Bibliography: Turks and Other Muslims in Bulgaria and the

Balkans
Compiled by ALI EMINOV, Wayne State College, Wayne, Nebraska, USA. Send comments,
suggestions, additions to alemino1@wsc.edu

Notes on Transliteration and Pronunciation

Most Bulgarian letters are pronounced as in English except for the following: Ж, ж (Ž, ž)
pronounced s as in treasure; Й, й (Y, y) pronounced y as in yes; С, с (S, s) pronounced s as in
soon; У, у (U, u) pronounced oo as in broom; X, x (Kh, kh) pronounced ch as in Bach; Ц, ц (C,
c) pronounced tz as in quartz; Ч, ч (Č, č) pronounced ch as in church; Ш, ш (Š, š) pronounced sh
as in should; Щ, щ (Št, št) pronounced shed as in washed; Ъ, ъ (Ǔ, ǔ) pronounced u as in
urgent; Ю, ю (Yu, yu) pronounced you as in youth (but shorter); Я, я (Ya, ya) pronounced ya as
in yard (but shorter).

Most Turkish letters are pronounced as in English except for the following: C, c pronounced
j as in jam; ğ (soft g) is not pronounced; serves to lengthen slightly the preceding vowel; I, ı
pronounced u as in urgent; İ, i pronounced i as in bit; J, j pronounced g as in montage; Ş, ş
pronounced sh as in ship. O, o (with umlaut above it) pronounced eu as in peu; U, u (with
umlaut above it) pronounced ew as in few; and C, c (with cedilla below it) pronounced ch as in
chat.
______________________________________________________________________________
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