CHAPTER 15 - OUR ENVIRONMENT QUESTION

PRACTICE-I (c) A series of organisms, each of which feeds on teh next organism, the
Question 1 What is the functional unit of the environment comprising of the beginning of which is a green plant, is called a ______ .
living and non-living components called? (d) The science that deals with the inter-relationships of living things with
Question 2 Name two natural ecosystems and two artificial ecosystems. one another and their environment is called ______ .
Question 3 Which one of the following is not a terrestial ecosystem (e) Plastic is a _______ material whereas paper is a ______ material.
?Forest , Grass land ,Aquarium , Desert Question 20 Explain the terms 'producer' and 'consumer'. Give two
Question 4 Why are plants called producers? examples of producers and two of consumers.
Question 5 What name has been given to those organisms which break Question 21 (a) define decomposers. Name one decomposer.
down to complex organic compounds present in dead animals and plants? (b) what is the role of decomposers in the ecosystem ?
Question 6 What are planktons ? Question 22 What is meant by a primary consumer, secondary consumer
Question 7 State the whether following statements are true or false : and a tertiary consumer? Give one example of each.
(a) In biology , human beings are called producers .
(b) Secondary customers and tertiary consumers , both are carnivores. PRACTICE-II
Question 8 Which category of organisms forms the starting point of a food Question 1 Give an example of a four step food chain operating n grassland.
chain? Name the secondary consumer in this food chain.
Question 9 Which of the following belongs to the same trophic level ? Question 2 (a) Define trophic level . Draw the food chain with four
Goat; Spider; plants; Hawk; Rat trophic levels.
Question 10 Which of the following belong to the same trophic level ? (b) What will happen if we kill all the organisms in one trophic level?
Tree; Frof; Snake; Grass; Lizard Question 3 What is the difference between the food habits of organisms
Question 11 Write an aquatic food chain . belonging to the first and the third trophic levels? Give one example each of
Question 12 Name the organisms belonging to the second and the fourth the organisms belonging to these two trophic levels.
tropic levels in the food chain compromising the following : Frogs, Plants, Question 4 Can the organisms of any trophic level be removed without
Snakes, Hawk, Insects causing any damage the ecosystem? Will the impact of removing all the
Question 13 What are the various steps of food chain called ? organisms in a trophic level be different for different trophic levels ?
Question 14 Construct afood chain compromising the following : snakes, Question 5 Consider the food chain: Grass Deer Lion
Hawk, Rats , Plants What will happen if all the lions are removed from the above food chain?
Question 15 Arrange the following in afood chain : Fish, Algae, Small Question 6 The number of malaria patients in avillage
animals , big fish increased tremendously when large number of frogs were exported from
Question 16 which organisms belong to third and fourth trophic levels in the village . What could be the cause for it ?
the food chain compromising the following ? Rats, Plants, Hawk, snakes Question 7 How does the biodegradable waste differ from a non-
Question 17 Which one term in the following includes the others? air, flora, biodegradable waste ? Give two examples of non-
fauna, environment, water, sunlight, soil biodegradable wastes which pollute our environment.
Question 18 A food chain represents a unidirectional flow of X .what is X ? Question 8Which of the following are biodergradable and which non-
Question 19 Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: biodegradable?Glass bottle, Paper, Ball point pen refill, Hay, DDT, Wheat,
(a) Decomposer organisms are ______ in their action. Cake, Wood, Polythene bag, Jute bag, Cotton cloth, Grass, Vegetable peels
(b) In nature, all green plants are ______ whereas animals are consumers. Question 9 Write down a food chain :
(a)in the sea
(b) which ends with humans
Question 10 At which trophic levels a person is feeding when he is eating :
(a) roasted chicken (b) bread (c) eggs (d) apple (e) fish
Question 11 A student went to study a local pond . In one part of the pond
she noticed tadpoles scraping at some pond weed. In another part she saw a
water beetle holding a tadpole in its jaws.
(a) Construct a food chain for the pond .
(b) How many links are there in this chain?
Question 12 Construct (a) a long food chain , and (b) a short foodchain,
ending with man.
Question 13 (a) State one advantages of using jute bags over plastic bags for
shopping.
(b) Write a common food chain of a pond ecosystem having four links.
Question 14 We do not clean ponds or lakes but an aquarium needs to be
cleaned periodically. Why?
Question 15 What will be the consequence of the absence of decomposers
in the ecosystem?
Question 16 Give 4 differences between food chain and food web.
Question 17 Write one or two words for each of the following
statements/definitions:
(a) Each level of food chain where transfer of energy takes place.
(b) The physical factors like temperature, rainfall, light, soil, air and water
of an ecosystem.
(c) Organisms which depend on the producers for food either directly or
indirectly.
(d) The physical and biological world where we live in.
(e) Selfcontained unit of living things and their non-living environment
needing only sunlight for its functioning.
Question 18 (a) What is meant by non-biodegradable waste materials? Give
two examples of non-biodegradable wastes.
(b) Which of the following materials are biodegradable?
Animal bones, Iron nails, Plastic mugs, Leather belts, Silver foil.
PRACTICE-III
Question 1 (a) Define an ecosystem. Give examples of any two ecosystems.
(b) List the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem.
(c) with five links with in it.
Question 2 (a) What is a food chain? Give one example of a simple food
chain.
(b) What is a 'food web'? Show its formation.
Question 3 (a) What is meant by 'enviornment'?
(b) What type of substances are the major pollutants of the environment?
Name two such substances.
(c) Name the organisms whose uncontrolled activities are damaging the
environment.
(d) Explain why, it is better to use paper bags than plastic bags
PRACTICE-IV
Question 1 What percentage of the solar energy is trapped and utilised by
the plants?
Question 2 What percentage of energy available at the producer level is
transferred at successive trophic levels in a food chain ?
Question 3 Name the process in which a harmful chemicals enters the food
chain and gets concentrated at each tropic level.
Question 4 In a food chain consisting of grass , frog , bird and insects ,
where will the concentration of the harmful chemicals be maximum?
Question 5 If a harmful chemical enters a food chain comprising cat , mice
and plants ,which one of these organisms is likely to have the maximum
concentration of the harmful chemical in its body ?
Question 6 Which radiations are absorbed by ozone layer ?
Question 7 Name the group of chemical compounds which
damages theozone layer.
Question 8 Name two waste materials which can be recycled.
Question 9 Name the process by which the volume of solid wastes can be
reduced.
Question 10 If 5 joules of energy is available at producer level (plants), then
how much energy will be transferred to the lion in the following food
chain? Plants Goat Lion
Question 11 State whether the following staement is true or false
: Only 10 percent of the light energy given by the sun is available
for the transfer at each higher trophic level in a food chain.
Question 12 Where does all the energy in living organism originate from ?
Question 13 Why are there rarely more than five links (or five organisms )
in a food chain?
Question 14 Name two predators of snakes in a food web operating ina
forest ecosystem .
Question 15 Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:
(a) Ultraviolet rays can cause skin ______ .
(b) Pesticides enter the food chain at the _______ level.
(c) Grass _______ Human
(d) Lettuce _______ Fox
(e) Plants Antelope ______ .
PRACTICE-V
Question 1 What is ten per cent law? Explain with an example.
Question 2 What the full form of CFC. Give its one harmful effect.
Question 3 Explian how , harmful ultraviolet radiations of sunlight are
prevented from reaching the earth's surface .
Question 4 What are the causes of depletion of ozone layer ? Which
disease are likely to be caused if the ozone layer will become thinner ?
Question 5 Explian how harmful chemicals enter our bodies.
Question 6 'If we excessively use pesticides to protect the crops from
diseases, then it may cause long-term damage to manking'. Justify this
statement.
Question 7 What is mean by biological magnification? With the help of a
food chain, explain how biological magnification of harmful chemicals can
occur.
Question 8 What is meant by bioconcentration of pesticide ?which
common pesticide has accumulated in human body in considerable
amounts ?
Question 9 What is garbage? What does garbage consist of?
Question 10 Name the various modes of waste disposal.
Question 11 How can the wastes such as paper, plastic and metal objects
be disposed off?
Question 12 Give a method for disposal of household wastes such as left-
over food, fruit and vegetable peels, and leaves of potted plants.
Question 13 What is meant by incineration ? For what purpose is it used ?
Question 14 How are most of the solid wastes in urban areas disposed of?
Question 15 State two advantages of using disposable paper cups over
disposable plastic cups.
Question 16 What is sewage? How is sewage disposed of?
Question 17 Write the harmful effects of ozone depletion.
Question 18 What would happen if the ozone layer in the atmosphere
completely disappears?
Question 19 (a) With the help of a flow diagram, describe how energy from
the sun flows through various trophic levels.
Question 20 (a) What is ozone? How is it formed?
(b) How does ozone layer protect us from harmful effects in the
environment?
(c) What is UNEP? What step has been taken by UNEP in 1987 to prevent
too much damage to the ozone layer?
Question 21 (a) How is energy introduced into the ecosystem?
(b) Consider the following food chains:
(i) Plants Mice Snakes Hawks
(ii) Plants Mice Hawks
If energy available at the producer level in both the food chains is 100 J , in
which case will hawks get more energy as food and by how much? Justify
your answer.
Question 22 (a) Explain why, a food chain usually cannot have more than
three or four steps.
Calculate the amount of energy that will be available to big fish in the
following food chain, if 10,000 J of energy is available to small algae from
the sun:
Small algae Zooplankton Fish Big fish
Question 23 (a) Name and state the law given by Lindeman which tells us
how much energy entering a particular trophic level of organisms is
available for transfer to the next higher trophic level.
(b) How much energy will be avialable to hawks in the food chain
comprising hawk, snake, paddy and mice, if 10,000 J of energy is available
to the paddy from the sun?
 CHAPTER -16 MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
PRACTICE-I
Question 1 Name two fossils fuels .
Question 2 Name the major programme started to replenish forests.
Question 3 Apart from the availabilty of forest products , name two other
which are affected by the destruction of forest.
Question 4 Name the rivers with which the following dams are associated:
(a) Tehri Dam
(b) Sardar Sarovar Dam
(c) Bhakra Dam
Question 5 Name two factors which can be used to find whether river water
has been contaminated.
Question 6 Name the bacteria whose presence in water indicates the
contamination with disease-causing micro-organisms.
Question 7 With which process are the following ancient
structure associated ? Kulhs , Eris , Surangams , Kattas, Pynes
Question 8 Which fossils fuel is conserved : (a) When we save on
electricity ?
(b) When we use bicycle for covering short distances instead of a
motorbike ?
Question 9 What is the main purpose of rainwater harvesting?
Question 10 What is the name of the process in which rainwater falling on
the earth is stopped from flowing and made to percolate into the ground?
Question 11 Name the most common practice of
recharging ground water .
Question 12 The pH of a river water sample as measured by pH paper is
found to be 6. What does it tell us about water ?
Question 13 Name the person who is most remembered for the protection
of Khejri trees in Rajhasthan .
Question 14 State whether the following statement is true or false : Chipko Question 12 What the main uses of coal and petroleum products ?
Andolan was associated with the conservation of wild animals such as
tigers and lions.
Question 15 Write the full name of (a) CFL, and (b) CFC.
Question 16 Choose one term from the following which include all
others: coal, natural gas , fossil fuels , petroleum
Question 17 Why is the process of 'reuse' better than of 'recycling'?
Question 18 Name a clean gaseous fuel other than LPG and natural gas.
Question 19 Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
(a) LPG is a .................... fuel but biogas is not a ...........fuel.
(b) Glaciers are a source of ...........
(c) One of the main aim of management of forests and wild life is to
conserve the .............which we have inherited.
(d) Khadin is a traditional ............harvesting system in Rajhasthan .
(e) when a fuel burns in an insufficient supply of air , then some poisonous
gas called .............is also produced.
PPRACTICE-II
Question 1 What is meant by " sustainable development" ?
Question 2 What is silviculture? What are its advantages?
Question 3 Write a short note on Chipko Andolan (Hug the trees
Movement).
Question 4 Why should we conserve forests and wildlife ?
Question 5 Describe briefly the 'khadin' system of rainwater harvesting
practised in Rajasthan.
Question 6 What measures would you take to conserve electricity in your
house ?
Question 7 Although coal and petroleum are produced by the degradation
of biomass , even then we need to conserve them .why ?
Question 8 Is water conservation necessary? Give reasons.
Question 9 Name the products of combustion of fossils fuels like coal and
petroleum products. How do they affect us and our enviornment?
Question 10 Why should fossils fuels like coal and petroleum be used
judiciously ?
Question 11 What are the three R's to save the environment ?Explain with
one example of each .
Question 13 State any five steps to reduce the consumption of coal and
petroleum products.
Question 14 Explian why, despite good rain , we are not able to meet the
demand for the water of all the people in our country.
Question 15 Give one example to show how the participation of local
people can lead to the efficient management of forests.
Question 16 Explian briefly , how rainwater harvesting is done from open
spaces around the buildings in city areas.
Question 17 (a) What is a natural resource ? Name three important natural
resources.
(b) Why do we need to manage our natural resources ?
Question 18 (a) State the advantages of constructing dams across the rivers
(b)Describe some of the problems associated with the construction of dams.
Question 19 (a) Name any five sources of water (other than rivers)
(b) Describe how, the water of river Ganga has been highly polluted.
Question 20 (a) Name the major industries which are based on
forest produce.
(b) State the main aim of the management of forests and wild life.
(c) Name the four main stake holders in the management of forest
resources.
Question 21
(a) What is meant by rainwater harvesting? Name some of the ancient
strutures used for rainwater harvesting by the rural people.
(b) What are the various advantages of water stored in ground?