for SNS usage, especially not outside the U.S. this study combines a large-

scale quantitative and qualitative research design, by asking 1,200 SNS users an open

question regarding their reasons for using SNSs. An important conclusion drawn

from a preliminary content analysis is that people often report

many motivational reasons for using SNSs

. The most important reason is to get in contact with new people (31%). The second most

valued was to keep in touch with their friends (21%), whereas the third was general

socializing (14%). A sub-reasons were identified; that all give insight into the personal

incentives that drive people to use SNSs and thus contribute to our understanding of how

to develop successful social networking online.

Foreign literature

Age certainly become an important factor for social networking sites, it supports the life

phase concepts. Some people get attracted to these sites and encourage other people to
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connect within families, friends, teachers and students. Social networking sites become

viral multigenerational that even young people became attracted. Myspace nowadays has

historically been a youth sit, helped by its musical orientation and profile customizations,

Myspace has been adopted majority by us teens, creating peer pressure for the remainder

to join, in addition to likely pool of online friends and acquaintances connect to. An

additional benefits to this computer-mediated communication to the youths was the

ability to socialize online after school relatively safe atmosphere, avoiding the often

(forbidden) shopping mall visits of earlier generations. Gender is also important;

Myspace seems to support cross-gender friendship compared to the real world. Boyd and

Elison define social networks as web-based services that allow the individuals to 1.)

Create a public or mid-public profile within the bounded system. 2.) Choose list of people

who used SNS’s with whom they share connection. 3.) New other list of connections and

those made by others within the system.

Local Related Literature

Social networks gave a big help to everyone, especially among the students businessman

and other members of the society. Social networks has different features that may enjoy

by the people all around the world, what the problem is, people loses their self-control in

using them. Facebook is the most popular social networking site today wherein people

may share and upload videos, pictures, messages and chat. Twitter is also famous to every

people nowadays wherein people can share their feelings, thoughts and ideas. Through

twitter, they can easily be connected to their favorite celebrities and they can also be

updated on what is trend all around the world. Aside from these two, Tumbler, Myspace,

and Bing also became a raging craze to everyone. Social networking communities will
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definitely stay due to its millions of users. In addition, students today stay on these

accessibilities of information they may get in social networks. Social network may help

them in giving knowledge in thesis and journals but still negative effects of this still

overweighs especially about losing their self-control. Social networks bring a big benefit

about communication because through this we can easily communicate our loved ones

despite of the geographic distance. Social network may also help celebrities to be more

contact to their fans because through these sites they can easily post what are the recent

happenings about them. Through social networks we can be updated in every happening

not just in celebrities but also the recent updates to our country and also in the whole

world. Social networking sites can be a good way to make connections with people who

has similar interests and goals. Communication is one of the main things why social

networking had been viral. Social networking sites are the huge place to gather

information on what is trending Cal literature nowadays. Trending topics regards

celebrities, politics, sciences, technologies, discoveries and amazing facts. Businessmen

have noticed also the value of social networks in our life that’s why they used it to

promote their products. Social marketing was often used at the present time due to people

used social networks frequently. Social networks is not always good for us because other

people use it inappropriate way wherein some people are posting pornographies sites and

nude photos that frequently students may see. Many studies have shown that the

extensive use of social networks can actually cause addiction to the users. Students tend

to focus on cyber games that block the focus on their studies. A person gets lazy of works

due to over usage of social networking sites and online games.

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Foreign Related Studies

Social Networking nowadays was a huge influence among the internet system. For some

people, computers are considered vital on a daily basis. This had cause to many people

become computer addicts to this great service. Now, we see almost in every social places

providing Wi-Fi service. Also, with all the great technology now days we no longer have

to carry a laptop to places to use the internet, phones have immense technology access.

Currently, people can use their phones to update their social page. Also people who have

some level of social addiction like or find pretty interesting and getting to know

everything about their friends through the monitors of their computers and cell phones.

Hanging out with friends was not often considered by teens. Many people became

addicted to social networks due to the fact that it is very popular among not only young

people but adult people too. It is also an easy access to communicate, and it is

entertaining. Although, its important purpose to people is to keep in touch with their

family, friends, and old friends that one may have lost touch with. Addiction to these

internet websites became a problem once it starts to affect their daily life. According to

Pamaoukaghion (2055-2010) Social Network Addiction was first known as a

psychological disorder around the world, also internet addiction lead to social network

addiction. According to Young (2009) Social Networking can be compare as the same as

being addicted to drugs or alcohol. Internet addiction is big cause of social network

addiction because people started to explore the internet and by that started visiting social

network websites and by that people when to internet addiction to social network

addiction. Social networks addiction can also lead to many problems such as problems

with family, work, and friends. According to Pamaoukaghion (2005-2010) Facebook is

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one of the most famous visited social network website. There are many levels of social

network addiction, some of the levels are for emotional low self-confidence, and scared

to be exposed personally Pamaoukaghion (2005-2010) (paragraps#4-5). People with low

self-esteem are most likely to fall into social network addiction because of the unstable

social expose with people in person. According to Pamaoukaghion (2055-2010) in a

study from the University of Athens, psychiatrists discuss about a woman who lost her

job because of being online on a social network websites. The discussion was about this

situation of the women that it could be a sign of social network addiction.

According to Cheever (2009), there are five signs that may signal one has type of social

network addiction. 1.)when one is sleeping late at night spending time on social

networks, 2) when a person spends more than an hour in social networking sites, 3)when

one disregards work including school work,4) and also being stressed when you start

your day without even using social networks. One of the most popular sign that you are

really became addicted in social network is when you start to break your schedule and

focuses your mind only in social networks.. Although this information may find totally

normal to some people or may sound alarming to their daily living, according to Hardie,

E (2007) “High internet use was related to high levels of emotional loneliness, but low

levels of social loneliness”. What this means is people who suffers from emotional

distress tend to be addicted in social networks because this sites serves a great connection

between people. Some people have social network addiction because of their anxiety of

communicating with other people personally. In the primary research conducted for this

Literature Review in February 2011 a survey, some of the results where that many

students at The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) see Social Network Addiction as
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an interest nowadays. This is because students used the Social Network as a way to

communicate better and easier with their friends by seeing it has the new fashion to have

a social network website to express them and communicate other than sending an email

through their school accounts. In the survey, many of the students at UTEP answer that

they see Social Networking as a hobby, they add that people should learn to control and

limit it. According to the survey, students already seems to know that they have an

addiction but some of them don’t take it seriously since it not a big critical on their

health. Also according to the survey only 3 out of the 10 students asked to answer the

survey were interested on how they can fix their early signs of Social Network Addiction.

The rest according to the survey didn’t seem to be interested even though they have

shown and know early signs of the addiction. They seem to care more about their social

lives and reputation on the internet. Some solutions that Cheever (2007) suggests is to try

to find medical support if symptoms of social network addiction are getting noticing from

closed relatives such as family members. It is important to also people who notice this

type of behavior for example with teenagers, parents should know the correct approach to

correct or at least lowering the levels of addiction of their teenager by having open

conversation and try to be has supportive as possible. It is important to be supportive

because that way the person affected by the addiction can feel more confident to become

stronger to manage their addiction. According to Cheever (2007) family should spend a

lot of time going out than using social networks so that it may avoid social network

addiction. Also Cheever (2007) recommends used the reward system works is like setting

a goal, complete the goal and then reward yourself, and finally Cheever (2007) states to

make an effort to stay offline, to be mature about the recovery that it takes to become
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successful to fight back Social Network Addiction. Social Network Addiction is a

psychological disorder, where in almost all around the world people reaches internet

access. It is known that internet addiction leads to social network addiction. The signs of

social network addiction are very easy to recognize but the person that is affected by the

addiction is the one that notices it the first time but does not seem to pay attention to it

since they do not identify internet use as a psychological disorder. The people that are

affected by this addiction are mostly the ones that have social insecurities, but also the

other people see it as a hobby, but in reality they are being affected by the psychological

disorder. Some solutions of social networking are to be able to do physical activities: like

going out with friends, family, playing sports, or just to spending more quality time with

family. One recommendation is to be able to control oneself, in the survey conducted in

February 2011 many students added at the end of the survey that one strategy to control

their addiction to social network websites is to manage their time and create a schedule or

set a strict time schedule. Social network addictions are growing more and more as

technology keeps progressing.

Justification of the study

The studies and literature that had been written above was based on internet and studied

by the researchers. The words above are concisely revised by the researchers and

absolutely not imitated by the writers of the indicated articles.

References
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https://www.academia.edu/7877190/CHAPTER_2_REVIEW_OF_RELATED_LITERAT

URE