SQL Interview Questions and Answers

Q. What is SQL?

Structured Query Language, an ANSI (American National

Standards Institute) standard language for accessing
databases.

Using SQL we can Access Oracle, Sybase, DB2, SQL Server,

MySQL, DB/400 and other Database Management Systems
Q. When SQL was appeared?

Structured Query Language appeared in 1974.

Q. What are the Usages of SQL?

• Creating new databases

• Creating new tables in a database
• Inserting records in a database
• Updating records in a database
• Deleting records from a database
• Retrieving data from a database
• Executing queries against a database
• Creating stored procedures in a database
• Creating views in a database
• Setting permissions on tables, procedures, and views
Etc…
Q. What is SQL Process?

When we are executing an SQL command for any RDBMS,

the system determines the best way to carry out our request
and SQL engine figures out how to interpret the task.
There are various components included in the process.
These components are Query Dispatcher, Optimization
engines, Classic Query Engine and SQL query engine etc.
Classic query engine handles all non-SQL queries but SQL
query engine won't handle logical files.
Q. Is SQL supports Programming?
No, SQL doesn’t have Conditional and Loop statements,
using SQL Commands we can access databases.
Q. What are the sub sets of SQL?

• Data Manipulation Language

• Data Definition Language
• Data Control Language
Q. What is Data Manipulation Language?

DML is a language which enables users to access and

manipulate data.

Data Manipulation Language is used to Perform below

Operations:
• Insertion of data into the database
• Retrieval of data from the database
• Updating data in the database
• Deletion of data in the database
Q. What is Data Definition Language?

Data Definition Language (DDL) allows us to create, alter,

and delete database objects such as schemas, tables, views,
sequences, catalogs, indexes, and aliases.
Q. What is Data Control Language?

Data Control Language (DCL) allows us to control access to

the database. 'DCL' commands include-
'GRANT' to allow specific users to perform specified tasks
'REVOKE' to cancel previously denied or granted
permissions
Q. What is MS Access?

MS Access was launched in 1992 by Microsoft Corporation as

part of MS Office.
Microsoft Access is entry-level database management
software. It is not only an inexpensive but also powerful
database for small-scale projects.
MS Access uses the Jet database engine which utilizes a
specific SQL language dialect (sometimes referred to as Jet
SQL).
MS Access comes with the professional edition of MS Office
package. MS Access is user friendly database management
system.
Q. What is Oracle?

Oracle is a relational database management system

developed by 'Oracle Corporation and launched in 1977.
Oracle supports all major Operating systems includes, MS
Windows. NetWare, UnixWare, OS/2 and most UNIX flavors.
Q. What is MS SQL Server?

MS SQL Server is a Relational Database Management

System developed by Microsoft Inc. Its primary query
languages are T-SQL and ANSI SQL.
Q. What is Sybase?

Sybase is a computer software company , their primary

product is Sybase DBMS, which is a relational database
management system based upon structured query
language.
Q. What is MySQL?

MySQL is open source Database Management System,

developed by Swedish company MySQL AB.
MySQL Supports many different platforms including
Microsoft Windows, the major Linux distributions, UNIX, and
Mac OS X.
MySQL has free and paid versions, depending on its usage
(non-commercial/commercial) and features. MySQL comes
with a very fast, multi-threaded, multi-user, and robust SQL
database server.

Q. What is DB2?
DB2 is the short name used for DATABASE 2. It is relational
database product developed by IBM. in 1983
Q. What is DB/400?
It is one of the flavors of IBM DB2
Q. What are the categories of operators available in
SQL?

• Arithmetic operators
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators

Q. What are Arithmetic operators in SQL?

Operator Description
+ (Addition ) Adds values
- (Subtraction) Subtracts Right side value from Left side
value
* Multiplies values on either side of the operator
(Multiplication)
/ (Division) Divides left hand operand by right hand
operand
% (Modulus) Divides left hand operand by right hand
operand and returns remainder

Q. What are Comparison operators in SQL?

For example x = 1, y= 2

Operator Example
= (x = y) is False
!= (x != y) is True.
<> (x <> y) is true.
> (x > y) is False
< (x < y) is True
>= (x >= y) is False
<= (x <= y) is True
!< (x !< y) is False
!> (x !> y) is True.
Note: Comparison Operators return Logical Results

Q. What are Logical operators in SQL?

Operator Description
-------- -----------
NOT Returns TRUE if the following condition is
FALSE. Returns FALSE if it is TRUE.
AND Returns TRUE if both component conditions are
TRUE. Returns FALSE if either is FALSE
OR Returns TRUE if either component condition is
TRUE. Returns FALSE if both are FALSE.

Q. What is a Data Relationship and What are they?

Database Relationship is the connection between the tables

in a database. There are 4 types of relationships, and they
are:

• One to One Relationship

• One to Many Relationship
• Many to One Relationship
• Many to Many Relationship

Q. What are Important Data Types in SQL?

Data Type Syntax

character char(x)
integer integer
numeric numeric(p,s)
decimal decimal(p,s)
float float(p)
date date
time time
character varchar2(x)
varying
 bit bit(x)
real real
smallint smallint

Q. How to Create a Database?

The SQL CREATE DATABASE statement is used to create

new SQL database.

Syntax:

CREATE DATABASE DatabaseName;

Example:

SQL> CREATE DATABASE TestData;

Q. How to delete a Database?

Using DROP DATABASE statement we can delete any

existing Database

Syntax:

DROP DATABASE DatabaseName;

Example:

SQL> DROP DATABASE TestData;

Q. How to Select a Database?

USE statement is used to select any existing database in

SQL

Syntax:
USE DatabaseName;

Example:

SQL> USE TestData;

Q. How to view all existing Databases list?

SQL> SHOW DATABASES;

Q. How to create a Table?

CREATE TABLE table_name(

column1 datatype,
column2 datatype,
column3 datatype,
.....
columnN datatype,
PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )
);

Q. How to delete a Table?

Using Drop Table we can delete a Table

Syntax:

DROP TABLE table_name;

Q. How to add new record into a Table?

Using INSERT INTO statement, we can insert new rows

Syntax:

INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME (column1, column2,

column3,...columnN)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...valueN)

Q. How to fetch data from a Database Table?

Using SELECT Statement, we can fetch data from a
Database Table

Syntax:

SELECT column1, column2, columnN FROM table_name;

Or

SELECT * FROM table_name;

SQL Interview Questions and Answers

Structured Query Language (SQL) developed by IBM in

1970s, It is used to communicate with Databases.

Most of the Databases Management Systems like Oracle,

Sybase, MS SQL Server, MySQL, IBM-DB2 etc... using SQL
for communication databases.

SQL knowledge is mandatory for Database developers as

well as Testers.

1) What are most important DDL Commands in SQL?

CREATE TABLE - creates a new database table

ALTER TABLE - alters (changes) a database table
DROP TABLE - deletes a database table
CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
DROP INDEX - deletes an index

2) What are the Operators used in SELECT

statements?

= Equal
<> or != Not equal

> Greater than

< Less than

>= Greater than or equal

<= Less than or equal

BETWEEN Between an inclusive range LIKE Search for a

pattern

3) How to INSERT Values into Tables?

INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2,....)

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2,...) VALUES

(value1, value2,....)

4) How to Update a Column Name?

UPDATE table_name SET column_name = new_value

WHERE column_name = some_value

5) How to Delete Columns, Rows?

Delete a particular column:

DELETE FROM table_name WHERE column_name =

some_value

Delete All Rows:

DELETE FROM table_name or DELETE * FROM table_name

6) Give an usage for BETWEEN ... AND?

SELECT column_name FROM table_name WHERE

column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2 The values can
be numbers, text, or dates.

7) What is the use of CASCADE CONSTRAINTS?

When this clause is used with the DROP command, a parent

table can be dropped even when a child table exists.

8) Why does the following command give a

compilation error?

DROP TABLE &TABLE NAME;

Variable names should start with an alphabet. Here the table

name starts with an '&' symbol.

9) Which system tables contain information on

privileges granted and privileges obtained?

USER_TAB_PRIVS_MADE, USER_TAB_PRIVS_RECD

10) Which system table contains information on

constraints on all the tables created?obtained?

USER_CONSTRAINTS.

11) State true or false. EXISTS, SOME, ANY are

operators in SQL?

True.

12) What does the following query do?

SELECT SAL + NVL(COMM,0) FROM EMP;?

This displays the total salary of all employees. The null
values in the commission column will be replaced by 0 and
added to salary.

13) What is the advantage of specifying WITH GRANT

OPTION in the GRANT command?

The privilege receiver can further grant the privileges he/she

has obtained from the owner to any other user.

14) Which command executes the contents of a

specified file?

START or @.

15) Which command displays the SQL command in the

SQL buffer, and then executes it?

RUN.

16) What command is used to get back the privileges

offered by the GRANT command?

REVOKE.

17) Which date function is used to find the difference

between two dates?

MONTHS_BETWEEN.

18) What operator performs pattern matching?

LIKE operator.

19) What is the use of the DROP option in the ALTER

TABLE command?

It is used to drop constraints specified on the table.

20) What operator tests column for the absence of
data?

IS NULL operator.

21) What are the privileges that can be granted on a

table by a user to others?

Insert, update, delete, select, references, index, execute,

alter, all.

22) Which function is used to find the largest integer

less than or equal to a specific value?

FLOOR.

23) Which is the subset of SQL commands used to

manipulate Oracle Database structures, including
tables?

Data Definition Language (DDL).

24) What is the use of DESC in SQL?

DESC has two purposes. It is used to describe a schema as

well as to retrieve rows from table in descending order.

Explanation :

The query SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY ENAME DESC will

display the output sorted on ENAME in descending order.

25) What command is used to create a table by

copying the structure of another table?

CREATE TABLE .. AS SELECTcommand

Explanation:
To copy only the structure, the WHERE clause of the SELECT
command should contain a FALSE statement as in the
following.

CREATE TABLE NEWTABLE AS SELECT * FROM

EXISTINGTABLE WHERE 1=2;

If the WHERE condition is true, then all the rows or rows

satisfying the condition will be copied to the new table.

26) What is the output of the following query SELECT

TRUNC(1234.5678,-2) FROM DUAL;?

1200.

27) What are the wildcards used for pattern

matching.?

_ for single character substitution

% for multi-character substitution.

28) What's an SQL injection?

SQL Injection is when form data contains an SQL escape

sequence and injects a new SQL query to be run.

29) What is difference between TRUNCATE & DELETE?

TRUNCATE commits after deleting entire table i.e., cannot be

rolled back. Database triggers do not fire on TRUNCATE

DELETE allows the filtered deletion. Deleted records can be

rolled back or committed. Database triggers fire on DELETE.

30) What is a join? Explain the different types of

joins?
Join is a query, which retrieves related columns or rows from
multiple tables.

Self Join - Joining the table with itself.

Equi Join - Joining two tables by equating two common

columns. Non-Equi Join - Joining two tables by equating two
common columns.

Outer Join - Joining two tables in such a way that query can
also retrieve rows that do not have corresponding join value
in the other table.

31) What is the sub-query?

Sub-query is a query whose return values are used in

filtering conditions of the main query.

32) What is correlated sub-query?

Correlated sub-query is a sub-query, which has reference to

the main query.

33) Explain CONNECT BY PRIOR?

Retrieves rows in hierarchical order eg. select empno,

ename from emp where.

34) Difference between SUBSTR and INSTR?

INSTR (String1, String2 (n, (m)),

INSTR returns the position of the m-th occurrence of the

string 2 in string1. The search begins from nth position of
string1.

SUBSTR (String1 n, m)
SUBSTR returns a character string of size m in string1,
starting from n-th position of string1.

35) Explain UNION, MINUS, UNION ALL and

INTERSECT?

INTERSECT - returns all distinct rows selected by both

queries.

MINUS - returns all distinct rows selected by the first query

but not by the second.

UNION - returns all distinct rows selected by either query

UNION ALL - returns all rows selected by either

query,including all duplicates.

36) What is ROWID?

ROWID is a pseudo column attached to each row of a table.

It is 18 characters long, blockno, rownumber are the
components of ROWID.

37) What is the fastest way of accessing a row in a

table?

Using ROWID. CONSTRAINTS

38) What is an integrity constraint?

Integrity constraint is a rule that restricts values to a column

in a table.

39) What is referential integrity constraint?

Maintaining data integrity through a set of rules that restrict

the values of one or more columns of the tables based on
the values of primary key or unique key of the referenced
table.

SQL Queries

Create the following Tables:

LOCATION
Location_ID Regional_Group
122 NEW YORK
123 DALLAS
124 CHICAGO
167 BOSTON

DEPARTMENT
Department_ID Name Location_ID
10 ACCOUNTING 122
20 RESEARCH 124
30 SALES 123
40 OPERATIONS 167

JOB
Job_ID Function
667 CLERK
668 STAFF
669 ANALYST
670 SALESPERSON
671 MANAGER
672 PRESIDENT
 EMPLOYEE
EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME FIRST_NAME MIDDLE_NAME JOB_ID MANA
7369 SMITH JOHN Q 667 7
7499 ALLEN KEVIN J 670 7
7505 DOYLE JEAN K 671 7
7506 DENNIS LYNN S 671 7
7507 BAKER LESLIE D 671 7
7521 WARK CYNTHIA D 670 7

Queries based on the above tables:

Simple Queries:

1. List all the employee details

2. List all the department details
3. List all job details
4. List all the locations
5. List out first name,last name,salary, commission for all
employees
6. List out employee_id,last name,department id for all
employees and rename employee id as “ID of the
employee”, last name as “Name of the employee”,
department id as “department ID”
7. List out the employees anuual salary with their names
only.

Where Conditions:

8. List the details about “SMITH”

9. List out the employees who are working in department
20
 10. List out the employees who are earning salary
between 3000 and 4500
11. List out the employees who are working in
department 10 or 20
12. Find out the employees who are not working in
department 10 or 30
13. List out the employees whose name starts with
“S”
14. List out the employees whose name start with “S”
and end with “H”
15. List out the employees whose name length is 4
and start with “S”
16. List out the employees who are working in
department 10 and draw the salaries more than 3500
17. list out the employees who are not receiving
commission.

Order By Clause:

18. List out the employee id, last name in ascending

order based on the employee id.
19. List out the employee id, name in descending
order based on salary column
20. list out the employee details according to their
last_name in ascending order and salaries in
descending order
21. list out the employee details according to their
last_name in ascending order and then on
department_id in descending order.

Group By & Having Clause:

 22. How many employees who are working in different
departments wise in the organization
23. List out the department wise maximum salary,
minimum salary, average salary of the employees
24. List out the job wise maximum salary, minimum
salary, average salaries of the employees.
25. List out the no.of employees joined in every
month in ascending order.
26. List out the no.of employees for each month and
year, in the ascending order based on the year, month.
27. List out the department id having atleast four
employees.
28. How many employees in January month.
29. How many employees who are joined in January
or September month.
30. How many employees who are joined in 1985.
31. How many employees joined each month in 1985.
32. How many employees who are joined in March
1985.
33. Which is the department id, having greater than or
equal to 3 employees joined in April 1985.

Sub-Queries

34. Display the employee who got the maximum

salary.
35. Display the employees who are working in Sales
department
36. Display the employees who are working as
“Clerk”.
37. Display the employees who are working in “New
York”
 38. Find out no.of employees working in “Sales”
department.
39. Update the employees salaries, who are working
as Clerk on the basis of 10%.
40. Delete the employees who are working in
accounting department.
41. Display the second highest salary drawing
employee details.
42. Display the Nth highest salary drawing employee
details

Sub-Query operators: (ALL,ANY,SOME,EXISTS)

43. List out the employees who earn more than every
employee in department 30.
44. List out the employees who earn more than the
lowest salary in department 30.
45. Find out whose department has not employees.
46. Find out which department does not have any
employees.

Co-Related Sub Queries:

47.Find out the employees who earn greater than the

average salary for their department.

JOINS
Simple join

48.List our employees with their department names

 49.Display employees with their designations (jobs)
50.Display the employees with their department name
and regional groups.
51.How many employees who are working in different
departments and display with department name.
52.How many employees who are working in sales
department.
53.Which is the department having greater than or equal to 5
employees and display the department names in ascending
order.
54.How many jobs in the organization with designations.
55.How many employees working in “New York”.

Non – Equi Join:

56.Display employee details with salary grades.

57.List out the no. of employees on grade wise.
58.Display the employ salary grades and no. of employees
between 2000 to 5000 range of salary.

Self Join:

59.Display the employee details with their manager

names.
60.Display the employee details who earn more than their
managers salaries.
61.Show the no. of employees working under every
manager.

Outer Join:

61.Display employee details with all departments.

 62.Display all employees in sales or operation
departments.

Set Operators:

63.List out the distinct jobs in Sales and Accounting

Departments.
64.List out the ALL jobs in Sales and Accounting
Departments.
65.List out the common jobs in Research and Accounting
Departments in ascending order.
 Answers

1. SQL > Select * from employee;

2. SQL > Select * from department;
3. SQL > Select * from job;
4. SQL > Select * from loc;
5. SQL > Select first_name, last_name, salary,
commission from employee;
6. SQL > Select employee_id “id of the employee”,
last_name “name", department id as “department id”
from employee;
7. SQL > Select last_name, salary*12 “annual salary”
from employee
8. SQL > Select * from employee where
last_name=’SMITH’;
9. SQL > Select * from employee where
department_id=20
10. SQL > Select * from employee where salary
between 3000 and 4500
11. SQL > Select * from employee where
department_id in (20,30)
12. SQL > Select last_name, salary, commission,
department_id from employee where department_id
not in (10,30)
13. SQL > Select * from employee where last_name
like ‘S%’
14. SQL > Select * from employee where last_name
like ‘S%H’
15. SQL > Select * from employee where last_name
like ‘S___’
16. SQL > Select * from employee where
department_id=10 and salary>3500
17. SQL > Select * from employee where commission
is Null
18. SQL > Select employee_id, last_name from
employee order by employee_id
19. SQL > Select employee_id, last_name, salary
from employee order by salary desc
20. SQL > Select employee_id, last_name, salary
from employee order by last_name, salary desc
21. SQL > Select employee_id, last_name, salary
from employee order by last_name, department_id
desc
22. SQL > Select department_id, count(*), from
employee group by department_id
23. SQL > Select department_id, count(*),
max(salary), min(salary), avg(salary) from employee
group by department_id
24. SQL > Select job_id, count(*), max(salary),
min(salary), avg(salary) from employee group by
job_id
25. SQL > Select to_char(hire_date,’month’)month,
count(*) from employee group by
to_char(hire_date,’month’) order by month
26. SQL > Select to_char(hire_date,’yyyy’) Year,
to_char(hire_date,’mon’) Month, count(*) “No. of
employees” from employee group by
to_char(hire_date,’yyyy’), to_char(hire_date,’mon’)
27. SQL > Select department_id, count(*) from
employee group by department_id having count(*)>=4
28. SQL > Select to_char(hire_date,’mon’) month,
count(*) from employee group by
 to_char(hire_date,’mon’) having
to_char(hire_date,’mon’)=’jan’
29. SQL > Select to_char(hire_date,’mon’) month,
count(*) from employee group by
to_char(hire_date,’mon’) having
to_char(hire_date,’mon’) in (‘jan’,’sep’)
30. SQL > Select to_char(hire_date,’yyyy’) Year,
count(*) from employee group by
to_char(hire_date,’yyyy’) having
to_char(hire_date,’yyyy’)=1985
31. SQL > Select to_char(hire_date,’yyyy’)Year,
to_char(hire_date,’mon’) Month, count(*) “No. of
employees” from employee where
to_char(hire_date,’yyyy’)=1985 group by
to_char(hire_date,’yyyy’),to_char(hire_date,’mon’)
32. SQL > Select to_char(hire_date,’yyyy’)Year,
to_char(hire_date,’mon’) Month, count(*) “No. of
employees” from employee where
to_char(hire_date,’yyyy’)=1985 and
to_char(hire_date,’mon’)=’mar’ group by
to_char(hire_date,’yyyy’),to_char(hire_date,’mon’)
33. SQL > Select department_id, count(*) “No. of
employees” from employee where
to_char(hire_date,’yyyy’)=1985 and
to_char(hire_date,’mon’)=’apr’ group by
to_char(hire_date,’yyyy’), to_char(hire_date,’mon’),
department_id having count(*)>=3
34. SQL > Select * from employee where
salary=(select max(salary) from employee)
35. SQL > Select * from employee where
department_id IN (select department_id from
department where name=’SALES’)
36. SQL > Select * from employee where job_id in
(select job_id from job where function=’CLERK’
37. SQL > Select * from employee where
department_id=(select department_id from department
where location_id=(select location_id from location
where regional_group=’New York’))
38. SQL > Select * from employee where
department_id=(select department_id from department
where name=’SALES’ group by department_id)
39. SQL > Update employee set salary=salary*10/100
wehre job_id=(select job_id from job where
function=’CLERK’)
40. SQL > delete from employee where
department_id=(select department_id from department
where name=’ACCOUNTING’)
41. SQL > Select * from employee where
salary=(select max(salary) from employee where
salary <(select max(salary) from employee))
42. SQL > Select distinct e.salary from employee
where & no-1=(select count(distinct salary) from
employee where sal>e.salary)
43. SQL > Select * from employee where salary > all
(Select salary from employee where
department_id=30)
44. SQL > Select * from employee where salary > any
(Select salary from employee where
department_id=30)
45. SQL > Select employee_id, last_name,
department_id from employee e where not exists
(select department_id from department d where
d.department_id=e.department_id)
46. SQL > Select name from department d where not
exists (select last_name from employee e where
d.department_id=e.department_id)
47. SQL > Select employee_id, last_name, salary,
department_id from employee e where salary > (select
 avg(salary) from employee where
department_id=e.department_id)
48. SQL > Select employee_id, last_name, name from
employee e, department d where
e.department_id=d.department_id
49. SQL > Select employee_id, last_name, function
from employee e, job j where e.job_id=j.job_id
50. SQL > Select employee_id, last_name, name,
regional_group from employee e, department d,
location l where e.department_id=d.department_id and
d.location_id=l.location_id
51. SQL > Select name, count(*) from employee e,
department d where d.department_id=e.department_id
group by name
52. SQL > Select name, count(*) from employee e,
department d where d.department_id=e.department_id
group by name having name=’SALES’
53. SQL > Select name, count(*) from employee e,
department d where d.department_id=e.department_id
group by name having count (*)>=5 order by name
54. SQL > Select function, count(*) from employee e,
job j where j.job_id=e.job_id group by function
55. SQL > Select regional_group, count(*) from
employee e, department d, location l where
e.department_id=d.department_id and
d.location_id=l.location_id and regional_group=’NEW
YORK’ group by regional_group
56. SQL > Select employee_id, last_name, grade_id
from employee e, salary_grade s where salary between
lower_bound and upper_bound order by last_name
57. SQL > Select grade_id, count(*) from employee e,
salary_grade s where salary between lower_bound and
upper_bound group by grade_id order by grade_id desc
58. SQL > Select grade_id, count(*) from employee e,
salary_grade s where salary between lower_bound and
upper_bound and lower_bound>=2000 and
lower_bound<=5000 group by grade_id order by
grade_id desc
59. SQL > Select e.last_name emp_name,
m.last_name, mgr_name from employee e, employee
m where e.manager_id=m.employee_id
60. SQL > Select e.last_name emp_name, e.salary
emp_salary, m.last_name, mgr_name, m.salary
mgr_salary from employee e, employee m where
e.manager_id=m.employee_id and m.salary
61. SQL > Select m.manager_id, count(*) from
employee e, employee m where
e.employee_id=m.manager_id group by m.manager_id
62. SQL > Select last_name, d.department_id,
d.name from employee e, department d where
e.department_id(+)=d.department_id
63. SQL > Select last_name, d.department_id,
d.name from employee e, department d where
e.department_id(+)=d.department_id and
d.department_idin (select department_id from
department where name IN (‘SALES’,’OPERATIONS’))
64. SQL > Select function from job where job_id in
(Select job_id from employee where
department_id=(select department_id from department
where name=’SALES’)) union Select function from job
where job_id in (Select job_id from employee where
department_id=(select department_id from department
where name=’ACCOUNTING’))
65. SQL > Select function from job where job_id in
(Select job_id from employee where
department_id=(select department_id from department
where name=’SALES’)) union all Select function from
job where job_id in (Select job_id from employee
 where department_id=(select department_id from
department where name=’ACCOUNTING’))
66. SQL > Select function from job where job_id in
(Select job_id from employee where
department_id=(select department_id from department
where name=’RESEARCH’)) intersect Select function
from job where job_id in (Select job_id from employee
where department_id=(select department_id from
department where name=’ACCOUNTING’)) order by
function