(6 pages)

APRIL 2012 72013/SAM6A

Time : Three hours Maximum : 75 marks

PART A — (10 × 2 = 20 marks)

Answer any TEN questions.
Each question carries 2 marks.

1. Define vector space.

öÁUhº öÁÎ Áøµ¯Ö.

2. Prove that the kernel of a vector space

homomorphism is a subspace.
öÁUhºöÁÎUPõÚ ö\¯À©õÓõU ÷Põºzu¼ß EmP¸,
J¸ EÒöÁÎ GÚ {ÖÄP.

3. Define linear combination of vectors.

Áøµ¯Ö: öÁUhºPÎß ÷|›¯À ÷\ºUøP.

4. Define linearly dependent vectors.

Áøµ¯Ö: ÷|›¯À \õµõu öÁUhºPÒ.

5. If V is finite-dimensional over F, prove that any

two bases of V have the same number of elements.
V Gߣx F – ß ÷©¾ÒÍ •iÄÖ £›©õn® GÛÀ
V–ß G¢u Cµsk AiUPn[Pξ® \©©õÚ \©
GsoUøP°À EÖ¨¦PÒ C¸US® GÚ {ÖÄP.
6. Define length of the vector in an inner product
space.
Áøµ¯Ö : Emö£¸UPÀ öÁΰÀ öÁUh›ß }Í®.
7. Prove that W ⊥ is a subspace of V .
W ⊥ Gߣx V ß EmöÁÎ GÚ {¸¤.
8. Define orthonormal vectors.
Áøµ¯Ö : Kµ»S ö\[Szx öÁUhºPÒ.
9. Define algebra.
Áøµ¯Ö : C¯ØPou Pn®.
10. Define: characteristic root of linear transformation
T.
Áøµ¯Ö : T –ß ]Ó¨¦ ‰»[PÒ.
11. Define : S and T are similar linear
transformations.
Áøµ¯Ö: S ©ØÖ® T Gß£Ú Jzu ÷|›¯À
E¸©õØÓ[PÒ.
12. Define characteristic vector of linear
transformation T .
Áøµ¯Ö T –ß ]Ó¨¦ öÁUhº.

PART B — (5 × 5 = 25 marks)
Answer any FIVE questions.
Each question carries 5 marks.

13. Prove that L (S ) is a subspace of V .

L (S ) Gߣx V ß EÒöÁÎ GÚ {ÖÄP.

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14. If v1 ,v2 ....,vn in a vector space V have W as linear
span and if v1 ,v2 ,.....vk are linearly independent,
then find a subset of v1 ,v2 ,....vn of the form
v1 ,v2 ,...vk ,vil ,...vir , consisting of linearly
independent elements whose linear span is also
W.
öÁUhº öÁÎ V À v1 ,v2 ....,vn PÎß ÷|›¯À
÷\º¨¦PÎß öuõSv W GßP. v1 ,v2 ,.....vk GߣÚ
÷|›¯À \õµõu öÁUhºPÒ GßP.
v1 ,v2 ,...vk ,vil ,...vir GßÓ öÁUhºPÎß ÷|›¯À
öuõS¨¦ W BP C¸US©õÖ v1 ,v2 ,....vn Pμ¸¢x
PõsP.
15. If v1 ,v2 ,⋅ ⋅ ⋅⋅,vn ∈ V are linearly independent, prove
that every element in their linear span has a
unique representation in the form
λ1v1 + λ2v2 + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ +λnvn with λi ∈ F .
v1 ,v2 ,⋅ ⋅ ⋅⋅,vn ∈ V JßÖUöPõßÖ
\õº£ØÓøÁ GÛÀ
AuÝøh¯ ÷|›¯À ÷\ºUøPz öuõSv°À EÒÍ
JÆöÁõ¸ EÖ¨¦® λ1v1 + λ2v2 + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ +λnvn , λi ∈ F
GßÓÁõÖ J÷µö¯õ¸ ÁiÂÀ C¸US® GÚ {¸¤.

16. If V is finite-dimensional over F and if

u1 ,⋅ ⋅ ⋅⋅,um ∈V are linearly independent then there
exists vectors um+1 ,⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅,um+r in V such that
u1 ,⋅ ⋅ ⋅⋅,um ,um +1 ,⋅ ⋅ ⋅⋅,um + r is a basis of V .
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 V Gߣx F –ß «x Aø©¢u •iÄÖ £›©õn®
öPõsh öÁUhº öÁÎ ©ØÖ® u1 ,⋅ ⋅ ⋅⋅,um ∈V
Gߣx ÷|›¯À \õµõu öÁUhºPÒ GÛÀ
V –À um+1 ,⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅,um+r BQ¯ öÁUhºPøÍ
u1 ,⋅ ⋅ ⋅⋅,um ,um +1 ,⋅ ⋅ ⋅⋅,um + r Gß£Ú J¸ AiUPn©õP
Aø©²©õÖU Põn»õ® GÚ {ÖÄP.

17. Prove that W ⊥ is a subspace of V .

W ⊥ Gߣx V –ß EÒöÁÎ GÚ {¸¤.

18. If λ ∈ F is a characteristic root of T ∈ A(V ) , prove

that for any polynomial q( x ) ∈ F [x ], q( λ ) is a
characteristic root of q(T ) .

λ ∈ F Gߣx T ∈ A(V ) –ß ]Ó¨¦ ‰»® GÛÀ q( λ )

Gߣx q(T ) –ß ]Ó¨¦ ‰»® GÚ {¹¤. C[S
q( x ) ∈ F [x ], H÷uÝ® J¸ £À¾Ö¨¦U ÷PõøÁ.

2 2 1 
19. If A = 1 3 1  , prove that A 3 − 7 A 2 + 11 A − 5 I = 0 .
1 2 2

2 2 1 
  A 3 − 7 A 2 + 11 A − 5 I = 0
A = 1 3 1  GÛÀ, GÚ
1 2 2
{¸¤.

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[P.T.O.]
 PART C — (3 × 10 = 30 marks)
Answer any THREE questions.
Each question carries 10 marks.

20. If v1 ,v2 ,⋅ ⋅ ⋅,vn is a basis of V over F and if

w1 ,w2 ,⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ wn are linearly independent over F , then
prove that m ≤ n .

v1 ,v2 ,⋅ ⋅ ⋅,vn Gß£Ú V US F ß ÷©À J¸ AiUPn®

©ØÖ® w1 ,w2 ,⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ wn Gß£Ú F –ß ÷©À ÷|›¯À \õµõu
öÁUhºPÒ GÛÀ, m ≤ n {¹¤.

21. If u,v ∈V , prove that (u,v ) ≤ u v .

u,v ∈V GÛÀ (u,v ) ≤ u v GÚ {¸¤.

22. If A is an algebra with unit element, over F

prove that A is isomorphic to a subalgebra of
A (V ) for some vector space V over F .

A Gߣx F –ß ÷©À Aø©¢u A»S EÖ¨¦hß

EÒÍ C¯ØPou Pn® GÛÀ A BÚx A (V ) ß E£
C¯ØPou PnzvØS \© J¨¦ø©¯õP Aø©²®.
C[S V Gߣx F –ß «uõÚ H÷uÝ® J¸ öÁUhº
öÁίõS®.

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23. If T ∈ A(V ) has all its characteristic roots in F ,
prove that there is a basis of V in which the
matrix of T is triangular.
T ∈ A(V ) –ß GÀ»õ ]Ó¨¦ ‰»[PЮ F –À EÒÍx
GÛÀ, V –ß J¸ AiUPnzøu¨ ö£õÖzx T –ß
Ao •U÷Põn ÁiÂÀ Aø©²©õÖ AiUPn®
JßÔøÚU Põn»õ® GÚ {ÖÄP.

24. If T ∈ A(V ) has only 0 as a characteristic root,

prove that T is a nilpotent.
T ∈ A(V ) ß ]Ó¨¦ ‰»® 0 ©mk÷© GÛÀ T Gߣx
J¸ £i_È GÚ {ÖÄP.

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