Medieval & Modern History By Abhishek Suman Sir

ILL
W
Prohistoric
1. Indus Valley Civilisation
2. Vedic Civilisation
Islam
ER
Founder – Hazrat Mohammad Sahab
Birth – 570 A.D in Macca
Enlightment – 610 – Enlightment in Heera cave (7th century)
– 622 – AD He shifted Macca to Madhina
RE

622 – Hizri Samvat

4- mÙkjkf/kdkjh
CA

1 2 3 4
Abu Baker Umar Usman Ali
Suni ¼lqUuh½ Shiya ¼f'k;k½
Son – Hussain
Moharram
¼gqlSu dh e`R;q ij½

By Abhishek Suman Sir

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 Medieval India ¼eè;dkyhu Hkkjr½
Hkkjr esa vjcks dk vkØe.k
1- eksgEen fcu dkfle ¼712 & 714½
• Hkkjr ij vkØe.k djus okyk igyk eqfLye FkkA blus fla/kq ij vkØe.k djds nkfgj ¼fgUnq 'kkld½
uked 'kkld dks gjk;k FkkA
• Hkkjr esa tft;k dj yxkus okyk igyk eqfLye fkkA
1 2
¼dqy vk; dk ls Hkkx rd½
2 3
fodykax] fo/kok o czkã.kksa dks ugha nsuk gksrk FkkA
• blus Hkkjr esa Lo.kZ flDds pyk;s ftUgs fnjge (UAE) dh flDds dgrs gSA
Books

rqdZ vkØe.k
1. Mohmood Gajnavi egewn xtuoh (1000 – 1027)

Central Asia 
 Ghazni  Founder Alaptgin 
 Ghazni Dynesty  Slave Subuktigin

(Present Afganis tan) 

Mehmood Ghaznavi 998
• ¼1000 &1027½ rd esa blus Hkkjr ij 17 ckj vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1st – igyk vkØe.k 1000 esa is'kkoj ds 'kkld t;iky ij fd;kA
– 1001 A.D esa t;iky dks gjk;kA
– 1006 A.D esa fgekpy izns'k ds Nagarkot Temple ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1008 A.D esa vkuUn iky t;iky ds csVs dks gjk;kA
• 1011-12 esa blus eFkqjk vkSj mTtSu ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1014 Sthaneshwas (Chakrna Swami (Lord Krishna dh ewfrZ dks [kafMr djok;k )
Mahadev eafnj ¼gfj;k.kk½ ij vkØe.k fd;kA

By Abhishek Suman Sir

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 • blus 16ok¡ vkØe.k lkseukFk eafnj ¼xqtjkr½ ij fd;kA (1025 AD es)a ml le; xqtjkr dk 'kkld
Hkhe&izFke Fkk tks pkyqD; oa'k dk FkkA
• 1027 blus viuk vkf[kjh vkØe.k tkVks ij fd;k FkkA
• 1030 esa bldh e`R;q gks x;h FkhA
• lkseukFk eafnj dks igyh ckj iRFkjks ls Hkhe izFke us cuok;k FkkA
• og lqYrku vkSj xkth dh mikf/k /kkj.k djus okyk igyk 'kkld FkkA
Writer–
1. Al Baruni – 1014 esa Hkkjr vk;k FkkA
Book – Kitab-Ul-Hindi/ Tehqiq-E-Hind
2. Book  Shahnama
Firdausi 

3. Book
Utabi   Chachnama (Persion language)

4. Book
Vehaqi    Tariq  E  Subukdin
2. Mohammad Ghori ¼eksgEen xkSjh½ & 1175-1206
• 1st vkØe.k eqYrku ds djek;h tkfr ds eqlyekuksa ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1178 blus xqtjkr ij vkØe.k fd;kA

• 1178& esa Moolrong-II us Mohammad Ghari dks Mount Abu ¼fnyokM+k dk tSu eafnj½ esa
ijkftr fd;kA
• 1179& esa blus Sindh vkSj Kashmir ij vkØe.k fd;kA

• 1191 –1st Battle of Tarain

• 1192 – 2nd Battle of Tarain
• 1193 – esa Mohammad Ghari us Delhi dks viuh jkt/kkuh cuk;kA

By Abhishek Suman Sir

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 • 1192 – khwaja Moinuddin Chisti vtesj esa viuh dqfV;k cukbZA
• 1194 – Battle of Chandawar b/w Mohammad Ghori & Jaichand Mohammad
Ghori defeated and killed Jaichand.
Slave1 SoninLaw Qutubuddin Aibak (1)
Mohammad Ghori  & 
Slave 2
  Yaldauj (2)
Slave 3
 Kubacha (3)
Slave 4
  Bakhtiyar Khilji (4)

1204-04 esa ukyank fo'ofo|ky; dks
u"V djukA bldh Lfkkiuk xqIr oa'k ds
'kkld dqekj xqIr us 413 bZ- esa dh FkhA
(Oldest University) of present
India
• 1194 esa dqOor&my&bLyke efLtn fnYyh esa
• v<+kbZ fnu dk ¼efLtn½ >ksiM+k vtesj esa ;s nksuksa efLtn Muhammad bin aibak us cuok;k
FkkA
• dqrqcqnhu ,scd ds xq: & Qutubbdin Baktiyar Alkaki bUgha ds uke ij 1199 esa dqrqcehukj
dk fuekZ.k 'kq: djok;k rFkk bldks iw.kZ djkus okyk 1229 esa bYrqrfe'k FkkA
• 1206 esa eksgEen xksjh dh e`R;q ds ckn ,scd dks Hkkjr dk 'kklu feykA rFkk
Yalduj dks – Ghazni dk 'kklu
Kubacha dks – dkcqy vkSj dangkj
Delhi Sultanate – fnYyh lYrur ¼1206 & 1526½
1. Slave Dynasty & xqyke oa'k & 1206&1290
• Qutubbudin Aibak (1206 – 10)
• bldh igyh jkt/kkuh ykgkSj FkhA
• 'kkld cuus ds ckn blus viuh turk esa yk[kks :i;s dk nku fd;kA blfy, ykgkSj dh turk us
bls yk[kEc'k dh mikf/k nhA
• ,scd dk eryc pUnzek dk nsork gksrk gSA
• ;g bfrgkl dk bdykSrk 'kkld Fkk ftlus dHkh Hkh flagklu dk bLrseky ugha fd;kA
• blus vius xqyke bYrqrfe'k dks cnk;q¡ dk jkT;iky fu;qDr fd;kA
• 1210 bZ- esa pkSxku (Polo) [ksyrs le; ?kksM+s ls fxjdj bldh e`R;q gqbZA
• bldk edcjk ykgkSj esa gSA
• 1210& bZ esa bldk csVk vkjke'kkg xn~nh ij cSBkA

By Abhishek Suman Sir

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 • 1211 esa bYrqrfey'k us vkjk'kkg dh e`R;q dh vkSj xqykeoa'k dk vxyk 'kkld cukA
2. Illutamish bYrqrfe'k (1211 – 1236)
• ;g Hkkjr dk igyk lqYrku FkkA D;ksafd bls lqYrku dh mikf/k [kyhtk ls izkIr gqbZ FkhA vkf[kjh
lqYrku bczkfge yksnh FkkA
• 1205 esa Yaldaug us Iltutamish ij vkØe.k fd;k vkSj rjkbZu dk rhljk ;q) yM+k x;kA
• bl ;q) esa Iltutamish us Yaldauj dks ijkftr fd;kA
• 1221 esa paxst [kk¡ ¼rSefw pu & eaxksfy;k½ dk vkØe.k gqvkA
• blus pk¡nh ,oa rkacs ds flDds pyok;k ftlesa pk¡nh ds flDds dks Vdk rFkk rkacs dks ftry dgk¡
tkrk FkkA (Regular currency)
• bYrqrfe'k esa Turkan-E-Chahalgani/Dal-Chalisa pyok;kA
• blus bDrk izFkk & ¼;q) esa thrs x;s tehuksa dks lSfudksa esa ckaV fn;k tkrk FkkA½ dh Hkh 'kq:vkr dh
FkhA 
izkIr & bLrsnkj dgykrs Fks] rFkk dj olwyus dks bErsnkjh dgk¡ tkrk FkkA
• 1229 esa bYrqrfe'k us dqrqcehukj dk fuekZ.k iwjk djok;k rFkk blus viuh jkt/kkuh dks ykgkSj ls
fnYyh Lfkkukarfjr fd;kA
• bYrqrfe'k us viuk mÙkjkf/kdkjh viuh csVh jft;k dks ?kksf"kr fd;kA
• 1236 esa bYrqrfe'k dh e`R;q gks xbZA
• bldk edcjk fnYyh ds dqrqcehukj ifjlj esa gSA
• 1236 esa bYrqrfe'k dh ?kks"k.kk ds fo:) tkdj bldk cM+k csVk & Rukudin Ferozshah
flagklu ij cSBkA
3. Rajia Sultan (1236 – 40)
• ;g fnYyh dh izFke vkSj ,dek= efgyk 'kkld FkhA
• blus Aitgin ,rfxu dks  Badayun dk bErsnkj rFkk
Altuniya vYrqfu;k dks  Bhatinda dk bErsnkj cuk;kA
• Yakut khan  Amir-E-Aakhoor vkehj&,&vk[kwj ¼'kkgh vLrcy dk ea=h½

jft;k lqYrku dk izseh

• 1240 esa vYrqfu;k us jft;k lqYrku ds f[kykQ fonzksg fd;kA

• vYrqfu;k us ;kdwr [kku dh gR;k dh vkSj jft;k lqYrku dks dSn dj fy;kA
• bl fonzksg ds ckn 1240 esa ny pkyhlk ¼cgjke'kkg½ us jft;k lqYrku vkSj vYrqfu;k dh gR;k dSFky
esa dhA
• jft;k lqYrku dk edcjk gfj;k.kk ds dSFky esa gSA
4. Bahram Shah (1240 – 42)

By Abhishek Suman Sir

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 5. Nasiruddin Mahmood (1246 – 1265)
• blus cyoar dks othj fu;qDr fd;kA
• vkSj cyoar dks mywe [kk¡ dh mikf/k fn;kA
6. Gyasuddin Balban (1265 – 1287)
• lqYrku cuus ds ckn cycu us Þny pkyhlkß dk var fd;kA
• cycu us fnYyh esa ÞykSg ,oa jDrß dh uhfr pyokbZA
Note – Germany esa ykSg ,oa jDr dh uhfr Bismark us pykbZ FkhA
• blh us flTnk ikbusl izFkk pykbZ FkhA vkSjaxtsc us bls [kRe fd;kA
• cycu us uojkSt R;ksgkj dks eukus dh 'kq:vkr dhA Qkjlh & ¼bZjku½ uo o"kZ dks gh uojkst dgrs
gSaA
• bl ykSgkj dks vkSjaxtsc }kjk [kRe fd;k x;k FkkA
• 1287 esa eaxksyksa dk rhljh ckj vkØe.k gqvk vkSj bl vkØe.k esa cycu dk csVk 'kgtknk eksgEen
ekjk x;kA
• 1827 esa cycu vius iq= dh e`R;q ls nq[kh gksdj bldh e`R;q gks x;hA
7. Quiqubad (1287 – 1290)
• Malik Firoj us dSdqckn dk fo'okl thr dj Punjab dk bDrsnkj cu x;kA
• Malik Firoj us 1290 esa dSdckn dh gR;k djkdj dSlqlZ dks xn~nh ij cSBk;kA
• 1290 esa dSlqlZ dks Malik Firoz }kjk xn~nh ls gVk;k x;kA
• Malik Firoz us f[kyth oa'k dh Lfkkiuk dhA ;g rqdZ dk FkkA
Khilji Dynesty – f[kyth oa'k (1290 – 1320)
1. Jalaluddin Firoj Khilji – 1290 – 96
• bldk okLrfod uke efyd fQjkst FkkA
• 1293 esa blus Devgiri ds 'kkld jkepUnz nso ij vkØe.k fd;kA ;g nf{k.k esa eqlyekuksa dk igyk
vkØe.k FkkA
• Jalaluddin Firoj Khilji dk Hkrhtk Alaluddin Khilji ¼vyh xqj'kkL;½ Kara
(Kaushambl-UP) dk bDrsnkj FkkA
• 1296 esa eaxksyksa dk pkSFkh ckj vkØe.k gqvkA
• vkSj bl vfHk;ku ij tykyqíhu us vykmíhu dks HkstkA
• vykÅíhu us bl vkØe.k esa eaxksys dks ijkftr fd;kA
• eaxksy ds 2000 lSfud fnYyh esa gh :d x;s vkSj tykyqíhu us bldk /keZ eqfLye esa cnyok fn;kA
vkSj fnYyh esa buds jgus ds fy, ,d 'kgj eqxyiqj clk;kA ;gh uohu eqfLye dgyk,¡A
• ;g 2000 lSfud ckS) /keZ ds vuq;k;h FksA
• 1296 esa vykmíhu us tykyqíhu f[kyth dh gR;k djkbZ vkSj fnYyh dk vxyk lqYrku cukA
Albuddin Khilji 1296 & 1316

By Abhishek Suman Sir

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 • laLÑr ds tks/kiqj vfHkys[k esa bldh rqyuk nsork ls dh x;h gSA
• ;g fnYyh lYru esa LFkkbZ lsuk j[kus okyk izFke lqYrku Fkk vkSj blh us lsuk dks udn osru nsus
dh 'kq:vkr dh FkhA
• vkehj [kqljksa & (Birth – Patiali, Kashgang, U.P) blds njckj dks izfl) dfo FksA
& rksrk&,&fgUn
& Sitar vkSj Tabla cuk;k
& [kM+h cksyh
& dOokyh x;dh
& bUgksua s Kashmir dks /kjrh dk LoxZ dgk (Paradise of Earth)
Note:-
1- Khajjair dks Hkkjr dk Switzerland dgk tkrk gSA
2- Mahatma Gandhi ds fy, Hkkjr dk Switzerland Kaushoni (U.K) gSA
• vehj [kqljks us [kelk&,&[kqljks uked Book fy[khA
• bUgksaus cycu ds 'kkludky ls gh vius dfo thou dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• ;g cycu ls ysdj eksgEen fcu rqxyd rd ds 'kkludky esa FksA
• bUgksaus vykíhu f[kyth dks lqYrku&,&tgku dh mikf/k nhA
• ;g futkmíhu vkSfy;k ds f'k"; FksA
• 1298 esa vykmíhu f[kyth xqtjkr vfHk;ku ij x;kA
• ;g xqtjkr ls efyd dkQwj ¼fdUuj½ dks [kjhn dj yk;kA
• bldks 1000 esa [kjhnk x;k blfy, bls 1000 fnukjh dgrs gSA
• eyhd dkQwj bldk lsukifr FkkA
• 1303 esa Allauddin Khilji Chittor Mission ij x;kA
• inekor~ miU;kl esa bldk o.kZu ns[kus dks feyrk gSA
• inekor~ miU;kl & Malik Mohammad Jaysi (1540 – 1545) esa fy[kh FkhA
• 'ksj'kkg lwjh ds 'kkludky esa fy[kk FkkA
• 1306 esa Allauddin Khilji us viuk South India Mission dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• bl vfHk;ku ij blls Malik Kataar dks HkstkA
• 1308 esa Malik Katar us Telangana ds 'kkld Pratap Rudra dev (Kakatiya dynesty)
ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• Malik Katar us Pratap Rudra Dev ls Kohinoor heera (diamond) izkIr fd;kA
• ;g ghjk lcls igys vykmíhu f[kyth dks feyk FkkA
• ;g ghjk xksydqat ¼gSnjkckn½ ls fudkyk x;k FkkA
• nf{k.k Hkkjr rd lkezkT; dk foLrkj djus ds ckn Allauddin Khilji us Sikander-E-Sani
(Alxender-2) dh mikf/k /kkj.k dhA

By Abhishek Suman Sir

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 • blds ckn blus turk ij tft;k (Non-Muslim) vkSj tdkr (Muslim nsrs Fks) yxk;kA
• blds vykok Hkh blus fuEu dj yxk;s&
1. House Tax – /kjbZ
2. Agriculture Tax – Ñf"k dj
3. Eargation Tax – flapkbZ dj
4. Animals feeding Tax – pjbZ dj
• blus ,d dj foHkkx cuk;kA ftls Diwan-E-Moosat Kharaj' dgk tkrk FkkA
• blus Masahat System dh 'kq:vkr dhA Hkwfe ukius dh izFkk dks Masahat System dgrs FksA
• cktkjksa esa oLrqvksa dk ewY; fu/kkZfjr djus okyk ;g izFke lqYrku FkkA
• blus gh Huliya-Dog-System dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• bl izFkk dks 'ksj'kkg lwjh us Hkh viuk;k FkkA
• blus fnYyh esa fuEu Lekjd cuok;s&
1- vykbZ feukj
2- vykbZ njoktk
3- f'kjh dk feyk
4- gkSt&[kkl
• 1316 esa Allauddin Khilji dh e`R;q gqbZ FkhA bldk edcjk fnYyh esa gSA
Mubarak Shah Khilji 1316 – 1320
• efgykvksa ds diM+s ;k fcuk diM+s xgus gh njckj esa vk tk;k djrk FkkA
• ;g [kqn dks [kyhQk ?kksf"kr djus okyk fnYyh dk ,dek= 'kkld FkkA
• 1320 esa xkth efyd us bls flagklu ls gVkdj rqxyd oa'k dh LFkkiuk dhA
Tughlaq Dynesty – (1320 – 1414)
1. Giyassuddin Tughlaq (1320 – 1325)
• blh us Delhi esa rqyxydkckn uked 'kgj dh LFkkiuk dhA
• flapkbZ ds fy, ugjksa dk fuekZ.k djokus okyk igyk 'kkld FkkA
• blus 1323 esa vius csVs Jauna Khan dks Telengana Mission ij Hkstk vkSj blus
Telangana dks Tughlaq jkT; esa feyk;k vkSj rsyaxkuk dk uke cnydj Sultapur j[kkA
• gtjr&fetkeqíhu & (Mehboob-E-Ilani) vkSfy;k uked lwQh lar blds njckj esa FksA
• 1325 esa cqxkjk [kku ¼caxky dk bLrsnkj½ us fnYyh ds lYrur ds f[kykQ fonzksg dj fn;kA
• 1325 esa ydM+h ds egy esa X;klqíhu rqxyd dh gR;k dj nh x;hA bldk edcjk fnYyh ds
rqxydkckn esa gSA
• bldh e`R;q ds ckn bldk csFk tkSu [kku vxyk 'kkld cukA
2. Mohammad Bin Tughlaq (1325 – 1351)
• okLrfod uke & tkSuk [kku

By Abhishek Suman Sir

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 • bls ikxy lqYrku dgk tkrk gSA
• ;g vjch vkSj Qkjlh Hkk"kk dk egku fo}ku FkkA
• blds 'kkludky esa 1330 bZ- esa nf{k.k vÝhdk ;k=h ¼eksjDdks dk½ bCcucrwrk blds njckj esa vk;k
FkkA
• blus bCucrwrk dks viuk Qkjlh fu;qDr fd;kA
• vkSj bCucrwrk us jgsyk uked iqLrd fy[khA
• jsgyk ds vuqlkj d'ehj] CywfpLrku o jktiwrkuk dks NksM+dj lEiw.kZ fgUnqLrku ij Mohammad
bin Tughlaq dk 'kklu FkkA
• fnYyh lYrur esa lcls cM+h osru izkIr lsuk blh dh FkhA
• bl iqLrd esa Hkkjr vkSj eksjDdks ds chp O;kikj dk o.kZu gSA
• jsgyk esa nqfu;k dk lcls izfl) o le`) 'kgj fnYyh dks crk;k gSA
• lrh izFkk ij izfrca/k yxkus dk iz;kl djus okyk ;g izFke lqYrku FkkA
Note:- Hkkjr esa lrh izFkk dh 'kq:vkr xqIr dky esa ¼319 & 540½ gqbZ FkhA

Note:- lrh izFkk ij Ban yxkus okys 'kkld

I – Ferozshah Rughlaq
II – Akbar
III – Aurangzeb
• 1829 esa Hkkjr esa lrh izFkk dk iw.kZr;k mDr Lord William Bantik
• M.B.T ds gh 'kkludky esa lokZf/kd fonzksg gq,A

• Mangolo dk 5th ckj vkØe.k gqvk FkkA

Failure Decision
1- blus viuh jkt/kkuh dks fnYyh ls nkSyrkckn LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
2- Khurasan vfHk;ku dh foQyrk
3- nksvkc {ks= esa dj o`f) (Agriculture Dep – Diwan – E – koni)

By Abhishek Suman Sir

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 • djkfpy vfHk;ku dh foQyrkA
• 1351 bZ- esa fla/k esa fonzkgs ds nkSjku bldh e`R;q gks x;hA
3. Ferozshah Tughlaq (1351 – 1388)
• bls fnYyh lYrur dk vdcj dgk tkrk gSA
• vius 'kkludky esa blus 6 'kgj clk;sA
1. Hisar – (Feroza)
2. Fatehabad – (Son-Fateh Khan) ds uke ij
3. Ferozpur
4. Ferozshah Kotla
5. Ferozabad – (Glass city of India)
6. Jaunpur Shiraj-E-Hind dgrs gSA (Jauna Khan (M.B.T cM+k HkkbZ ds uke ij½
• flapkbZ ds fy, lcls T;knk ugjs cuokus okyk 'kkld FkkA
• blus fljlk esa ,d ugj dk fuekZ.k djok;k vkSj blus ogk¡ 1200 ckx cuck;sA
• blds v'kksd ds Topra LraHk vkSj Meerut LrEHk dks fnYyh LFkkukarfjd fd;kA
• blus txUukFk eafnj dks u"V djok;k vkSj Tokykeq[kh eafnj dks ywVk FkkA
• blds ckn blus czkã.kksa ij Hkh tft;k dj yxk;kA
• 1369 esa blus dqrqcehukj dh 4th vkSj 5th eafty dk iquZfuekZ.k djok;k FkkA
• turk dks vkfFkZd enn nsus ds fy, blus ,d foHkkx cuok;k ftls Diwan-E-Khairat rFkk ,d
vLirky Dar-ul-Shifa dk fuekZ.k djok;k FkkA
• lrh izFkk dks izfrcaf/kr djus okyk izFke lqYrku FkkA
• 1388 esa bldh e`R;q gks x;hA
• rqxyd oa'k dk vafre 'kkld Narinuddin Mahmood – (1394 – 1414) FkkA
• 1398 esa fnYyh lYrur ij rSewj dk vkØe.k gqvkA

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 • Khijna Khan ds }kjk N. Mohmood dks flagklu ls gVk;k x;k ftlus Hkkjr ds izFke fl;k
oa'k dh LFkkiuk dhA
Sayyad Dynesty – lS;n oa'k (1414 – 1451)
• bl oa'k dh LFkkiuk Khijra Khan us dh FkhA ftlus 1414 ls 1429 rd 'kklu fd;kA
• dqrqcqíhu ,scd ds ckn ;g fnYyh lYrur dk ,dek= 'kkld Fkk ftlus lqYrku dh mikf/k ugha yh
FkhA
Mubarak Shah 1421 – 1434
Wazir – Bahlol – Afgani
Title – Khan–E–Khana dh mikf/k cgyksy dks nhA
Mohammad Shah (1434 – 1445)
blus Bahlol dks viuk iq= ?kksf"kr fd;kA
• Allauddin Alam Shah (1445 – 1451)
• 1451 esa Allauddin Alamshah us viuk flagklu cgyksy dks lefiZr fd;kA
Cgyksy us Hkkjr esa izFke vQxkuh oa'k dh LFkkiuk dhA
Lodhi Dynesty (1451 – 1526)
• yksnh oa'k dh LFkkiuk cgyksy yksnh us dh FkhA
Bahlol Lodhi (1451 – 1489)
lqYrku cuus ds ckn blus vius uke ds cgyksyh flDds pyok;sA
• blus tkSuiqj ij vkØe.k djds mls yksnh oa'k esa feyk;kA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= gqvk tks bl oa'k dk egku 'kklu gqvkA
Sikander Lodhi (1489 – 1517)
• 17-May-1498 Vasco De Gama dk Hkkjr esa vkxeu gqvkA
• 1504 esa Sikander Lodhi us vkxjk 'kgj dh LFkkiuk ;equk unh ds fdukjs dhA ftls fldUnjckn
ds uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA
• blus vkxjk esa ckcjx<+ dk fdyk cuok;kA
• 1506 esa blus jkt/kkuh fnYyh ls vkxjk LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
• fldUnj yks/kh ,d dfo FkkA ;s xqy:[kh uke ls dfork,¡ fy[krk FkkA
• blus vk;qoZsn ij izfl) iqLrd Farhange Sikandri fy[khA

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 • blus ukius dh ,d ubZ bdkbZ pyk;hA ftls Ghaz-E-Sikandar FkkA Sikandari Ghaz dgrs
FksA
1 Sikandari Ghaz – 30 inches
• blus Hkh dqrqcehukj dh ejEer djokbZA
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkj mldk iq= gqvk tks fnYyh lYrur dk vkf[kjh lqYrku gqvkA
Ibrahim lodhi (1517 – 1526)
•

blesa Ranga Sanga ;s Ibrahim Lodhi dks ijkftr fd;kA

• blds pkpk & Daulat Khan Lodhi – Punjab ds lwcns kj
– Aalam Khan Lodhi – fnYyh ds lwcn s kj
• 1519 esa Hkkjr ij ckcj dk vkØe.k Bajaur (Sindh) – Bhergah fort esa gqvk FkkA
• 1520 & 1521 rd 3 attacks fd;s Sindh vkSj Kashmir ijA
• 21 vizSy] 1526 esa ikuhir dk izFke ;q) yM+k x;kA ckcj vkSj bczkfge yksnh ds chpA
• ftls ckcj us bczkfge yksnh dh gR;k djds eqxy oa'k dh LFkkiuk dhA
• fnYyh lYrur dk ,dek= lqYrku tks ;q) esa yM+rs gq, ekjk x;k FkkA
• bldk edcjk ikuhir esa gSA
Mughal Dybesty (1526 – 1707 – 1857)
Babur – 1526 – 1530
• ckcj dk tUe 14 Qjojh] 1483 esa rqdZ ds Qjxuk esa gqvk FkkA blds firk dk uke Uman
Sheikh Mirza tks rSewj ds ifjokj ls rFkk bldh ekrk Qutlugh Nigar Begham tks paxt s
[kk¡ ds ifjokj lsA
• 1494 esa ek= 11 o"kZ dh vk;q vius firk dh e`R;q ds ckn ;g Qjxuk dk 'kkld cukA
• vkSj vxys 8 lky 1494&1502 rd rqdhZ ds Samarkand ij jkt fd;kA
• ckcj vkSj 'kSck;h [kku ds eè; lj&,&iqy dk ;q) yM+k x;k ftlesa ckcj dks ijkt; feyhA
• 1504 esa dkcqy vkSj da/kkj ij jkt fd;kA
• 1507 esa blus ckn'kkg dh mikf/k fy;kA
• 1526 esa ikuhir dk izFke ;q) yM+k x;kA
• bl ;q) esa blus rqxykek i)fr ;q) iz.kkyh dk bLrseky fd;kA
• vkSj blus mLekuh fof/k ls vius rksiksa dks vkxs ltk;k FkkA

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 • blds rksi pkyd & Ustad Ali o Mustafa Khan FksA
• ckcj us bczkfge yksnh dh gR;k dj nhA
• Kabuli Bagh rFkk Kabuli mosque dk fuekZ.k ikuhir esa fd;kA
• Kabul – Sharukh Coins o Kandhar – Babari coins esa pk¡nh ds flDds pyok;s
• dkcqy dh turk us bls dyanj dh mikf/k nhA
• eqxy oa'k dh igyh jkt/kkuh vkxjk FkhA
• 1527 esa [kkuok¡ dk ;q)

• [kkuok¡ ds ;q) ds nkSjku blus ftgkn dk ftØ fd;k FkkA

• jk.kk lkaxk dks ijkftr dj blus xkth dh mikf/k yhA
• 1528 esa pansjh dk ;q) ckcj o esfnuh jk; ds chp yM+k x;k FkkA
• esfnuh jk; dh gR;k dj nhA
• pansjh ds ;q) ds nkSjku ckcj us tkSgj ns[kk FkkA
• 1527&28 esa v;ksè;k esa ckojh efLtn dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
• ehj ckdh us ckcjh efLtn dk fuekZ.k djok;k FkkA
• 1529 esa ?kk?kjk dk ;q) yM+k x;kA
Ckcj vkSj vQxkuksa ds eè; yM+k x;k FkkA
• 1530 esa ek= 47 lky dh mez esa bldh e`R;q gks x;hA
• igys bldk edcjk vkxjk ds vkjkeckx esa nQuk;k x;k rFkk ckn esa bls dkcqy esa nQuk;k x;kA
•

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 • ckxokuh o <ksy uxjksa dk 'kkSfdu Fkk ckcjA
Humayun (1530 – 40, 1555 – 56)

• gqek;w¡ dk tUe 1508 bZ- esa dkcqy esa gqvk FkkA

Mehmod Lodhi – Bangal – Brother of Ibrahim Lodhi
Sher Khan – Bihar
Bahadur Shah – Gujrat
• blus igyk Attack dkfyatj ds fdys ij fd;kA ml le; ;gk¡ dk 'kkld Pratap Rudra Dev
FkkA
• bl ;q) esa nksgfj;k dk ;q) gqek;w¡ vkSj egewn yksnh ds eè; yM+k x;kA
• bl ;q) esa egewn yksnh dks ijkftr dj mldh gR;k dj nhA
• vc fcgkj vkSj caxky dk 'kkld 'ksj [kku cu x;kA tks pqukjx<+ ¼fcgkj esa½ ds fdys esa jgus yxk
FkkA
• 1532 esa gqek;w¡ us pqukjx<+ ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1533 esa gqek;w¡ esa cgknqj 'kkg dks ijkftr fd;kA
• 1538 esa gqek;w¡ us nqckjk pqukjx<+ ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1539 esa pkSlk dk ;q) gqek;w¡ vkSj 'ksj[kku ds eè; yx x;kA vkSj bl ;q) esa 'ksj[kku us gqek;w¡ dks
ijkftr fd;kA
• Nizam uked ukfod us gqek;w¡ dh tku cpk;hA
• pkSlk dk ;q) thrus ds ckn 'ksj[kku us 'ksj'kkg dh mikf/k yhA
• ,d fnu dk ckn'kkg & futke ¼ukfod½ dks cuk;k vkSj blh ds lEeku esa peM+s ds flDds pyok,¡A
• 1540 esa & fcyxzke ;k dUukSt dk ;q) yx x;k tks fd gqek;w¡ dks ijkftr dj lwjh oa'k dh LFkkiuk
dhA
• 1541 esa gqek;wa us gfenk ckuks csxe ds lkFk fookg fd;kA

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 • blds ckn gqek;wa jktLFkku ds vejdksV ds jktk fcjlky ds ikl x;kA
• 15 vDVwcj 1942 esa jktLFkku ds vejdksV ds jktk fcjlky ds egy esa vdcj dk tUe gqvk FkkA
• vdcj ds cpiu dk uke cn:íhu FkkA

• 1545 esa blus vius HkkbZ dkejku dh gR;k dj dkcqy vkSj da/kkj ij vf/kdkj fd;kA
• dkcqy esa cSje[kku bldk lsukifr cukA
• 1554 & esa is'kkoj
• 1555 & esa ykgkSj ij vf/kdj fd;kA
• 1555 esa & ePNhokM+k dk ;q) gqek;w¡ o ulhc[kku ds eè; yx x;kA vkSj ulhc[kku dks ijkftr
fd;kA
• 1555 & esa ljfgUn dk ;q) yM+k x;kA tks fd gqek;w¡ vkSj fldUnj lwjh ds eè; yM+k x;kA
• fldUnj lwjh dks gjkdj gqek;wa us nksckjk eqxy oa'k dh LFkkiuk dh FkhA
• 1556 & fnYyh esa iqLrdky; dh lhf<+;ksa ls fxjdj bldh e`R;q gks x;hA
• fnYyh esa fnuiukg uked 'kgj clk;k FkkA
• gqek;wa dk edcjk fnYyh esa gSA
• blds edcjs dk fuekZ.k gkth csxe us djok;k FkkA
• bldh thouh dk uke gqek;w¡ukek gS ftldks xqycnu csxe ¼bldh cgu½ us fy[kkA
• vQhe dk vknh FkkA
Suri Dynasty lwjh oa'k 1540 & 1555
• bldk laLFkkid 'ksj'kkg lwjh FkkA
Shershah Suri (1540 – 1545)
• bldk tUe 1486 esa iatkc ds gksf'k;kjiqj esa gqvk FkkA
• blds cpiu dk uke Qjhn FkkA
• blds firk glu [kk¡ tkS/kiqj ds tehankj FksA
• bldh izkjafHkd f'k{kk tkSuiqj ds tehankj FksA
• f'k{kk iw.kZ djus ds ckn Qjhn cgkj[kku yksgkuh & fcgkj dk 'kkld dk vaxj{kd cukA
• cgkj[kku yksgkuh us bls 'ksj[kku dh mikf/k nhA
• cgkj[kku yksgkuh dh e`R;q ds ckn blus bldh fo/kok ls fudkg dj fcgkj ij jkT; djuk 'kq:
fd;kA

By Abhishek Suman Sir

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 • blh us Hkkjr dh lcls izfl) lM+d 'ksj'kkg lwjh ekxZ dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
& lksukj xk¡o ls & is'kkoj rd
& 1700 ljk; dk fuekZ.k cl lM+d ij djok;kA
& dkslehukj dk fuekZ.k djok;k ¼gj 2 ehy ij½
& orZeku esa ve`rlj ls dksydkrk rd gSA (GT Road)
• blds }kjk pyok;s x;s flDds dks :Ik;k dgk tkrk Fkk tks pk¡nh ds Fks vkSj rk¡cs ds flDds pyok;s
ftUgsa & nke dgk tkrk gSA
(India, Pakistan, Nepal, Srilanka, Maunitious, Indonesia, Maldvies, Schelles)
• blh us gh vius 'kkludky esa Mkd lsokvks dk izpyu djok;kA
¼Mkd foHkkx dh 'kq:vkr & MygkSth½
• blus gqfy;k nkx izFkk dks Hkh viuk;k FkkA
• blh ds 'kkludky esa efyd ekSgEen tk;lh us inokor~ miU;kl fy[kkA
• 1545 esa & dkfyatj vfHk;ku ij mEek vLr ¼rksi dk xksyk½ pykus ds dkj.k bldh e`R;q gks x;hA
• bldk edcjk fcgkj ds lklkjk; esa gS tks mlus [kqn cuok;kA
• blds rhu mÙkjkf/kdkjh gq,&
1- bLyke 'kkg lwjh
2- vkfny 'kkg lwjh
3- fldUnj lwjh
• vkfny'kkg lwjh dk iz/kkuea=h gsew FkkA
• fnYyh ds flagklu ij cSBus okyk vafre fganq 'kkld gsew FkkA
Akbar & vdcj & (1556 – 1605)
• bldk tUe 15 vDVwcj] 1542 dks jktLFkku ds vejdksV esa gqvkA
• gqek;w¡ dh e`R;q dh le; vdcj o cSjejoku nksuksa iatkc ds xqjnkl iqj ¼dkykukSj½ fe'ku ij FksA
• gqek;wa dh e`R;q ds Ik'pkr~ gsew us fnYyh ij vkØe.k djds eqxy flagklu ij vf/kdkj fd;kA
• blus foØekfnR; dh mikf/k /kkj.k dh vkSj fnYyh dk 'kkld gsepUnz foØekfnR; ds uke ls cukA
• cSje[kku us dkykukSj esa gh 13 o"kZ dh mez esa vdcj dk jkT;kfHk"ksd djok;kA
• vkSj ;g tykyqíhu eksgEen ds uke ls eqxy lkezkT; dk vxyk 'kkld cukA
Note:– Vsew & 14ok¡ 'kkld Fkk ftlus foØekfnR; dh mikf/k /kkj.k dhA

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 • 5 uoEcj] 1556 dks ikuhir dk f}rh; ;q) yM+k x;k tks vdcj & ¼cSje[kku lsuk dk lapkyu dj
jgk FkkA½ o gseq ds eè; yM+k x;k FkkA
• 1556 ls 1560 rd vdcj cSje[kku ds laj{k.k esa 'kklu fd;kA

• 1560 & 1562 & ekge vaxk

& bls ijnk 'kklu o isVhdksV ljdkj Hkh dgk x;kA
• 1561 esa vdcj us viuk igyk vkØe.k ekyok ds 'kkld ckt cgknqj ij fd;kA
• 1561 esa jktLFkku ds 'kkld Hkkjey dh csVh gjDdk ckbZ ls fookg fd;kA tks Mariyyam-Uz-
Zamani ds uke ls izfl) FkhA
• 1562 esa & blus nkl izFkk ij izfrca/k yxk;kA
• 1563 esa & blus lrh izFkk ij izfrca/k yxk;kA
• 1564 esa & blus tft;k vkSj rhFkZ;k=k dj lekIr fd;kA
• bu ckrksa ls [kq'k gksdj bldh turk us bls vdcj dh mikf/k nhA
• vdcj 'ks[k lyhe fp'rh & ¼lwQh lar Fks & Qrsgiqj fldjh esa jgrs Fks½ dk vuq;k;h FkkA
• 1569 esa & vdcj ds iq= dk tUe gqvkA ftldk uke lyhe FkkA
• 1572 esa & vdcj vius xqtjkr vfHk;ku ij x;k vkSj xqtjkr dks eqxy lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
• xqtjkr vfHk;ku ds nkSjku blus lcls igys leqnz ns[kk vkSj iqrZxkfy;ksa ls bldh igyh ckj eqykdkr
gqbZ FkhA
• 1573 & esa xqtjkr fot; ds miylk esa cqyna njoktk dk fuekZ.k djok;k ¼Qrsgiqj fldjh es½a

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 • blus viuh jkt/kkuh vkojk ls Qrsgiqj fldjh LFkkukarfjr dhA

• 1577 esa vdcj us 500 oh?kk tehu vius nksLr xq: jkenkl dks nhA vkSj mlh Hkwfe ij xq: jkenkl
us ve`rlj 'kgj clk;kA
• 1582 esa vdcj us nhu&,&bykgh uked /keZ dh LFkkiuk dhA

• bl /keZ dks viukus okyk ,dek= fganq chjcy Fkk ftldk okLrfod uke egs'k nkl FkkA
• 1583 esa & Ilahi Samvat
Ilahi Coins – Ram Sita type coins
1-Ilahi Ghaz – 31 Inches
iz;kx dk uke cnydj dj fn;kA
• Agra fort, Allahabad fort and Lahore fort dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
• vdcj ds dky dks lkfgR; dk Lo.kZ dky dgk tkrk gSA
• Qkjlh Hkk"kk blh ds 'kkludky ls Hkkjr dh vf/kdkfjd Hkk"kk cuhA
(1833 esa & English cuh)
(26-Jan-1965 & fgUnh geknh jkT;Hkk"kk cuh½
• 1598 esa vdcj ds iq= lyhe us mlds f[kykQ fonzksg fd;k vkSj vius vki dks bykgkckn dk Lora=
'kkld ?kksf"kr fd;kA
• lyhe us 1602 esa vcqy Qty dh gR;k dj nhA
• blls xqLls esa vkdj vdcj us lyhe ds csVs [kqljksa dks viuk mÙkjkf/kdkjh ?kksf"kr fd;kA
• 1599 esa igyk fczfV'k tkWu feYMsugky Hkkjr vk;kA vdcj ds Count esa igys Ralph Finch
vk;kA

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 31-Dec-1600– East India Company
British Crown – Queen Elizabeth Taylar I
• 1605 bZ- esa vdcj dh e`R;q vfrlkj jksx ds dkj.k gqbZ FkhA
• bldk edcjk vkxjk ds fldUnjckn esa gSA
• bldks nQuk;k Hkh rFkk tyk;k Hkh x;k gSA
• bldh thouh vdcj ukek ;k Ain-E-Akbari ftldks vcqy Qty us lkr lkyksa esa fy[kk x;k gSA
• njckj esa uojRu j[kus okyk Hkkjr dk igyk 'kkld panzxqIr f}rh; FkkA
vdcj ds uojRu
1- chjcy & egs'k nkl & eqY; lykgdkj
2- rkulsu & jkeruq ik.Ms & jkt xk;d
3- ekuflag & lsukifr
4- ;sMjey & foÙk ea=h & igys 'ksj'kkg lwjh dk FkkA
5- vcqy Qty
6- vCnqy jghe & [kkls&,&[kkuk
7- QSth
8- eqYyk&nks&[oktk
9- Qdhj vthmíhu
tgk¡xhj & ¼1605&1627½
• tgk¡xhj dk tUe 1569 esa Qrsgiqj fldjh esa gqvk FkkA
• blds cpiu dk uke lyhe FkkA
• bldk lykgdkj & Abdul Rahim khan-e-khana FkkA
• 1585 esa lyhe us Hkxoku nkl dh iq=h eku ckjZ ls fookg fd;kA
• lyhe vkSj ekuckbZ dk iq= & [kqljks FkkA
• 1588 esa txr xkslkbZ & tks/kk ckbZ ls fookg gqvk vkSj 1592 esa iq= [kqjZe dk tUe gqvkA
• tuojh& 1611 esa tgk¡xhj us esg:fulk ls fookg fd;kA
husband
1611  Mehrunisha   Ali Quli Beg
• tgk¡xhj us esg:fulk dks Noorjahan (Light of World) dh mikf/k nhA
• Mehroonish – ;g eqxy lkezkT; dh lcls cM+h iz'kkfldk FkhA
Father Agra
Noorjahan 

Buit by – Noorjahan
Mother Asmat Begum
Noorjahan 
• Asmat Begum us gh xqykc dh ifÙk;ksa ls b= cukus dk vkfo"dkj fd;k FkkA

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 1606 esa [kqljks dk fonzksg
• bl fonzksg esa [kqljks dh enn xq: vktqZu nso ¼flD[ksa ds 5th xq:½ us dhA
• tgk¡xhj us vtqZu nso dh gR;k djok nh vkSj vius gh iq= [kqljks dks va/kk djok fn;kA
• xq: vtqZu nso us gh 1589 esa Lo.kZ eafnj ¼uhao& fe;k¡ ehj½ dk fuekZ.k 'kq: djok;k FkkA

1- ¼vdky r[r dh LFkkiuk dh½
2- xq: xzke lkfgR; dh jpuk Hkh dhA
1608 & tgk¡xhj ds njckj esa vkus okyk igyk fczfV'k ukxfjd Captain William Howkins FkkA
& tgk¡xhj us bls Captain Khan dh mikf/k nh FkhA
1611 & igyh vLFkk;h dkj[kkuk Musalipattanam esa FkkA
1613 & igyh LFkk;h dkj[kkuk lwjr esAa
1615 & nwljk fczfV'k ukxfjd Sin Thomas Roe
• tgk¡xhj vius U;k; dh tathj ds fy, izfl) Fkk vkSj blus 12 ?kks"k.kk djokbZ FkhA ftUgsa Ain-e-
Jahangiri dgk tkrk FkkA
• rEckdw ij izfrca/k yxkus okyk igyk eqxy 'kkld FkkA
• 1617 esa tgk¡xhj us vius csVs lqjZe dks vgenuxj vfHk;ku ij Hkstk vkSj [kqjZe us vgenuxj dks
eqxy lkezkT; esa fey;k vkSj blh mYya?ku esa tgk¡xhj us [kqjZu dks 'kkgtgk¡ dh mikf/k nhA
• tgk¡xhj ds dky esa fp=dyk dk LoxZdky dgk tkrk gSA
• tgk¡xhj dk lcls izfl) fp=dkj Ustad Mohsoor Khan FkkA
• 1627 esa tgk¡xhj dh e`R;q ykgkSj esa gqbZ vkSj bldk edcjk ykgkSj ds 'kgnjk esa gSA
• blus viuh vkRedFkk Tujuk-e-Jahangiri fy[kh FkhA ¼rqdhZ es½a
• 1627 esa & Dewar Baksh [kqljks dk csVk eqxy flagklu ij cSBkA
• bfrgkl esa cfy dk cdjk Dewar Baksh dks dgk tkrk gSA
Shahjahan 1627 – 1658
• 'kkgtgk¡ dk tUe 1592 bZ- esa ykgkSj esa gqvk FkkA
• blds cpiu dk uke [kqjZe FkkA
• 'kkgtgk¡ ds dky dks LFkkiR; dyk dk Lo.kZ dky dgk¡ tkrk gSA
• 1612 esa 'kkgtgk¡ us Arjumand Bano Begum (Mumtaz Mahal) ls fookg fd;kA
• 4 son of Shahjahan and 3 daughters
1. Dara Sikoh 1. Jahan Ara
2. Aurangzeb 2. Roshan Ara
3. Shahsuja 3. Gauhan Ara
4. Murad Baksh
• 1631 esa 14osa cPps (Murad Baksh) dks tUe nsrs le; eqerkt egy dh e`R;q gqbZ FkkA

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 • 1631 esa Taj Mahal dk fuekZ.k vkxjk ds ;equk unh ds fdukjs 'kq: fd;kA
• jktLFkku ds edjkuk ls lQsn laxejej eaxok,a FksA
• eq[; LFkkiR;dkj & Ustad Ahmad Lahori
• iz/kku feL=h & Ustad Isa
• rktegy dk fuekZ.k fi=k nqjk ¼ijf'k;u dyk½ }kjk fd;k x;k gSA
• lQsn laxejej dk bLrseky lcls igys gqek;w¡ dk edcjs esa fd;k x;k FkkA
• fi=k nqjk dyk dk bLrseky igys bReknqnkSyk ds edcjs esa fd;k x;k FkkA
• 1636 esa & 'kkgtgk¡ vius nDdu vfHk;ku ij x;k vkSj blh vfHk;ku ds nkSjku 'kkgtgk¡ us fej
tqeyk uked O;fDr ls bls dksfguwj ghjk izkIr gqvk FkkA
• 1638 esa 'kkgtgk¡ us viuh jkt/kkuh vkxjk ls fnYyh LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
• 1638 esa fnYyh ds ;equk unh ds fdukjs 'kkgtgk¡ukckn ¼iqjkuh fnYyh½ uked 'kgj clk;kA
• 1638 esa fnYyh ds yky fdys dk fuekZ.k 'kq: djok;k ftldh nks bekjrs &
Diwan-e-Aam cgqr gh izfl) FksA
¼njckj½ & Diwan-e-khas
• fnyyh dh tkek efLtn bekjrksa dk fuekZ.k Hkh djok;k FkkA
fnYyh xsV
d'ehjh xsV
vtesjh xsV
ykgkSj xsV
• fnYyh] vkxjk] dkcqy rFkk da/kkj dk lwcns kj nknk f'kdksg FkkA
• 1657 esa 'kkgtgk¡ us viuk mÙkjkf/kdkjh nkj f'kdksg dks ?kksf"kr fd;kA
mÙkjkf/kdkj ds ;q)
• 1st & 1658 esa okjk.klh ds ikl cgknqj dk ;q) 'kkgtgk¡ vkSj eqxy flag lsuk ds eè;
bl ;q) esa eqxy lsuk (Jaswant Singh, Suleman Shikeh) us 'kkgtgk¡ dks ijkftr fd;kA
• 2nd 1658 esa eè;izn's k ds /kjer dk ;q) yM+k x;kA vkSjaxtsc] eqjkn cD'k rFkk eqxy lsuk ds lkFk
yM+k x;kA (Jaswant Singh, Kasim Khan) eqxy lsuk ijkftr gqbZA
• 3rd 1658 esa lkewx<+ dk ;q) vkSjaxtsc] eqjkn cD'k o nkjkf'kdksgA
• 1658 esa vkxjk ds fdys ij vkØe.k ij 'kkgtgk¡ dks dsn dj fn;kA
• 1658 esa vkxjk esa gh viuk igyk jkT;fHk"ksd djok;kA
• 4th 1659 esa [katok dk ;q) ¼bykgkckn ds utnhd½ 'kkg'kqtk o vkSjaxtsc ds eè; 'kkg'kqtk dks
ijkftr dj mldh gR;k dj nhA
• 5th 1659 esa nsojkbZ dk ;q) vkSjaxtsc o nkjk f'kdksg dks gjkdj dSn dj fy;kA
• 1659 esa fnYyh ds yky fdys esa viuk nwljk jkT;kfHk"ksd djok;k FkkA
• 'kkgtgk¡ ds lkFk mlds vafre le; esa tgk¡vkjk mlds lkFk FkhA

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 • 1666 esa 'kkgtgk¡ dh e`R;q vkxj ds fdys esa gqbZ FkhA
• bldh thouh 'kkgtgkukek Fkh ftldks buk;r [kku ds }kjk fy[kk x;k FkkA
vkSjaxtsc vkyexhj ¼1658 & 1707½
• bldk tUe 1618 esa mTtSu ds nksgn uked txg ij gqvkA

• eqxy ckn'kkg cuus ds ckn vkSjaxtsc us flDdks ij dey Niokus ij izfrca/k yxok;kA
• blus rEckdw vkSj 'kjkc ds lsou ij vkSj tqvk [ksyus ij Hkh izfrca/k yxok;kA
• blus nkl izFkk vkSj lrh izFkk Hkh izfrcaf/kr dhA
• 1664 esa iqu% rhFkZ ;k=k dj yxk;kA ¼100 lky igys vdcj us can fd;k Fkk½
• 1665 esa vkSjaxtsc us t;flag dks f'kokth ij vkØe.k djus dks HkstkA
• 1665 esa iqjanj dh laf/k gqbZ t; flag o f'kokth ds eè;
• 1668 esa vkSjaxtsc us lHkh fganq R;kSgkj izfrcaf/kr fd;sA
• 1669 esa blus rhu izfl) fgUnq eafnj u"V djok;sA
1- lkseukFk eafnj xqtjkr
2- dk'kh fo'oukFk eafnj okjk.klh
3- ds'kojk; eafnj eFkqjk
• 1675 esa vkSjaxtsc us flD[kksa ds 9osa xq: rsxcgknqj dh gR;k djokbZA
Guru Tegh Bahadur __________ lflxat xq:}kjk
Tgk¡ vafre laLdkj gqvk _____________ jdkcaxt xq:}kjk
• 1979 esa vkSjaxtsc us iqu% tft;k dj yxk;kA ¼vdcj us can djok;k FkkA½
• 1681 esa vdcj dk fonzksg ¼vkSjaxtsc dk cM+k csVk vdcj FkkA½
vdcj dh enn f'kokth ds csVs 'kEHkkth us dh FkhA
;g 8 lky rd lEHkkth ds ikl jgkA
• 1682 esa vkSjaxtsc us viuk nf{k.k Hkkjr vfHk;ku 'kq: fd;kA
• bl vfHk;ku dks vkSjaxtsc dh dcz dgk tkrk gSA

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 • 1686 esa chtkiqj rFkk 1687 esa xksyqd.Mk dks eqxy lkezkT; esa feyk;kA
• eqxy lkezkT; esa lwcks dh la[;k 19 ls c<+dj 21 gks xbZA
• 1689 esa vkSjaxtsc us 'kEHkkth ij vkØe.k dj mudh gR;k dhA
• vkSj vkSjaxtsc us 'kEHkkth dh iRuh ;slqckbZ vkSj mlds iq= 'kkgw dks vius dSn esa dj fy;kA
• vkSjaxtsc dh vuqifLFkr esa mldk othj [kku ¼yxHkx 31 lky rd othj ;k½ us fnYyh dk 'kklu
laHkkykA
• blh ds 'kkludky esa fganqvksa eaf=;ksa dh la[;k lokZf/kd FkhA
• 1707 bZ- esa vkSjaxtsc dh e`R;q egkjk"Vª ds vgenuxj esa gqbZA bldh dcz nkSyrkckn esa gSA
• bldh thouh dk uke vkyexhj ukek FkkA ftldks qazim Shiraji us fy[kk FkkA
Modern India
eqxyksa dk iru (1707 to 1857)
• 1707 esa ttkvks dk ;q)
bl ;q) esa Muazzam us Aazam vkSj Kambaksh dh gR;k djds Muazzam Hkkjr dk
vxyk eqxy ckn'kkg cukA
cgknqj 'kkg&I/ 'kkg vkye&I (1707-1712)
• ;g 65 o"kZ dh mez esa Hkkjr dk eqxy ckn'kkg cukA
• bls gh cw<+k ckn'kkg ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
• bls 'kkgs cs[kcj ds uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA
• 1707 esa 'kkgw eqxyksa dh dSn ls vktkn gqvkA vkSj ;gh ejkBks dk vxyk 'kkld cukA
• 1712 esa cank cgknqj ds f[kykQ ,d vfHk;ku ds nkSjku cgknqj 'kkg dh e`R;q gks xbZA
Tkgkanj'kkg ¼1712 & 1713½
• blus t;flag dks lokbZ vkSj fetkZ dh mikf/k nh FkhA
• blus vthr flag dks egkjktk dh mikf/k nhA
• tgkanj'kkg dks gh yEij ew[kZ 'kkld dgk tkrk gSA
• lS¸;n ca/kq
1. Abdulla Khan, 2. Hussain Ali Khan
• 1713 esa lS¸;n ca/kqvksa us tgkanj'kkg dh gR;k dh vkSj Farukhshiyan dks u;k eqxy ckn'kkg
?kksf"kr fd;kA
Farukhshiyan – 1713 – 1719
• Abdula Khan dks ________ Wazin
• 1713 esa caxky izkUr eqxyks ls vyx gks x;kA
• caxky izkUr dh gh lwcns kj vius vki dks caxky dk uokc ?kksf"kr fd;kA
1 Nawab – Murshid Quli Khan
• vo/k izkar dk lwcns kj vius vki dks vo/k dk uokc ?kksf"kr fd;kA

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 1 Nawab __________ Saadat Ali Khan
• 1716 esa Farukhshiyan us cank cgknqj dh gR;k djokbZA
• 1717 esa blus vaxzstksa dks Lof.kZe Qjeku fd;kA
¼dj eq¶r O;kikj caxky] fcgkj rFkk mM+hlk esa½
• Lof.kZe Qjeku dks gh vaxzstksa dk Magna Carta dgk tkrk gSA
• 1719 esa fnYyh dh laf/k
lS¸;n ca/kqvksa vkSj ejkBks ds izFke iszjrk ckykth fo'oukFk ds eè;
• 1719 esa lS¸;n ca/kqvksa us ckykth fo'oukFk dh enn ls Farukhshiyar dh gR;k djok nhA
Rati-Ud-Danjat (Shahjahan-II)
• 2 eghus ds gh 'kkludky esa Vh-oh dh chekjh ls bldh e`R;q gks x;hA
Rati-Ud-Daula
• vkfoLrkj ls bldh e`R;q gks xbZA pkj ekg dk 'kkludky FkkA
Mohammad Shah (1719-1748)
• 1719 esa blus lS¸;n ca/kqvksa dh gR;k futke&my&eqYd dh enn ls djokbZA
• Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa lS¸;n ca/kqvksa dks King maker ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
• Nizam-Ul-Mulk dks gSnjkckn dk lwcn s kj cuk;kA
• gSnjkckn dk lcls igyk Nizam – Nizam-Ul-Mulk cukA
• Mohammad Shah dks Rangeela Badshah dgk tkrk gSA
• 1739 esa ukfnj'kkg dk vkØe.k ¼bls bZjku dk usiksfy;u dgk tkrk Fkk½ lsukifr & vgen 'kkg
vCnkyh
• 1739 esa djuky dk ;q)A bl ;q) esa ukfnj'kkg us eqxy lsuk dks ijkftr fd;kA
• ;g vkf[kjh eqxy 'kkld tks e;wj flgkalu ij cSBk FkkA
• tft;k dj Hkh lekIr gks x;kA
• Mohammad Shah dh e`R;q & 1748 esa gqbZA
Ahmad Shah (1748 – 1754)
• 1748 esa vCnkyh dk igyk vkØe.k gqvkA ¼bZjku dk 'kkld½
• 1748 esa vgen 'kkg&vgen 'kkg ;q) iatkc esa
& bl ;q) esa vgen 'kkg vCnkyh dh ijkt; gqbZA
• 1754 esa bldh e`R;q gks xbZA
Aalamgir-II ¼1754 & 1759½

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 • Robert Clive us Sirajudaula dks ijkftr fd;kA
11/2 hour esa ;g ;q) [kRe gks x;kA
Shahalam-I (1759 – 1806)
• 14 tuojh] 1761 esa ikuhir dk rhljk ;q) vgen 'kkg vCnkyh o ejkBks ds eè;
• bl ;q) esa vCnkyh dh fot; gqbZA
ejkBkvks dk is'oj & Balaji Baji Rao – (Nana Sahab)
ejkBkvks dk lsukifr & Sada Shiv Rao Bhau

• 1803 esa vaxzstks us fnYyh ij vf/kdkj fd;k vkSj mUgksua s eqxyksa dks is'kudkjh cuk;kA
Akbar-II (1806 to 1837)
• ;g vaxzstksa }kjk fu;qDr fd;k tkus okyk Hkkjr dk igyk eqxy ckn'kkg FkkA
• 1830 esa blus jktk jke eksgu jk; dks Þjktkß dh mikf/k nh FkhA
• 1837 esa bldh e`R;q gks xbZA
Bahadur Shah – II (Zafar) 1837 – 1857
• ;g Hkkjr dk vafre eqxy ckn'kkg FkkA
• ;g Hkkjr dk izfl) 'kk;j FkkA
• ;g tQj ds uke ls izfl) FkkA
• ;g 1857 dh Økafr dk usrk FkkA
• 1857 esa bldks vaxzstksa }kjk fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;k vkSj bls jaxwu ¼oekZ ds½ Hkst fn;k x;kA
• 1862 esa bldh e`R;q jaxwu esa gqbZ FkhA
1857 dk fonzkgs
• Hkkjr dk igyk lSfud fonzksg & 1806 ds rfeyukMq ds osYyksj esa gqvk FkkA
• 1857 ds fonzkgs dk Symbol – dey dk Qwy vkSj jksVh FkkA
• 1857 ds fonzkgs dh j.kuhfr

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 ml le; Britain dk P.M. – Pamsturn
Hkkjr dk Governor General – Lord Canning
British Crown – Queen Victoria
Mughal Empror – Bahadur Shah Zafar
British Army Chief _____ George Anison ______ Robert Campbell
Books – 1857 – Written by – S.N. Sen
2. The Indian war of Independence – V.D. Savarkar
3. The sepoy mutiniti & the Rebellion of 1857 R.C. Majumdar
4. Poverty & Unbritish Rule in India – Dada Bhai Nairoji
jktuSfrd dkj.k Lord Dalhausi (1848 – 1856)
• 1848 blus egkjktk nyhi flag ij vkØe.k djds iatkc ij vf/kdkj fd;kA vkSj blus nyhi flag
dks vaxzstks dk is'a kudkjh cuk;kA
• 1849 esa & nyhi flag ds gkFkks dksfguwj ghjs dks egkjkuh foDVksfj;k dks Gift esa fnyok;kA
• blds ckn Dalhausi us Hkkjr esa 'Doctrine of Lapse' gM+I dh uhfr pykbZ FkhA
S  Satara
S  Sambhapur
B  Baghat
U  Udaipur
J  Jhansi
N  Nagpur
A  Awadh
K  Karauli  igys gM+Iik x;k vkSj ckn esa NksM+ fn;kA
1856 & vo/k dk uokc Wajid Ali Shah FkkA
y[kuÅ ls fonzkgs Wajid Ali Shah dh Wife Begum Hazra Mahal us fd;k FkkA
Wajid Ali Shah ds csVs Binjis Qadir dks vo/k dk vkf[kjh uokc cuk;k x;kA
Lkekftd dkj.k

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 /kkfeZd dkj.k
1813 & Hkkjr esa bZlkbZ fef'kujh;ksa dk vkxeu gqvkA Ranoji Bapu vkSj Ajimullah Khan us
London esa j.kuhfr cukbZ ftlesa fonzksg dh 'kq:vkr 31 ebZ] 1857 djuh FkhA
fonzkgs dk rRdkyhd dkj.k

• bl fonzksg dh igyh ?kVuk & 29 ekpZ] 1857 dks caxky dh cSjdiqj Nkouh ds 34th Native
Ifentry dk lSfud eaxy ikaMs us dkjrwl ds bLrseky ls euk fd;kA eaxy ikaMs us Lt. Baugh dh
gR;k dj nhA
8 vizSy] 1857 & esa eaxy ikaMs dh Qk¡lh nh xbZA
esjB esa
24 vizSy] 1857 dks esjB dS.V ds 99 flikfg;ksa us bu dkjrwlks ds bLrseky djus ls euk dj fn;kA ;s
3rd- Native Infantry ds FksA
buesa ls 85 lSfud dks mezdSn dh ltk nh xbZA
10 ebZ] 1857 dh 'kke dks esjB ds lkjs lSfud bdV~Bs gq, ftudk usr`Ro dne flag dj jgk FkkA
11 ebZ] 1857 dks ;s lSfud fnYyh ds yky fdyk igq¡ps vkSj cgknqj 'kkg tQj dks Inform fd;kA
12 ebZ] 1857 dks cgknqj 'kkg tQj dks gqek;w¡ ds edcjs ls fxj¶rkj fd;k x;kA
By – Lt. Nicolson
– Lt. Hudson
19 flrEcj] 1857 & dks bls oekZ ds jaxwu Hkst fn;kA
Place Revolt by Controlled by
1. esjB dne flag Campbell
2. fnYyh cgknqj 'kkg tQj Lt. Nicolson
cDl [kku Lt. Hudson
3. Ambala Rao Tulanam Lt. Nicolson
Lt. Hudson
4. Mathura Devi Singh Campbell
5. Kanpur Nana Sahab (Dhondhu point) Campbell
Tatya Tope (Ram Chandra
Pandunang)
6. Jhansi Rani Laxmi Bai Cap. Huroze
7. Lucknow Begum Hazarat Mahel Compbell

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 8. Allahabad Liyaquat Ali Col. Nel
9. Faizabad moulvi Abdulla Gen. Renard
10. Gorakhpur Gojodhar Singh Gen. Renard
11. Jagdishpur Kunwar Singh Campbell
12. Bareily Khan Bahadur Vincent Aayer
vafre ?kVuk
18 vizSy 1858 rkR;k Vksis dks Qk¡lh nh xbZA

;gh ls Hkkjr esa British Crown dk 'kklu 'kq: gqvkA
igyk ok;ljk; & ykMZ dSfuu
ejkBk vkSj is'kok
Shivaji 1627 – 1680
• ejkBk lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk f'kokth us dh FkhA
• f'kokth dk tUe 1627 esa iwuk ds f'kousj nqxZ esa gqvkA
• buds firk dk uke Shahji Bhosle rFkk ekrk dk uke Jija Bai FkkA
• buds vkè;kfRed xq: & jkenkl FksA
• bUgksaus viuh izkjafHkd f'k{kk vius nkl dkS.knso ls izkIr dhA
• 1657 esa bUgksua s eqxyksa ij viuk igyk vkØe.k fd;kA
• ml le; vkSjaxtsc vgenuxj dk lwcns kj FkkA
• bl vkØe.k esa vkSjaxtsc us f'kokth dks ijkftr fd;kA
• blds ckn f'kokth us eqxyksa ds 23 fdyks ij vkØe.k dj mu ij vkØe.k fd;kA
• 1664 esa f'kokth us lwjr dh igyh ywV dhA
• 1665 esa vkSjaxtsc dk lsukifr Jai Singh dks f'kokth ij vkØe.k djus HkstkA
iqjanj dh laf/k
• bl laf/k ds ckn Jai Singh us Shivaji vkSj muds csVs Shombha Ji dks Aurangzeb ds
njckj esa is'k fd;kA ysfdu Aurangzeb us Shivaji dks dSn dj Agra ds Jaipur Bhawan esa
j[kkA
• Shivaji, Aurangzeb dh dSn esa 2 lky rd FksA
• 1670 & esa & f'kokth us lwjr dh nwljh ywV dhA
• 1674 & esa f'kokth dk jkT;kfHk"ksd jk;x<+ ds fdys esa xaxk HkV~V uked iafMr ls djok;kA
• blus nks mikf/k;k¡ /kkj.k dh&
1- N=ifr egkjkt
2- fgUnq ckn'kkg

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 • 1678 esa & f'kokth us ,d ukS lsuk dh LFkkiuk dhA ftldk eq[;ky; dksykck (Mumbai) esa FkkA
blds ukSlsuk vè;{k dks & nfj;klkjax dgk tkrk FkkA
• 1680 esa & dukZVd ¼chtkiqj½ vfHk;ku ds nkSjku f'kokth dh e`R;q gqbZA
f'kokth ds v"B iz/kku
1. Peshwa is'kk – P.M.
2. Amatya – jktLo ea=h
3. Sumant – fons'k ea=h
4. San-E-Naubat – lsukifr
5. Vakianavis – lwpuk ea=h
6. Surunavis – i=kpkj ea=h
7. Pandit Rao – /kkfeZd dk;ks± dk ea=h
8. Nyayadhish – fof/k ea=h
• bldk mÙkjkf/kdkjh bldk iq= 'kEHkkth gqvkA
Shambha Ji – (1680 – 1689)
• 1681 esa 'kEHkkth us vkSjaxtsc ds f[kykQ fonzksg esa vdcj dh enn dh FkhA
• 1689 esa vkSjaxtsc us 'kEHkkth ij vkØe.k djds mldh gR;k dj nh vkSj mudh iRuh Yesubai vkSj
iq= Shahu th dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;kA
Raja Ram (1689 – 1700)
• vkSjaxtsc us Raja Ram dh gR;k djok nhA
• blds iq= Shivaji II ¼4 lky mez½ dks ejkBks dk vxyk 'kkld fu;qDr fd;kA
• ysfdu 'kklu Raja Ram dh ifRu & rkjkckbZ us fd;kA
• 1707 esa eqxyksa dh dSn ls lkgw vktkn gqvkA
1707 esa [ksM+k dk ;q)
Shahu vkSj Tarabai ds eè;
• Shahu us bl ;q) esa Tarabai dks ijkftr dj ejkBks dk vxyk 'kkld cukA
Shahu (1707 – 1749)
• N=ifr 'kkgw th egkjkt ds uke lsA
• blus viuh jkt/kkuh lokjk dks cuk;kA
• 1713 esa ejkBk lkezkT; esa is'okbZ izFkk dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• vkSj viuk igyk is'ok ckykth fo'oukFk dks fu;qDr fd;kA
• 1719 esa & fnYyh dh laf/k
Ckykth fo'oukFk us Farukhshiyar dks ejokus esa lS¸;n ca/kqvksa dh enn dhA
Baji Rao – I – (1720 – 1740)
• ;g ejkBkvks dk lcls egku is'ok FkkA

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 • 1729 esa iky[ksM+k dk ;q)
& ckthjko I o Nizam-Ul-Mlk (Hydrabad) ds eè; Baji Rao us Nizam-Ul-Mulk dks
ijkftr fd;kA
Balaji-Baji Rao (Nana Sahab Peshwa) 1740 – 1761
• blds 'kklu dky esa 'kkgw dh e`R;q gqbZA
• 14 tuojh] 1761 esa ikuhir dk rhljk ;q)
• Ahmad Shah Abdali o Marathas
• ftlesa Abdali us Marathas dks ijkftr dj yxHkx ejkBkvks dk var fd;kA
• ejkBkvks dk vafre is'ok & ckthjko II (1796 – 1818) gqvkA
Hkkjr esa ;wjksfi;ks dk vkxeu
Portugees – iqrZxkyh
17 ebZ] 1498 & Vasco-De Gama Hkkjr esa vkus okyk igyk iqrZxkyh FkkA (90 days)
dsjy ds dkyhdV canjxkg igqapkA
Ship Name – Sao Gobriel
Welcomed by – Jamarin
• 1498 – portugeese East India Company dh LFkkiuk gqbZA
• 1499 & esa Hkkjr esa dkyh fepZ ys x;kA
;g 60 xquk nke esa ;wjksi esa cspkA
• 1502 & esa ;g nqckjk Hkkjr vk;kA
• 1503 & esa iqrZxkfy;ksa us viuh igyh QSDVªh dksfpu esa yxkbZ
– Empire Name in India – Estudo De India
• 1505 & 1509 rd igyk iqrZxkyh Governor ÝkaflLdks&Mh&vyehM+kA
• Almida us vjcksa ij vkØe.k djds muds O;kikj ij vf/kdkj fd;kA ftls vyehM+k dh Þuhyh ty
uhfr (Blue Water Policy) ß dgk x;kA
• 1509 & 1515 & nwljk Governor – Alfanso De Albukunk
• ;g Hkkjr esa iqrZxkyh dh lkezkT; dk okLrfod LFkkiuk dh FkhA
Note:-
Alfanso Mango – Ratmagiri Maharastra
• 1509 esa & Albukurk us dksfpu dks viuh jkt/kkuh cuk;kA
• 1510 esa & blus chtkiqj ds vkfny 'kkg ij vkØe.k fd;k vkSj mlh ls blus xksok izkIr fd;kA
• 1515 esa & Albukurk dh e`R;q Hkkjr esa gqbZA
• 1529 & 1538 rhljk Governor – Nino De Kunha
• 1530 esa & blus viuh jkt/kkuh dks dksfpu ls xksok LFkkukarfjr fd;kA
• 1961 esa Goa, Daman & Diu dks iqrZxkfy;ks ls [kkth djok;kA

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 • 1987 esa & Hkkjr dk 25th jkT; cuk;k x;kA
• Art. – 371(I) ds rgr Goa Hkkjr dk fo'ks"k jkT; gSA
• Hkkjr esa vkyw ykus okys iqrZxkyh FksA
• Ñf"k dk okf.kfT;d Ñf"k dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• Hkkjr esa rEckdw dh [ksrh dh 'kq:vkr
• yky fepZ ykus okys iqrZxkyh FksA
• tgkt fuekZ.k dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• ppZ dk dSFkksfyd ykMy Hkh ;gh 'kq: fd, FksA
• Printing Press dh 'kq:vkr dhA
1st Printing Press – 1557 – Goa esa
Dutch Mp
• 1596 & igyk Dutch & Carnaleous Hautman Hkkjr vk;k FkkA
• 1602 bZ- esa & bUgksua s Dutch East India Company dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1605 bZ- esa igyh factory – Musalipattanam esa yxkbZA
• Hkkjr esa Lo.kZ flDds pyok;s & Pegeda Coins.
• Dutch ds Hkkjr esa nks m|ksx FksA
1- Cotton Taxtile Industry ¼lwrh oL= m|ksx½
2- Indigo Industry ¼uhy m|ksx½
• 1759 & csnjk dk ;q)
B/w Briteshers & Dutches
• bl ;q) esa Dutch dks ijkftr dj muds O;kij ij vf/kdkj dj fy;kA
vkSj blds ckn Dutch, Netherlands okil ykSV x;sA
Britishers vaxzst
1599 & 1st – Britisher – John Moldenhal
Crown – Elizabeth I
Akbar's Court – Ralph Finch
Group – Merchant – Adventures
31 fnlEcj 1600 East India Company in London.
• 1608 & Cap Willian Hawking (Representative of E.I.C)
• 1611 & Musalipattam esa igyh factory
• 1613 & esa lwjr esa viuh LFkk;h factory dh 'kq:vkr dhA
• 1615 & Sir Thomas Roe – (Rapre of James 1 (King)
• 1662 & esa

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 Charles 
British Pr ince  Married
  Potugues Pr incess Catherine Brigenza
• iqrZxkfy;ksa us British dks Bombay ngst esa fn;kA
• Charles us Bambey, E.I.C dks 10 pounds per year ij fn;kA
• 1717 & esa vaxzstksa us eqxy ckn'kkg Q:Z[kf'k;j ls ,d Lof.kZe Qjeku izkIr fd;kA
Danish Msu
• 1616 & Danish East India Company dh LFkkiuk gqbZA
• 1620 & esa igyh Factory – Taracobar (Kerala) esa LFkkfir dh FkhA
• 1676 & esa nwljh Factory – Serampur Bengal esa Hkkjr esa buds nks O;kikj FksA
1- pk; dk O;kikj
2- phu ds lkFk O;kij
• 1845 esa bUgksua s viuk O;kikj vaxzstks dks lkSai dj Denmark okil ykSV x;sA
French Ýkalhlh
• 1664 esa Hkkjr vkus okyk igyk Ýkalhlh Colbart Fkk
• ;g Ýkal ds 'kkld Louis XIV dk ea=h FkkA
• 1664 & French East India Company dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1668 & esa igyh Factory Surat esa LFkkfir dhA
• 1672 & esa French Governer Fransis Martin us 'ksj[kku yksnh ij vkØe.k dj iqnqpjs h xk¡o
izkIr fd;kA
• 1674 esa & Ýsap us iqnqspjh dks viuh jkt/kkuh cuk;kA
caxky
Capital – Dhaka
1700 – Murshid Kuli Khan
• 1713 & esa blus [kqn dks caxky dk Lora= ?kksf"kr fd;kA ;g caxky dk igyk o uokc cuk
¼1713&1727½
Shifted his Capital – Murshidabad.
Shahjauddin – (1727 – 1739)

Sarfraj Khan – (1739 – 1740)
• 1740 & ?kksfj;k dk ;q)
vyh onhZ [kku & ljQjkt [kku
blesa vyh onhZ dh fot; gqbZA
vyh onhZ [kku & ¼1740 & 1756½

Sirajudaula (1756 – 1757)

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 • 20 twu] 1756 dydÙkk ds Ford William esa ?kfVr djuk
– Black Hole Tregedy shivalik1graphics@gmail.com

• 1757 – 1st Governor of Bengal – Robert clive

• 1757 – Iyklh dk ;q)
Robert clive o Sirajuddaula
Robert Clive us Sirajuddaula dks gjk;kA
Commander-in-chief of Sirajuddaula – Mir Jafer
Minister – Rai Durlabh
Mir Jafer dks caxky dk vxyk uokc cuk fn;kA
Mir Jafar (1757 – 1760)
Mir Kasim (1760 – 1763)
• cDlj dk ;q) & 1764

1765 esa & bykgkckn dh laf/k

• Robert Clive o Shah Alam II vkSj Sujauddaula ds eè;

• 1767 esa Robert Clive dks Britain cqykdj ml ij dq'kklu dk vjksi yxk;kA
bdykSrk Governor ftlus tgj [kkdj vkRegR;k dj yh FkhA
Warren Hastings 1772
• blus caxky ds }S/k 'kklu dk var fd;kA
• 1772 esa blus District Collector dk in cuk;kA
Constitutional Development of India
Hkkjr dk laoS/kkfud fodkl
1773 Regulating Act–

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 • East India Company dks 20 o"kZ dk O;kikfjd vf/kdkj feykA

• Governor of Bengal became Governor General of Bengal. k k k k k k k k

Last G  first  G G  warren Hastings .


Head of the Executive
• 1774 & dydÙkk esa SC dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
Chief Justice – Lord Eliza Impe
3 other Judges – Lord Hide, Lord Cham bus, Lamstus

1784 Pits India Act

• blh vf/kfu;e ds rgr E.I.C ls O;kikj vkSj iz'kklu dks vyx vyx dj fn;k x;kA
• 1785 Warren Hastings bdykSrk Governor ftl ij egkfHk;ksx yxk;k x;kA
1793 Charter Act
• E.I.C ds O;kikfjd vf/kdkj 20 o"kks± ds fy, c<+k;s x;sA
• 1793 ls fczfV'k vf/kdkfj;ksa ds osru Hkkjr ls gh fn;s tkus yxsA
• 21 vizSy] 1793 & Indian Civil Service dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA

This day is known as civil service day.
• 1793 esa gh & Revenue Bond
Revenue Police dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA
1813 – Charter Act
• Hkkjr esa bZlkbZ fe'kufj;ksa dk vkxeu gqvkA
• 1813 esa Hkkjrh; f'k{kk vkSj mldh laLÑfr ds fodkl ds fy, gj lky 1 yk[k :Ik;s feyus x;sA
• nks vf/kdkfj;ksa dks NksM+dj E.I.C ds O;kikfjd vf/kdkj lekIr fd;sA
1- pk; dk vf/kdkj
2- phu ds lkFk O;kikj
1833 Charter Act

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 • Governor General of Bengal became Governor General of India Lord William
Bentinck
• 1833 English Hkkjr dh vf/kdkfjd Hkk"kk cuhA
• 1833 E.I.C ds lHkh O;kikfjd vf/kdkj lekIr dj fn;s x;sA
1853 Charter Act
• 6 BOD dks fuyafcr dj fn;k x;k vkSj budh la[;k dks ?kVkdj 18 dj fn;k x;kA
• 1853 esa Civil Service ds fy, fyf[kr ifj{kk dh 'kq:vkr dh x;hA
1853 ls 1923 rd & yaMu esa gqbZ FkhA
igys Hkkjrh; & lqjsUnz ukFk cuthZ
igys ICS Officer – lR;sUnz ukFk VSxksj
• 1858 Government of India Act
• Declaration Letter of queen victoria
• 1858 esa E.I.C can dj nh x;hA
• lHkh BOD dks fuyafcr dj fn;k x;kA
• Queen Victoria dks Hkkjr dh lkexzh ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA
Governor of India (Lord Canning) became – vice Roy of India
• Declaration Letter dks Lord Canning us 1 uoEcj] 1858 esa Minto Part – Allahabad esa
i<+k x;k FkkA
1861 Indian Council Act
• 1860 esa & 1st Indian Budget Present by James Wilson.
Father of Income tax – Lord Canning.
• 1861 & Viceroy dks vè;kns'k tkjh djus dh 'kfDr izkIr gqbZA
• 1861 ls gh Indian Pannel Court ykxw dh xbZA
• 1862 esa Portfolio vk;ksx ds rgr Lord canning us Hkkjr dk foHkkxhdj.k fd;kA

1892 – Indian Council Act

• Word – Election – First time use in India.
• Hkkjrh;ks dks Budget ij cgl djus dk vf/kdkj feyk exj Vote djus dk vf/kdkj ugha feykA
• Hkkjr esa izkUrh; fo/kkulHkkvksa dk xBu fd;k x;k ftlus lnuksa dh la[;k 60 FkhA
• 1905 & caxky dk foHkktu & Lord Curson.

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 – Congress nks Hkkxksa esa c¡V x;hA
& ujeiaFkh o xje iaFkh

• 1906 – Muslim Leegue – by – Aga khan

• 1907 & lwjr vf/kos'ku esa dkaxzsl dk foHkktu
ujeny & o & xje ny
1909 – Marley – Minto Reforms Act
• bl vf/kfu;e us gh Hkkjr dk loZuk'k dj fn;k ;g dFku xk¡/khth us dgk FkkA
1919 – Montegue – Chelmfond Reform Act
• 1919&1935 & izkarksa esa }S/k 'kklu yxk;k x;kA
• 1919 ls British Officer dh lSyjh nqckjk Britain ls gh vkus yxsA
1938 Simon Commission
• Member – 7
• bl vk;ksx dk ygkSj esa fojks/k fd;k x;kA
(Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru)
• blh fojks/k ds nkSjku Lala Lajpat Rai dh e`R;q gqbZA
• 1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar us Simmon Commission dk Lokxr fd;k FkkA
2. Unionist Pangt.
3. mohhoob Saifi group
• 1928 – Lord Birkenhead & jkT; lfpo
Congress President – Moti Lal-Nehru
• Moti Lal Nehru us Lojkt dh ek¡x dhA
• 1928 & Nehru Report, ¼bls Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dk blue print dgk tkrk gSA½ Delhi esa is'k
dhA
M.L. Nehru us gh Hkkjr esa fyf[kr ekSfyd vf/kdkjks dh ek¡x dh FkhA

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 • Mohammad Ali Jinah us bl ij Sign ugha fd;k FkkA
• M.L Nehru us Dominion State dh ekax dhA
• Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru us iw.kZ Lojkt dh ek¡x dhA

• 1931 esa & dkaxzsl ds djkph vf/kos'ku esa ekSfyd vf/kdkjks dh ek¡x dks Lohdkj fd;k x;kA
& vè;{krk & cYyHk HkkbZ iVsy

• 1931 & esa xka/khth us nwljs xksy est lEesyu esa xka/khth us ekSfyd vf/kdkj dh ek¡x dhA
1935 – Government of India Act
• gekjk 80% lafo/kku blh vf/kfu;e ls fy;k x;kA
• izkarksa ds }S/k 'kklu dk var fd;k x;kA
• vkSj dsna z esa }S/k 'kklu dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA
• 1 vizSy] 1935 dks Hkkjrh; fjotZ cSad dh LFkkiuk gqbZA
• SC dks dydÙkk ls fnYyh Shift fd;k x;kA
• tksfd 1937 ls dk;Zjr gqvkA
• 1937 esa oekZ dks Hkkjr ls vyx fd;k x;kA
Constituent Assembly
• 1896 – Tilak th us ekSf[kd :i esa dh FkhA
• 1934 – M.N. Roy us fd;k FkkA
• 1940 & vxLr izLrko
& ftlesa lafo/kku lHkk dh LohÑfr FkhA
& Hkkjr us bls vLohdkj dj fn;kA
• 1940 & O;fDrxr lR;kxzg
1 – Vinoba Bhave
II – Pt. J. Lal. Nehru
• 1942 – Crips Mission
– Post Dated Sheet – Sald by Gandhi Ji
8 vxLr] 1942 Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu
24 vDVwcj] 1945 & U.N.O dk xBu fd;k x;kA
• 1945 – Cabinet Mission Plan

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 • 1 tqykbZ & 1946 1st Election for Const. Assembly.

Viceroy – Lord Wavell

2 flrEcj] 1946 dks Hkkjr dh igyh varfje ljdkj cuhA
Hkkjr esa varfje ljdkj dk eaf=e.My
P.M & foreign Minister _______ Pt. J.L. Nehru
Home Minister & Information & Broadcasting Mr. _______ Sardar Vallabh Bhai
Patel.
Education Minister _____ Sri Raj Gopala Chari
Food and Agriculture minister _____ Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Defence Minister ______ Baldev Singh
Labour Minister ________ Jag Jivan Ram
Health Minister _________ Gojnaffer Ali Khan
Finance Minister ______ Liyaqat Ali Khan
Law Minister ______ Jogendra Nath Mandal
Industry Minister __________ John Mathai
Railway Minister _______ Aruna Asaf Ali
Hkkjrh; Lora=rk dh ?kks"k.kk
20 Qjojh] 1947
P.M of Britain – Climent Eitley (30 June 1948) – June Plan
March 1947 – Lord mountbatten
4 July 1947 – 18 July, 1947
1947 Indian Independence Act.

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 Mountbatten Plan
Devide of India & Pakistan
14 Aug – 1947 ________ Pak
15 Aug – 1947 _________ India
lafo/ku lHkk dh vxyh cSBd 29 vxLr] 1947 ls gqbZA
29 vxLr] 1947 _______ izk:Ik lfefr
Chairman ______ Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Other member–
D.P. Kaitan (Died) – T.T. Knishnamohaw
B.K. mitten (resign) – Madav Rao
K.M Manshi
Mohd. Sadullah
Gopal Swami Ayanger
Krishna Swami Ayyer.
• 2 year – 11 month – 8 days
• 166 days session
Rs. – 64 lakh
70 – Constitutions
26 Nov, 1949 – Constitution day (Law day)

26 Jan, 1940 – Republic day.
Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dk fodkl
• Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dk fodkl 1813 bZ- ls 1813 pkVZj ,DV ds rgr 'kq: gqvk ftlesa Hkkjrh; f'k{kk vkSj
laLÑfr ds fy, lkykuk 1 yk[k :Ik;s vkoafVr fd;s x;sA
• 1778 esa Hkkjrh; bfrgkl vkSj laLÑfr ds vè;;u ds fy, lj fofy;e tkWt us ,f'k;kfVd lkslkbVh
vk;ksx dk xBu fd;kA
• Qkjlh vkSj vjch Hkk"kk ds fy, dydÙks esa ,d enjls dh LFkkiuk warren Hastings us djkbZ
FkhA
• 1800 bZ- esa ykWMZ osystyh us dydÙkk esa QksVZ fofy;e dkWyst dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1817 bZ- esa jktk jke eksgu jk; us dydÙkk esa fganq dkyst dh LFkkiuk dhA
• ysfdu ekfè;fed f'k{kk ds fodkl ds fy, lcls igys Lord William Bentic us ;ksxnku fn;kA
• 1833 ds pkVZj ,DV ds rgr baxfy'k dks Hkkjr dh vf/kdkfjd Hkk"kk cuk;k x;kA
• 1833 esa William Bentic us yksd f'k{kk lfefr dh LFkkiuk Hkkjrh; f'k{kk esa lq/kkj ds fy, fd;kA
Chairman – Lord Macally
• 1835 esa Lord Macally us viuh fjiksVZ is'k dh ftls eSdkys feuV dgk tkrk gSA

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 • blh fjiksVZ ds rgr baxfy'k dks Hkkjrh; f'k{kk ds fy, vfuok;Z fd;k x;kA
Lord Dalhauise (1848 – 1556)
• 1853 ds pkVZj ,DV rgr ukxfjd lsok ds fy, fyf[kr ifj{kk dh 'kq:vkr dh x;hA
• 1854 esa MygkSth us f'k{kk esa lq/kkj ds fy, ,d vk;ksx dk xBu fd;k tks fd Charles wood
Dispatch ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
• bl Dispatch dks Hkkjrh; f'k{kk dk Magna Carta dgk tkrk gSA
• blh vk;ksx ds rgr 1857 esa dydÙkk] enzkl vkSj cacbZ fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk gqbZA
Lord Ripon (1880 – 1884)
• 1882 esa Lord Ripon us Hunter vk;ksx dk xBu fd;kA
• blh vk;ksx ds rgr Hkkjrh; izkjafHkd f'k{kk esa lq/kkj fd;s x;sA
Lord Curzon (1899 – 1905)
• 1902 esa Lord Curzon us Raylay vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dhA
• blh vk;ksx ds rgr 1904 bZ- esa Hkkjr esa Hkkjrh; fo'ofo|ky; vf/kfu;e ykxw fd;k x;k vkSj Lord
Curzon us gh Public Service Commission dk xBu fd;kA ftlesa blus ICS dh U;wure
vk;q dks c<+kdj 18 ls 21 o"kZ fd;kA
• 1905 esa blus Hkkjrh; izkjafHkd losZ{k.k o Ñf"k foHkkx dh LFkkiuk dhA
1917 Sadler Commission (Lord Chelmsford)
• blh vk;ksx ds rgr Sant. Central board for Secondary vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
• vkSj gSnjkckn] eSlwj] iVuk] cukjl vkSj y[kuÅ esa fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
Development of News Papers in India
• 1556&1567 & xksok esa
1st Printing Press in India
• 1684 esa & First British Press were Founded in Bombay
• 1780 & First Indian news Paper was published by james August Hikki which is
know as 'Bengal Gazettc'.
• First English news paper published by an Indian was Bengal Gazettc.
Founder – Gangadhar Bhattacharya.
• First Hindi News Paper of India was Published in 1826
None – Udand Martond (Hindi) from – Kanpur
Founder – Jugal Kishor
• 1821 – Raja Ram Mohan Raj was Published two newspaper in Person
language.
1 – Samwad Kaumudi
2 – Mirat–Ul–Akhbar

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 • 1859 – Iswar Chand, Vidya Sagar Published a Bengali Newspaper named Son
Prakash.
Some Imp. and famous Newspaper of India
Newspaper Founder Place
1. The Times of India Robert knight Bombay
2. The state man Robert knight Calcutta
3. Madras mate Robert knigh Madrash
4. The Pioneer Robert Night Allahabad
5. Amrit Bazar Patrika Moti Lal Ghosh Calcutta.
6. Bungvasi Jogendra Nath Bosh Calcutta
7. The Hindu Veer Ragwachari Madrash
8. Kesri & Maratha Bal Gangadhar Tilak Bombay
9. Bengali Surendra Nath Benerjee Calcutta
10. Young India Mahatma Gandhi Ahemdabad
11. Nav Jevan Mahatma Gandhi Ahemdabad
12. Harijan Mahatma Gandhi Pune
13. Independence M.L. Nehru Allahabad
14. Hindustan Times K.M Panikkar Delhi
15. The Tribuen Sin Dayal Singh Chandigarh
16. Al-Hilal Mollana Abul Kalam
Al-Bilal Azad Calcutta
17. Hamdard Mohd. Ali Jinha Lahore
18. The Hindu Pathiot Harish Chandra Mukherjee Calcutta.
19. Gadar Gadar Party Sen fnansisco
America.
Important Religious & Social Reforms in India
Society Place Founder
1. vkReh; lHkk caxky jktkjke eksgu jk;
2. czã lekt caxky jktk jke eksgu jk;
3. vkfn czã lekt caxky ds'ko panz lsu
4. lk/kkj.k czã lekt caxky fo'oukFk 'kkL=h
5- nf{k.k Hkkjr dk czã lekt enzkl Jh /kjyw uk;Mw
6- rRocksf/kuh lHkk caxky nsoUs nz ukFk VSxksj
7- izkFkZuk lekt cEcbZ xksfoan jukMs
8- vk;Z lekt cEcbZ n;kuUn ljLorh
9- n;kuUn ,aXyks oSfnd dkWyst ykgkSj galjkt o yktir jk;
10- xq:dqy gfj}kj Lokeh n;kuan
11- jke Ñ".k eB dydÙkk Lokeh foosdkuUn

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 12- lsUnz.k fgUnq dkWyst okjk.klh ,uh cslsUV
13- eqfLye ,aXyks vksfj,.Vy vyhx<+ lj lS¸;n vgen [kku
dkWyst
14- nsoUs nz Ldwy lgkjuiqj eks- dkfle
15- Nam Dhari Aandolan Punjab Ramsingh
16- Radha Swami Satsang Agra Devendra Nath
Tagore
17- Scientific India Patriotic Aligarh Sayyed Ahmad
Society Khan
18- Deenbandhu Sarvjanik Bombay Jyotiba fule
Sabha
19- Vidhwa Ashram Pune D.K. Carve
20- Women Unit Pune D.K. Carve
21- Aatm Samman Aandolan Madrash Rama Swami
Ayyer.

Governers/ Governer Generals/ ViceRoy

1. Robert Clive 1757–1760, 1765–1767
• 1757 & Battle of Plassy
• 1765 & bykgkckn dh laf/k
• 1765 & caxky esa }S/k 'kklu
• blus ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ij migkj ysus ij izfrca/k yxk;kA
• ;g ,dek= Governer ftlus vkRegR;k dhA
• 1767 & caxky esa Society for trade dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1764 – Battle of Buxer – Governer – Vencihart
2. Warren Hastings (1772 – 1785)
• Last Governer & First Governer General of Bengal.
• 1772 & }S/k 'kklu dk var
• 1772 & District Collector ds in dh LFkkiuk
• 1773 – Regulating Act of 1773
• 1774 – Foundation of SC in Calcutta
• 1780 – Foundation of General Post Office in Calcutta.
• 1784 – Foundation of General post office in Calcutta.
• 1784 – Pits India Act
• 1785 – Inpeachment ¼vgfHk;ksx½
3. Lord Carnvalis 1786 – 1793

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 • blus caxky esa 4–session count dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1. Calcutta, 2. Patna, 3. Murshidabad, 4. Dhaka
• blus Hkkjr esa LFkk;h cankscLr ;k tehankjh O;oLFkk dh 'kq:vkr@LFkkiuk dhA
• bls Hkkjrh; ukxfjd lsok (ICS) dk tud dgk tkrk gSA
• 1805 & bldh e`R;q Hkkjr esa gqbZA
bldh dcz m-iz- ds xkthiqj esa gSA
4. Sir Johnsore 1793 – 1798
• Charter Act of 1793
• 1796 – Battle of Khurda
B/w Britishers & Nizams
5. Lord Welleselly 1798 – 1805
• blus Hkkjrh; lekpkj i=ksa ij izfrca/k yxk;kA
• 1800 – Foundation of fort William college – Calcutta
• 1803 – vaxzstksa us fnYyh ij vf/kdkj djds eqxyksa dks viuk isa'kudkjh cuk;kA
6. Sir George Barlo 1805 – 1807
• 1806 – First Army Revolt of India in Vellore Tamilnadu.
7. Lord Minto I 1807 – 1813
• 1809 – Treaty of Amritsar
B/w Minto I & Ranjit Singh.
8. Lord Hastings 1813 – 1823
• Charter Act of 1813.
• He prohibited Indian Press to Press against British Emperor.
• In his period Sanyasi Revolt were happened in Bengal.
9. Lord William Bantick 1828 – 1835
• blus Hkkjr ls rhu izFkk,¡ lekIr dh
& 1829 & lrh izFkk
& 1830 & Bxh izFkk
& 1833 & uj cyh izFkk
• blus Divisional commissioner ¼esMy vk;qDr½ dk in cuk;kA
• blus vkxjk izslhMsl
a h esa SC dh [k.MihB LFkkfir dhA
• 1833 – Charter – Act.
• caxky dk vafre ,oa Hkkjr dk izFke Governer General
10. Lord Charles Metcoff 1835 – 1836
• bls Press dk eqfDr nkrk dgk tkrk gS D;ksfa d blus Hkkjrh; lekpkj i=ksa ls izfrca/k gVk;kA

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 11. Lord Dalhausie 1848 – 1857
• Hkkjr esa Doctrine of Lapse ¼gM+Ik dh uhfr½ pykbZA
• 1850 – First train of India started in Rurkiee which was basically a Goods
train.
• 1852 – blus Public Work Departments ¼yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx dh LFkkiuk dhA½
& blus India Post Departments dh LFkkiuk dhA
& blus Telegram Service dh 'kq:vkrA
& blus Posting Tickets ¼Mkd fVdVks½ dh 'kq:vkr
• 16 vizSy] 1853 & He started first passenger train Bombay to Thane on a track of
34 km.
• He made Shimla the Summer capital of the Britishers.
• 1856 & blus Widow Ramarriage Bill is'k fd;kA
12. Lord Canning (1856 – 1862)
• Last G.G. and 1st Vice Roy of India
• 1856 & widow Remarriage Act
• The Revolt of 1857.
• 1858 – Government of India Act.
• 1860 – First Indian Budget was Presented by James Wilson.
• 1861 – India High Court Act. As per this Act in 1862 3 High Court were
established in Calcutta, Madras, Bombay.
• He is known as the father of classification of Indian departments
13. Sir John Lawrence 1863 – 1869
• He started the development of Indian Railways.
• blus Hkkjr esa flapkbZ ds fy, ugjksa dk fuekZ.k djok;kA
• In 1869 – He founded Videsh Sanchan Nigam Limited.
14. Lord Mayo 1869 – 1872
• In 1870 – He founded Mayo college in Ajmer.
• In 1872 – He conducted first Census of India.
• 1872 – He was killed in part Blair by Sher Ali Afridi.
15. Lord Ripon 1880 – 1884
• He is known as the father of Indian Census.
• 1881 & fu;fer tux.ku dh 'kq:vkr djokbZA
• 1882 – He started Local Governence in India ¼LFkkuh; Lo'kklu½
• 1881 – First Factory Act and as per this act he prohibited child labour.
16. Lord Dufferin 1884 – 1888

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 • 1885 format of congress by A.O. Hume.
17. Lord Curzon (1899 – 1905)
• ;g Hkkjr dk lcls vfiz; ok;ljk; FkkA
• ;g ,d iqjkrkfRod Hkh FkhA
• 1904 – Foundation of Public Service Commission.
• 1904 – Foundation of Natural Disaster Commission.
• 1905 – Foundation of Arcelogical servey of India.
• 1905 – Pantition of Bengal.
18. Lord Minto – II (1905 – 1910)
• 1906 – Foundation of Muslim leage by Aaga khan.
• 1907 – Split of Congress in Surat session.
President of that session – Ras Bihari Ghosh.
• 1909 – Marley – Minto Refarms Act.
19. Lord Harding – II (1910-1916)
• 1911 – British King – George V – Arrived in India.
Getway of India.
• jfoUnz ukFk VSxksj us ^tu&x.k&eu* fy[kkA
• dkaxzsl ds dydÙkk vf/kos'ku esa lcls igys xk;k x;k FkkA
vè;{krk & Bishan Narayan Dar.
• fnYyh njckj yxk;k x;kA

• 1912 esa gqvk & gkfM±x ce dkaM

• Lord Handing II ij ce Qsdk x;kA
jktfcgkjh cksl us Qsdk FkkA
• 1913 esa jfoUnzukFk VSxksj dks & Knighthood lEeku fn;k x;kA
• 1913 esa jfounz ukFk VSxksj dh jpuk xhrkatfy ds fy, bUgsa ukscy iqjLdkj feyk FkkA
• 9 tuojh] 1915 xk¡/kh th South Africa ls okil ykSVsA
20 Lord Chelmsford (1916-1921)
• 1916 & esa enueksgu ekyoh; us cukjl fgUnq fo'ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1916 & egkRek xk¡/kh us lkcjerh vkJe dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1917 & Hkkjr esa xk¡/kh th dk izFke vkanksyu
pEikj.k lR;kxzg ¼fdlku vkanksyu½ fcgkj

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 • blh vkanksyu ds nkSjku jfoUnz ukFk VSxksj us xk¡/kh th dks egkRek dh mikf/k nhA
• 1918& [ksM+k lR;kxzg
• egkRek xk¡/kh o ljnkj HkkbZ iVsy us usr`Ro fd;kA
• 10 vizSy] 1919 xk¡/kh th dks igyh ckj iyoy LVs'ku ls fxj¶rkj fd;kA
• 13 vizSy] 1919 tfy;k¡okyk ckx dkaM
• jfoUnz ukFk VSxksj us knighthood dh mikf/k rFkk xk¡/kh th us dSlj&,&fgUn dh mikf/k
okil ykSVk nh FkhA
• 1919 – Montegue – chelmsfood Refarm University.
• 1 vxLr] 1920 xk¡/kh th us vlg;ksx vkanksyu 'kq: fd;kA
21. Lord Reading (1921-1926)
• 1921 & Prime of wales arrived in India.
• 15 Qjojh & 1922 pkSjh&pkSjk dkaM
11 Qjojh & 1922 & xk¡/kh th us viuk vlg;ksx vkanksyu okil fy;kA
• 1923 & Lord Reading us ICS esa fyf[kr ifjrk dh 'kq:vkr djokbZA
• 1925 & eksrh yky usg: us Lojkt ikVhZ dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1925 & dkdksjh dkaM
22. Lord Irwin 1926-1931
• 1927 – Foundation of Delhi & Nagpur Universities.
• 1928 & Hkkjr esa lkbeu vk;ksx dk vkxeu gqvkA
blh ds fojks/k esa ykyk yktir jk; dh e`R;q ykgkSj esa gqbZA
• 1928 esa M.L Nehru us Delhi esa viuh Nehru Report is'k dhA
• 1929 & Hkxr flag] jktxq: vkSj lq[knso ds }kjk lkUMlZ dh gR;kA
• 1928 & ckjnksyh lR;kxzg
& ljnkj oYyHk HkkbZ iVsy usr`Ro dj jgs FksA
• 1929 & Hkxr flag ds }kjk National Assembly esa ce Qsadk x;kA
& vkSj budykc ftUnkckn dk ukjk fn;kA
& eksgEen bdcky us fn;k FkkA
& blesa cVqds'koj nÙk us Hkxr flag dh enn dh FkhA
• 12 ekpZ] 1930 MkaMh ekpZ
• uoEcj] 1930 & yaMu esa izFke xksy est lEesyu
• 5 ekpZ 1931 & xk¡/kh&bjfou le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj gq,A
• 23 ekpZ] 1991 & dks Hkxrflag jktxq: vkSj lq[knso dks ykgkSj lsUVªy tsy esa Qk¡lh nh x;hA
23. Lord Willington (1931 – 1936)

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 • 1933 & pkS/kjh jger vyh us ikfdLrku 'kCn fn;kA
• 1935 & Government of India Act.
24. Lord Lin Lithgo (1936 – 1944)
• 1936 & Hkkjr esa izFke ckj pquko gq,A tks izkarh; fo/kkulHkk ds pquko FksA
• 1939 & lqHkk"k pUnz cksl & us QkjoMZ Cykd ikVhZ dh LFkkiuk dhA
• 1940 & vxLr izLrko Hkkjr vk;kA
• 1940 & esa ikfdLrku dh ek¡x eqfLye yhx ds }kjk djkph vf/kos'ku esa dh xbZA
• 1942 & Crips Mission
• 1943 & lqHkk"k pUnz cksl us xk¡/khth dks jk"Vªfirk dgkA
25. Lord Wavell (1944-1947)
• 24 vDVwcj] 1945 & UNO dk xBu
• 1946 & Cabinet Mission Plan
• 1946 & lafo/kku lHkk dh izFke fuokZpu
• 1946 & eqfLye yhx us ukjk fn;k&
ÞfoHkktu djks vkSj tkvksß
26. Lord Mountbatten (1947–1948)
• ;g Hkkjr dk vafre ,oa Lora= Hkkjr dk igyk xouZj tujy FkkA
• 1947 – Indian Independence Act.
Chakravati Rajgopalachari (1948–1950)
• ;g izFke Hkkjrh; G.G. FksA
• bUgsa jktkth ,oa vk/kqfud Hkkjr dk pk.kD;k dgk tkrk gSA
• ;g varfje ljdkj esa f'k{kk ea=h FksA
• 24 tuojh] 1950 & President – (U.S.A ls)
24 tuojh] 1950 & Dr. Rajendra Prasad President
• bUgsa jktuhfr ds fy, 1954 esa Hkkjr jRu lEeku fn;k x;kA
Bharat Ratna
• Art, Politics, Education, Social Work
• Only 3 person in a year.
1st Bharat Ratna – S. Radhakrishnan
2nd Bharat Ratna – C. Rajgopalachari
3rd Bharat Ratna – C.V. Raman

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