UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL

ENERGY ENERGY
Subject Code : A70232
Regulations : R15 - JNTUH
Class : IV Year B.Tech EEE I Semester

Department of Electrical and Electronics and Engineering

BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Ibrahimpatnam - 501 510, Hyderabad
UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY (A70232)
COURSE PLANNER
COURSE OVERVIEW
This course primarily deals with utilization of electrical energy generated from
various sources. It is important to understand the technical reasons behind selection of motors
for electric drives based on the characteristics of loads. Electric heating, welding and
illumination are some important loads in the industry in addition to motor/drives. Another
major share of loads is taken by Electric Traction. Utilization of electrical energy in all the

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 1

above loads is discussed in detail in this course. Demand side management concepts are also
introduced as a part of this course

PRE REQUISITES:
The knowledge of following subjects is essential to understand the subject:
1. Electrical Machines
2. Power Electronics and Drives
3. Power Systems –II
COURSE OBJECTIVE:
1 This Course provides an introduction to the principles of electrical drives and their
applications in daily life.
2 This course deals with the fundamentals of illumination and its classification.
3 Provides knowledge on electrical traction systems

COURSE OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course the student will be in a position to

S.No Description Bloom’s Taxonomy

Level
1 To understand the operating principles and characteristics of traction Remembering, evaluating
motors with respect to speed, temperature, loading condition (level1,level V)
2 To acquaint with the different types of heating and welding Understanding ,level-2
techniques
3 To study the basic principles of illumination and its measurement Understanding, level-2
4 To understand the basic principle of electric traction including speed– Understanding,evaluating
time curves of different traction services (level-1,level-5)
5 To understand the method of calculation of various traction system
for braking, acceleration and other related parameters, including Understanding, level-2
demand side management.
HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED
Program Outcomes Level Proficiency assed by
PO1 Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of
mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an Assignments,
3
engineering specialization to the solution of complex Mock tests
engineering problems.
PO2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research
literature, and analyze complex engineering problems Assignments,
1
reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles Mock tests
of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering

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 sciences.
PO3 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for
complex engineering problems and design system
components or processes that meet the specified needs Assignments,
2
with appropriate consideration for the public health and Mock tests
safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use
research-based knowledge and research methods
including design of experiments, analysis and Assignments,
-
Mock tests
interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to
provide valid conclusions.
PO5 Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate
techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT
tools including prediction and modeling to complex Assignments,
1
Mock tests
engineering activities with an understanding of the
limitations.
PO6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by
the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health,
safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent Assignments,
-
Mock tests
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering
practice.
PO7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact
of the professional engineering solutions in societal and
- -
environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge
of, and need for sustainable development.
PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to
professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the - -
engineering practice.
PO9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an
individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, - -
and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex
engineering activities with the engineering community
and with society at large, such as, being able to
- -
comprehend and write effective reports and design
documentation, make effective presentations, and give
and receive clear instructions.

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 PO11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate
knowledge and understanding of the engineering and
management principles and apply these to one’s own 1 seminars
work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage
projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
PO12 Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the
preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-
2 Industrial visits
long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None
HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED
Program Specific Outcomes Level Proficiency assed by
PSO 1 Talented to analyze, design and implement electrical &
electronics systems and deal with the rapid pace of 1 Industrial visits, projects
industrial innovations and developments
PSO 2 Skillful to use application and control techniques for
research and advanced studies in Electrical and 1 Guest lecturers projects
Electronics engineering domain
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None
COURSE CONTENT:
JNTUH SYLLABUS
UNIT – I
ELECTRIC DRIVES
Type of electric drives, choice of motor, starting and running characteristics, speed control,
temperature rise, particular applications of electric drives, types of industrial loads,
continuous, intermittent and variable loads, load equalization.
UNIT II
ELECTRIC HEATING & ELECTRIC WELDING
Advantages and methods of electric heating, resistance heating, induction heating, and
dielectric heating. Electric welding, resistance and arc welding, electric welding equipment,
comparison between A.C. and D.C. Welding.
UNIT – III
ILLUMINATION
Introduction, terms used in illumination, laws of illumination, polar curves, photometry,
integrating sphere, sources of light. Discharge lamps, MV and SV lamps comparison between
tungsten filament lamps and fluorescent tubes, Basic principles of light control, Types and
design of lighting and flood lighting.
UNIT –IV
ELECTRIC TRACTION – I

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 System of electric traction and track electrification. Review of existing electric traction
systems in India. Special features of traction motor, methods of electric braking – plugging,
rheostatic braking and regenerative braking. Mechanics of train movement. Speed-time
curves for different services – trapezoidal and quadrilateral speed time curves.
UNIT – V
ELECTRIC TRACTION – II
Calculations of tractive effort, power, specific energy consumption for given run, effect of
varying acceleration and braking retardation, adhesive weight and braking retardation
adhesive weight and coefficient of adhesion.
.GATE SYLLABUS: NOT APPLICABLE
IES SYLLABUS: NOT APPLICABLE
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Utilization of Electrical Energy - by E. Opens haw Taylor, University Press.
2. Art & Science of Utilization of Electrical Energy - by Par tab, Dhanpat Ravi & Sons.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
3. Utilization of Electrical Power including Electric drives and Electric traction – by N.V.
Suryanarayana, New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers, 1996.
4. Generation, Distribution and Utilization of Electrical Energy - by C.L. Wadhwa New Age
International (P) Limited, Publishers, 1997.
LESSON PLAN-COURSE SCHEDULE:
Course Learning
Lecture Week Refe
TOPIC outcomes
No. No. rence
UNIT – 1
1. Basic of Electric Drives & Type of Electric Drives Recall Drives
2. Choice of motors, starting& running characteristics Understanding
characteristics
1 Compare
3. Speed Control &Temp Rise of motor
Speed&Temp
4. Applications of electric drives Understanding the
Applications
5. Types of Industrial loads Analyzing Types
T1,R
of loads
1
6. Continuous & variable loads Analyzing Types
of loads
2
7. Load equalization Analyzing Types
of loads
8. Load equalization Analyzing Types
of loads
9. Numerical problems Solving
10. 3 Numerical problems Solving
11. Review of Unit-I

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12. Mock Test – I
UNIT – 2
13. Basic of Electric Heating Understanding
Heating
14. Methods of Electric Heating Inspect Methods of
Heating
15. 4 Advantages of Electric Heating Understanding
Advantages
16. Resistance Heating Compare Methods
of Heating
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 1
17. Induction Heating Understanding
Induction Heating
18. 5 Dielectric Heating Understanding
Dielectric Heating
19. Numerical problems Solving T1,R
Understanding 1
20. Electric Welding
Electric Welding
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 2
Understanding
21. Resistance & arc Welding
types of Welding
Knowledge about
22. Electric Welding Equipment
Welding Equipment
6
Compare Methods
23. A.C. & D.C. Welding
of Welding
24. Revision
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 3
UNIT – 3
Understanding the
25. Fundamentals of illumination
Fundamentals
Knowledge about
26. Terms used in illumination
7 illumination
27. Laws of illumination Analyzing Laws T1,R
28. Problems Solving 1
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 4
Knowledge about
29. Polar curves
curves
8
Knowledge about
30. Photometry
Photometry

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31. Integrating sphere Understanding
32. Sources of light Knowledge
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 5
I Mid Examinations (Week 9)
UNIT – 3 Contd.
Knowledge about
33. Discharge lamps , MV Lamps
various Lamps
Knowledge about
34. SV Lamps , Tungsten filament
various Lamps T1,R
10 Knowledge about 1
35. Fluorescent tubes ,Light control
various Lamps
Knowledge about
36. Lighting design ,Flood lighting
various Lamps
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 6
UNIT – 4
Understanding
37. System of Elec. traction
traction
Analyzing
38. Track electrification
electrification
11 Analyzing
39. Track Electrification India Problems
electrification
Knowledge about
40. Traction motor features
Traction
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 7
Knowledge about T1,R
41. Electric breaking
breaking 1
42. Review problems Solving
12 Understanding
43. Mechanics of train movement
Mechanism
44. Speed-time curves Analyzing curves
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 8
45. Trapezoidal speed-time curves Analyzing curves
46. Quadrilateral speed-time curves Analyzing curves
47. 13 Problems Solving
48. Revision
Mock Test - II
UNIT – 5
49. 14 Tractive effort calculations Understanding
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 Tractive effort T1,R
50. Power calculations Solving 1
51. Power calculations Solving
Knowledge about
52. Effects of varying acceleration
acceleration
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 9
53. Breaking retardation Knowledge about
54. Breaking retardation Breaking
55. 15 Breaking retardation retardation
56. Adhesive weight
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 10
57. Adhesive weight Solving
58. Problems Various problems
59. 16 problems
60. Problems
Topics beyond the syllabus#11
61. Electrical hazards in mines Giving Knowledge
62. Applications of refrigeration about various
63. Economical aspects concepts in
17
ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF UTILISING utilization
64.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 12
II Mid Examinations (Week 18)
IX. MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF PROGRAM
OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:
Program
Course Outcomes

Specific
Program Outcomes (PO)
Outcomes
(PSO)

P
PO P P P P P P P PO PO PO1 PSO PS
O
1 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O8 O9 10 11 2 1 O2
2

C - 1 1 - 1 - - - - - - 2 1
O1
C 2 1 1 1 - 1 - - - - - - 2 2
O2
C 2 1 2 1 - 1 - - - - - - 1 2
O3
C 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - 1 2
O4
C 3 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - 1 2
O5

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 Av 1.8 1. 1.4 1.2 0.6 1.2 - - - - - - 1.4 1.8
g 2
3:
1: Slight 2:Moderate -:
Substantial
(Low) (Medium) None
(High)
QUESTION BANK: (As Per JNTU, Hyderabad)
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS:
UNIT-I
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
S.NO QUESTION BLOOMS COURSE
TAXANOMY OUTCOME
LEVEL
1 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of electric knowledge 1
drive over other drives.
2 Explain in detail the general consideration in selecting understand 1
motor power ratings
3 What are the advantages of equipment operated from understand 1
high frequency supply??
4 What is meant by load equalization? Derive the knowledge 1
expression for instantaneous motor torque, M.O.I of
the fly wheel and the motor slip. State any assumptions
mad
5 Discuss the terms ‘continuous’, ‘intermittent’ and understand 1
‘variable’ loads with example
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxanomy Outcome
Level
1 Distinguish between continuous, Intermittent and knowledge 1
variable loads
2 “If a high degree of speed control is required, d.c. is knowledge 1
preferable to a.c. for an electric drive" -Justify.
3 What are the factors governing the selection of motors? knowledge 1
4 List the advantages and disadvantages of electric drive knowledge 1
over other drives.
5 Explain various characteristics to be considered for knowledge 1
selection of electric drive
UNIT-II
LONGANSWER QUESTIONS
S.No Questions Blooms Course
Taxanomy Outcome
Level
1 Explain in brief how heating is done in the following 2
cases: i) Resistance heating, ii) Induction heating iii)

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 Dielectric heating. knowledge
2 Explain the principal of dielectric heating also write 2
advantages and its applications. knowledge
3 Explain in detail about resistance and arc welding. understanding 2
4 Describe the construction and principle of working of understanding 2
an induction furnace.
5 Describe with neat sketches various methods of knowledge 2
electric resistance welding. Give its merits and
demerits with respect to arc welding
6 With a neat sketch explain the working principle of understanding 2
core type and coreless type induction furnace
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
S.No Questions Blooms Course
Taxanomy Outcome
Level
1 Give some applications of induction heating. understanding 2
2 Explain about dielectric heating. knowledge 2
3 List out the properties of heating element. understanding 2
4 What is the difference between plastic welding knowledge 2
&fusion welding?
5 Give the classification of electric heating methods. knowledge 2
UNIT-III
LONGANSWER QUESTIONS:
S.No Questions Blooms Course
Taxanomy Outcome
Level
1 Explain the following terms w.r.t illumination 3
Engineering: i)Reduction factor ii)Utilization factor
iii)Maintenance factor iv)Absorption factor knowledge
2 Explain the construction and working of Sodium 3
vapor lamp. knowledge
3 State and explain laws of illumination understanding 3
4 Describe the construction and working principal of understanding 3
mercury vapour lamp.
5 Explain the different measurement techniques used knowledge 3
for luminous intensity
6 Explain how will you measure the candle power of a understanding 3
source of light?
7 A lamp giving 300 C.P in all directions below knowledge 3
horizontal is suspended 2m above the centre of a
square table of 1m side. Calculate the maximum and
minimum illumination on the surface of the table
8 What is photometry? Explain photovoltaic method of understanding 3

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 photometry
9 A lamp with mean spherical candle power of 1000 is knowledge 3
suspended at a height of 1.2m. Determine i) total flux
emitted by the lamp ii) the illumination just below the
lamp
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
S.No Questions Blooms Course
Taxanomy Outcome
Level
1 Define Luminous flux. knowledge 3
2 Define Solid angle and Space height ratio with knowledge 3
respect to illumination.
3 Define (i) waste light factor (ii) depreciation factor knowledge 3
(iii) coefficient of utilization.
4 Define: Mean spherical Candlepower, knowledge 3
5 What are the advantages of coiled coil filament gas knowledge 3
filled lamp?
UNIT IV
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
S.No Questions Blooms Course
Taxanomy Outcome
Level
1 From the simplified speed- time curve, determine the understanding 4
maximum speed, when the actual time of run, values
of acceleration, retardation and the distance between
stops are given.
2 An electric train is to have acceleration and breaking knowledge 4
retardation of 0.8 Km/h/s and 3.2 Km/h/s
respectively. If the ratio of maximum to average
speed is 1.3 and time for stops 26 seconds, find
schedule speed for a run of 1.5 km. Assume
simplified trapezoidal speed-time curve
3 For a quadrilateral speed-time curve of an electric 4
train, derive expression for the distance between understanding
stops and speed at the end of the coasting period
5 Discuss the main features of various train services. 4
What type of train services corresponds to trapezoidal understanding
and quadrilateral speed time curves?
6 What is specific energy consumption of a train? understanding 4
Explain various factors affecting it.
7 A suburban train runs with an average speed of 36 4
kmph between two stations 1.8 km apart. The values
of acceleration and retardation are 1.8 kmphps and knowledge
3.6 kmphps. Calculate the maximum speed of the
EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 11
 train assuming trapezoidal speed-time curve
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
S.No Questions Blooms Course
Taxanomy Outcome
Level
1 What is braking retardation? knowledge 4
2 Define (i) Average speed, (ii) crest speed, (iii) knowledge 4
scheduled speed.
3 Why a series motor is preferred for the electric knowledge 4
traction.
4 What are the disadvantages of diesel electric traction? knowledge 4
5 Define tractive effort. knowledge 4
UNIT V
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
S.No Questions Blooms Course
Taxanomy Level Outcome
1 Briefly explain the a.c. motors used in traction understanding 5
2 Show that if the speed-time curves are similar, understanding 5
Specific
3 State the factors that affect the specific energy knowledge 5
consumption and their influence on it.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
S.NO QUESTIONS BLOOMS COURSE
TAXANOMY OUTCOME
LEVEL
1 What are the advantages of electric braking over knowledge 5
mechanical braking
2 Define Dead weight, Accelerating weight, knowledge 5
Adhesive weight
3 What are the different systems of track knowledge 5
electrification
4 Where will you recommend the hybrid drive knowledge 5
5 What are the various current collective systems knowledge 5
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS: As Per JNTU, Hyderabad
UNIT-1
1. The consideration involved in the selection of the type of electric drive for a particular
application depends on
a) Speed control range and its nature b) Starting torque c)Environmental conditions d)
All of the above.
2. Which of the following is preferred for automatic drives?
a)Synchronous motors b) Squirrel cage induction motor c) Ward Leonard controlled dc
motors d) Any of the above.

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3. Which type of drive can be used for hoisting machinery
a) AC slip ring motor b) Ward Leonard controlled DC shunt motor c) DC compound motor
d) Any of the above.
4. The motor normally used for crane travel is
a) AC slip ring motor b) Ward Leonard controlled DC shunt motor c) Synchronous
motor d) DC differentially compound motor.
5. A wound rotor induction motor is preferred over squirrel cage induction motor when the
major consideration involved is
a) High starting torque b) Low starting current c) Speed control over limited range b) All
of the above.
6. A synchronous motor is found to be more economical when the load is above
a) 1 kW b) 10 kW c) 20 kW d)100kW.
UNIT-2
1. Which of the following joint have high corrosion resistance?
a) Welding joint b) Riveted joint c) Bolted joint d)None of the above
2. Which of the following ray is not produced during welding?
a) Gamma ray b) Visible light rays c) Infrared ray d)Ultra violet rays
3. Single-V and single-U butt welds are used for sheets of thickness:
a) upto 10mm b) 5-15mm c) 10-20mm d)15-25mm
4. Double-V and double-U butt welds are used for plates of thickness
a) 1-5mm b) 5-10mm c)10-15mm d) Over 15mm
5. Which of the following types is not fillet weld?
a) butt joint b) lap joint c) T-joint d)Corner joint
6. Which of the following is an example of plastic welding?
a) Gas welding b) Arc welding c) Forge welding d)Thermit welding
UNIT-3
1. Radiant efficiency of the luminous source depends on
a) Shape of the source b) Temperature of the source c) Wavelength of light rays d) All of
the above.
2. Light waves travel with a velocity of
a) 3 x 1010 cm/s b) 3 x 1012 cm/s c) 3 x 1015 cm/s d) 3 x 1018 cm/s.
3. Carbon arc lamps are commonly used in
a) Domestic lighting b) Street lighting c) Cinema projectors d)Photography.
4. The unit of solid angle is
a) Solid angle b) Radian c) Steradian d)Candela.
5. Candela is the unit of
a) Luminous flux b) Luminous intensity c) Wavelength d)None of the above.
6. The unit of luminous flux is
EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 13
 a) Steradian b) Candela c) Lumen d)Lux.
UNIT -4
1. Overall efficiency of steam locomotive system is close to
a) 5 to 10% b) 25 to 30% c) 55 to 60% d) 75 to 80%.
2. In a steam locomotive electric power is provided through
a) Battery system b) Diesel engine generator c) Overhead wire d)Small turbo generator.
3. Maximum horse power of steam locomotive is
a) 100 b) 500 c) 1500 d)2500.
4. The pressure of steam in a locomotive is
a) 10-15 kg/sq. cm b) 20 - 30 kg/sq. cm c) 40 - 50 kg/sq. cm d)80 - 90 kg/sq. cm
5. The efficiency of diesel locomotives is nearly
a) 20 - 25 percent b) 35 - 40 percent c) 50 - 55 percent d)70 - 75 percent.
6. The advantage of electric traction over other methods is
a) No pollution problems b) Faster acceleration c) Better braking action d) All of the
above.
UNIT -5
1. Long distance railways use
a) 200 V DC b) 25 kV Single phase AC c) 25 kV Two phase AC d)25 kV Three phase AC.
2. The range of horsepower for diesel locomotives is
a) 100 to 500 b) 500 to 1000 c) 1500 to 2500 d)4000 to 5500.
3. Steam Engine provided on steam locomotives is
a) Single acting condensing type b) Double acting condensing type c) Double acting non
- condensing type d)Single acting non condensing type.
4. A submarine while moving under water, is provided driving power through
a) Diesel engines b) Steam turbine c) Gas turbine d)Batteries.
5. Overload capacity of diesel engines is usually restricted to
a) 2 % b) 10% c) 25% a) 50%.
6. Which locomotive has the highest operational availability?
a) Diesel b) Electric c) Steam d)All have same availability.
GATE: Not Applicable
ESE: Not Applicable
LIST OF JOURNALS:
1. Electric Traction Systems
URL: http://www.theiet.org/resources/conferences/transport/elec_trac.cfm
2. Electric Traction - Motive Power and Energy Supply: Basics and Practical
URL:
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Hdvr82d23mkC&pg=PR5&lpg=PR5&dq=lecture+o
n+electric+traction&source=bl&ots=ssz60GTWMf&sig=GiM2W1L44cLV8GEHLFBLl

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 mtRLRU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjak6XPtIbNAhXLMo8KHXsFCycQ6AEIKzA
D#v=onepage&q=lecture%20on%20electric%20traction&f=false
3. Electric Power Systems Research
URL: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/electric-power-systems-research/
4. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
URL:http://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-electrical-power-and-
energy-systems/
5. IEEE Proceedings of the IEE - Part IA: Electric Railway Traction
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5239454
6. IEEE Power Engineering Journal
RL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2224
WEBSITES:
1. Illumination engineering and electric utility services.
URL: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108105060/
2. Centre for Railways Research at IIT Kharagpur.
3. Nptel.ac.in/courses/108105058/
4. Nptel.ac.in/courses/108105060/

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