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Addition Mathematics Form 5 Geometry Progression Module 2
Addition Mathematics Form 5 Geometry Progression Module 2
Contents Page
2
2.1 CONCEPT MAP (GEOMETRIC PROGRESSIONS)
3
2.2 IDENTIFY CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOMETRIC
PROGRESSIONS
4
2.3 DETERMINE WHETHER A GIVEN SEQUENCE IS A
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
6
2.4 DETERMINE BY USING FORMULA
2.5 FIND 6
SPM Questions 15
18
Assessment test
Answers 20
0
CHAPTER 2 : GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
PROGRESSION
GEOMETRIC
ARITHMETIC
PROGRESSION
PROGRESSION
THE n th TERM Tn
Tn = arn-1
.a = first term
.r = Common ratio
.n = number of terms
Sn =
a ( r n 1)
, r >1
THE r th TERM Tr
r 1
OR
a (1 r n ) T r = S r - S r 1
Sn = , r <1
1 r
SUM OF INFINITY
a
Sn = , -1 < r < 1
1 r
1
PROGRESSIONS
( Geometric Progression)
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
EXERCISE 1:
Complete each of the sequence below when give a (fist term ) and r (common ratio) .
Example:
a) -3 2 -3, (-3)(2)1 = - 6, (-3)(2)2 = -12, (-3)(2)3 = -24
.b) 3 -2
.c) 4 3
.d) -6 -2
1 1
.e)
2 3
1 4
.f) y y
3 3
2
2.3 Determine whether a given sequence is an geometric
progression
EXERCISE 2 :
a) -8, 4, -2,…… 4 1 2 1
.r = = , = (true)
8 2 4 2
1 2 4
e) x, x, x……
3 9 27
f) a5 , a4 b, a3 b2
1 1 1
g) , , ,….
4 12 36
1 1 1
h) , , ,…
27 9 3
3
EXERCISE 3 :
2.3.2 Given that the first three terms of a geometric progression are below.
Find the value of x
b) x, x + 2 , x + 3
c) x + 3, 5x - 3, 7x + 3
e) x – 6, x, 2x + 16
4
2.4 Determine by using formula:
Tn = arn-1
EXERCISE 4:
5
2.4.2 Find the number of terms of the arithmetic progression
EXERCISE 5:
Example :
1 b) 2, -4, 8, ……512
a) 64, - 32, 16,…….-
8
1 1
Tn = - a = 64, r = -
8 2
1 n 1 1
64 =-
2 8
1 n 1 1 1
=
2 64 8
1 n 1 1 6 1
= 3
2 2 2
1 n 1 1 9
=
2 2
.n - 1 = 9
.n = 10
5 4 2 81
. c) 405, - 135, 45, …… - .d) , , 1…….. ,
27 9 3 16
6
2.5 Find
a) The sum of the first n terms of geometric progressions
b) The sum of a specific number of consecutive terms of
geometric progressions
c) The value of n , given the sum of the first n terms of
geometric progressions.
EXERCISE 6:
Example :
2(1 ( 2) 7 )
.a) 2, - 4, 8,………… S7 = = 86
1 ( 2)
4
.a = 2 r= = -2
2
b) 5, 10, 20……….. S8
1 2 4 S6
d) x, x, x,….
3 9 27
7
2.5.2 The sum of a specific number of consecutive terms of geometric
progressions
EXERCISE 7:
Example 1
1
1 Tn =
.a) 4, 2, 1,………… 64
64 1 1
4 n 1
=
2 64
2 1
.a = 4 r= = 1 1 1
4 2 n 1
=
2 4 64
1 1 2
1
n 1
= 6
2 2 2
.n – 1 = 8
.n = 9
S9 =
4 1 1 / 2
9
= 7 63
1 1 / 2 64
3 1, 3, 9,……. 2187.
3
c) 24, 12, 6, …….
4
2.5.3 The value of n , given the sum of the first n terms of geometric
8
progressions.
EXERCISE 8 :
Example :
1 27
.a) The first and 4th tems of a geometric progression are and .
2 128
Find the value of r
Solution :
27
T4 =
128
1 3 27
(r ) =
2 128
27 �2 �
(r 3 ) = ��
128 �1 �
27 3
(r 3 ) = , Hence r =
64 4
1 1
b) The first and 6th tems of a geometric progression are 2 and 607 .
2 2
Find the value of r
2 22
c) The common ratio and 5th tems of a geometric progression are and 7 .
3 27
Find the value of a
9
2.4 Find :
a) the sum to infinity of geometric progressions
b) the first term or common ratio, given the sum to
infinity of geometric progressions.
S� = sum to infinity
a
S� = a = first term
1 r
r = common ratio
EXERCISE 9:
Example:
2 2
6, 2, , ,.......
3 9
a=6
2. 81, -27,9, ……..
2 1
r= =
6 3
10
a 1 1 1
S� = 3. , , ,....... ..
1 r 2 4 8
6
=
�1 �
1- �- �
�3 �
9
=
2
EXERCISE 10:
11
S� = 8
a
=8
1 r
2
=8
1 r
3
r=
4
b)
Tn = ar n 1
31
�3 �
=2 � �
�4 �
9
=
8
4. Express each of the recurring decimal below as a fraction in its simplest form.
12
Example: Example:
0.3…… 4.020202……
0.3…= 0.3 + 0.03 + 0.003 + ….. 4.020202... = 4 0.02 0.0002 0.000002 ...
0.3 0.02
= =4+
1 0.1 1-0.01
0.3 0.02
= =4+
0.9 0.99
1 2
= =4
3 99
a) 0.444……. c) 1.121212…..
b) 0.232323…… d) 5.070707…...
13
EXERCISE 11:
Solution:
a) a=16 , r=1.1
Tn = ar n 1
T10 = 16(1.1)9
= 37.73 m 2
b) S n > 1000
16 1.1n -1 > 1000
1.1-1
160(1.1n 1) > 1000
1.1n 1 > 6.25
1.1n > 7.25
log 1.1n > log 7.25
n log1.1 > log 7.25
log7.25
n >
log1.1
n >20.79
The smallest integer value of n is 21
hence,the number of the days needed to complete
the task is 21 days.
SPM QUESTIONS:
14
1. 2003 (Paper 1: No.8)
In a geometric progression, the first term is 64 and the fourth term is 27. Caculate
(a) the common ratio
(b) the sum to infinity of the geometric progression.
[4 marks]
2. 2004(Paper 1: No.9)
4
Given a geometric progression y , 2, , p,..... ,express p in terms of y.
y
3. 2004(Paper 1: No.12 )
15
Diagram 2 shows the arrangement of the first three of an infinite series of similar
triangles. The first triangle has a base of x cm and a height of y cm. The
measurements of the base and height of each subsequent triangle are half of
the measurements of its previous one.
y cm
xcm
Diagram 2
(a) Show that the areas of the triangles form a geometric progression and state
the common ratio. [3
marks]
(b) Given that x= 80 cm and y= 40 cm,
1
(i) determine which triangle has an area of 6 cm 2 ,
4
(ii) find the sum to infinity of the areas, in cm 2 , of the triangles. [5 marks]
The sum of the first n terms of the geometric progression 8,24,72,….is 8744.
Find
(a) the common ratio of the progression
(b) the value of n [4 marks]
ASSESSMENT:
3. The third term and the sixth term of a geometric progression are
27 and 8 respectively. Find the second term.
31
4. In a geometric progression, the sum of the first five terms is .
8
1
Given that the common ratio is . Find
2
(a) the first term
(b) the sum of all the terms from the fourth to the sixth term.
18
5. The third term of a geometric progression exceeds the second term
by 6 while the fourth term exceeds the third term by 2. Find the
sum of the first 5 terms.
ANSWERS:
EXERCISE 1: EXERCISE 2:
b) 3, 6, -12, 24 a) true
c) 4, 12, 36, 108 b) false
d) -6, 12, 124, 48 c) true
1 1 1 1 d) false
e) , , ,
2 6 18 54 e) true
19
y 4 y 2 16 y 3 64 y 4 f) true
f) , , , g) false
3 9 27 81
h) true
EXERCISE 3: EXERCISE 4:
b) x = -4 1
1. T 7 = -
c) x = 3 8
d) x = -12 @ x = 8 1
2. T 8 = -
2
26344
3. T 9 =
2304
4. T 3 = 32
b9
5. T 10 = 4
a
6. T 10 = 0.000021
EXERCISE 5: EXERCISE 6:
b) n = 9 b) 275
c) n = 8 1
c) 8
d) n = 7 64
665
d)
729
EXERCISE 7: EXERCISE 8:
c) n = 8, S 8 = 3280 b) r = 3
d) n = 9, S 9 = -1022 c)a = 3
1
e) n = 6, S 6 = 47
4
EXERCISE 9: EXERCISE 10:
1. 28.24 2. r=0.74
3 3. a=72
2. 60
4 4. a) 360 b) 7
3. 1 4
a)
9
23
b)
99
5.
4
c) 1
33
7
d) 5
99
ASSESSMENT:
27
1. a) x=3 b)
2
2. 8
1
3. 40
2
7
4. a) -2 b)
16
1
5. 40
3
21