CHM 577 : INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

EXPERIMENT 8 : SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR

TRANSITION METAL CATIONS

NAME : NUR AMIRAH BINTI AHMAD

STUDENT ID : 2018801966
NAME OF GROUP MEMBER : HUSNA AFIFAH BINTI RAZALI
(2018801414)
NAME OF EVALUATOR : DR. LIM YING CHIN
DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 14/11/2019
DATE OF SUBMISSION : 21/11/2019
INTRODUCTION
A spectrophotometer is an instrument that can measure intensity and the
wavelength of the light. The instrument measures quantitatively the fraction of
the light passes through the solution. Spectrophotometer detect as the light of
the sample that absorbed and convert into absorbance. The intensity of colour is
proportional to the concentration of the species in the solution. The darker the
colour of the solution, the more light will absorb and the easier to get the
absorbance value.
Substances that appear red and absorbed blue visible light refelect other visible
colours to our eyes vice versa to the subatsnce that absorbed red but appear as
blue light. In this experiment, the absorbance value of the known Cu+ solution
was determined by using the spectrophotometer. Graph of absorbance versus
concentration of the known solution was plotted. This graph was explained
about the relationship of the concentration and absorbance. As the concentration
of solution is increase, the absorbance value will also increase. It is proved that
the concentration is directly proportional to the absorbance.
OBJECTIVE
To calculate the concentration of an unknown copper(II) solution by
spectrophotometric solution.
APPARATUS
Test tubes, burette, centrifuge tube, 0.2M CuSO4.5H2O and 1M HNO3 solution.
METHOD
DATA AND RESULTS
DISCUSSION
Absorbance can be obtained by determining the amount of light of certain
wavelength that absorbed by samples. In order to determine the concentration of
the unknown copper(II) solution, spectrophotometer was used. The
spectrophotometer is very sensitive because it cannot detect any solution that is
too low in concentration. The colour of the solution was very important so that
spectrophotometer can absorbed the light and convert into the value of
absorbance. The absorbance value is used to calculate the concentration of the
unknown copper(II) solution.
In this experiment, Cu solution and unknown sample solution were prepared. At
645 nm of the wavelength, the absorbance of all the solution were measured.
The absorbance value increased due to the increased of the concentration of the
known solution. The concentration was determine through the calibration curve
absorbance versus the concentration. From the graph, the concentration of Cu
solution that we obtained was 0.004 M and 0.0035 M.

CONCLUSION
The concentration of the known Cu solution was determined by using
spectrophotometer. The concentration we obtained was 0.004 M and 0.0035 M.
The graph shows that the absorbance increase when the concentration of the
solution increase. The objective has been achieved.
REFERENCE
1. Raymond Chang and Kenneth A. Golsby, Chemistry, eleventh edition
published by Mc. Graw Hill copyright 2013.

2. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemen
tal_Modules_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Coordination_Chemistry/Structure_
and_Nomenclature_of_Coordination_Compounds/Introduction_to_Coord
ination_Chemistry

3. https://www.studocu.com/en-us/document/oregon-state-
university/general-chemistry-lab-263/essays/coordination-compounds-
full-lab-report/1100248/view
QUESTIONS
1. Plot a graph of absorbance versus concentration (calibration curve) of
known Cu solution.
2. Determine the concentration of the unknown from the calibration curve.

- The concentration of the unknown are 0.1M and 0.01 M.

3. What is the general relationship between concentration and absorbance?

- The relationship between the concentration and the absorbance is as the

concentration increasing, the value of the absorbance become greater.
The concentration is directly proportional to the absorbance.

4. Explain how the concentration of the unknown is determined

- The concentration of the unknown is determine using the formula Y = mx

+ c. The value of c is determine on the y axis. The m is the gradient of the
graph. So, the concentration is calculated which is the x.