University of Cebu

College of Engineering Research Format

Revised: S.Y. 2019-2020

PROPOSED INTERCONNECTED FOOT BRIDGE IN BARANGAY KALUBIHAN

ALONG NATALIO B. BACALSO AVENUE, CEBU CITY, PHILIPPINES

A project Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Engineering

University of Cebu – Main Campus
Sanciangko St., Cebu City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

By:

Francis Mark B. Tumampos

John Clyde Bernido
Christian B. Maribao

August 2019
 University of Cebu
College of Engineering Research Format
Revised: S.Y. 2019-2020

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis paper entitled “High Speed Patrol Boats For Philippine Coastal
Defense, Search And Rescue” has been prepared and submitted by Jayvie O.
Albarando, Marco C. Dela Cruz and Apple L. Saturre in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Naval Architecture and Marine
Engineering and is hereby examined, accepted and approved.

_________________________

Chairman of the Panellists

___________________________ __________________________

Adviser Panel Member

___________________________ __________________________

Panel Member Panel Member

ENGR. FEDERICO A. AVES, JR.

Research Coordinator, College of Engineering

ENGR. GREG R. BELONGILOT

Dean, College of Engineering

 University of Cebu
College of Engineering Research Format
Revised: S.Y. 2019-2020

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study

Strolling has consistently been the essential methods for human velocity. Every year, in
excess of 270 000 people on foot lose their lives on the world's streets. Many leave their
homes as they would on some random day never to return. All inclusive, walkers
comprise 22% of all street traffic fatalities, and in certain nations this extent is as high as
66% of all street traffic passings. A great many people on foot are non-lethally harmed –
some of whom are left with perpetual inabilities. These occurrences cause much torment
and sadness just as financial hardship.

The ability to react to walker wellbeing is a significant part of endeavors to counteract

street traffic wounds. Walker impacts, as other street car accidents, ought not be
acknowledged as unavoidable on the grounds that they are both unsurprising and
preventable. The key dangers to people on foot are all around reported, and they
incorporate issues identified with an expansive scope of components: driver conduct
especially as far as speeding and drinking and driving; framework as far as an absence
of committed offices for walkers, for example, walkways, raised crosswalks and
medians; and vehicle configuration as far as strong vehicle fronts which are not
pardoning to walkers should they be struck. Poor injury care benefits in numerous
nations likewise impede endeavors to give the pressing treatment expected to spare
walker lives.

This proposed project is going to be a big help to the continuing problem of pedestrians
 University of Cebu
College of Engineering Research Format
Revised: S.Y. 2019-2020

Theoretical Background

To start with, the connection among vehicle and person on foot systems and directions

should be formalized. It has been exhibited that specific topology ideas, for example,

'inside', 'outside' and 'neighborhood' of a topological article, are suitable for portraying

the worldwide properties of vehicle and walker directions (Papadimitriou, 2012). All the

more explicitly, the Jordan Curve Theorem of topology expresses that "a bend separates

the plane space into two particular sets, an 'inside' and an 'outside' one and any way

from one set to the next meets with the bend". A few examinations demonstrate that, the

course decision or the street crossing area decision might be influenced (regularly

progressively) by the street envi-ronment and land use, the traffic conditions, the

inclinations of people on foot (for example chance versus defer acknowledgment), their

age and sexual orientation and so on ( Chu et al. 2004, Papadimitriou, 2012, Brémond et

al. 2012). Regardless of whether this examination does not offer answers for decline

chance evaluation of walkers, we discovered explicit components hidden street

intersection and contrasts between societies or sex. These instruments ought to be

actualized in models of people on foot's practices so as to reenact and better plan urban

street systems (Papadimitriou, 2012) and areas of stamped roadways (Zhuang and Wu,

2011a; Aoyagi et al., 2011).This better data about street crossing conduct would likewise

help with setting a method of reasoning for requirement and needs for government

funded training as recommended by King et al. (2009). Seeing vehicles before

intersection the street is the most every now and again referenced safe conduct that was

polished by the people on foot. A few models attempted to clarify crossing practices and

this hole or choice time at checked or plain roadway yet did not survey accurately the

instrument fundamental basic leadership to cross (Zhuang and Wu,

2011a;Papadimitriou, 2012). The fundamental reason was that mishaps are brought
 University of Cebu
College of Engineering Research Format
Revised: S.Y. 2019-2020

about by individuals with some character issue. This way to deal with the instrument of

mishaps was tested by Forbes, as ahead of schedule as in 1939, who saw that most

auto collisions are brought about by normal drivers (Jamroz, 2006Jamroz, , 2008).A few

gatherings, for example, ladies and more seasoned individuals are especially unwilling to

utilizing grade-isolated intersection offices, particularly around evening time ( Rankavat

and Tiwari, 2016;Tanaboriboon and Jing, 1994). The broad writing on walker crossing

conduct has utilized a wide assortment of strategies, including self-finished polls (

Bernhoft and Carstensen, 2008), individual meetings ( Hine, 1996), video studies (

Sisiopiku and Akin, 2003), person on foot following ( Papadimitriou, 2012), tests (

Granié, Brenac, Montel, Millot, and Coquelet, 2014), GIS investigation ( Lassarre et al.,

2012), and uncovered inclination examination ( Olszewski and Wibowo, 2005). Most

examinations found that long holding up times and components that reduction wellbeing,

availability, and individual security impact street crossing conduct, course decision, and

the affinity to walk. All the more as of late, Papadimitriou (2012) created and tried a

hypothetical structure dependent on arbitrary utility hypothesis for demonstrating

passerby crossing conduct along outings with regards to urban territories. [11] She

assessed the number and sort of intersection offices along walker courses sing a

topological investigation of urban street systems and passerby trips and displayed the

decision of intersection area. The investigation inferred that there is a need to

consolidate progressively attitudinal and social information inside the models to all the

more likely comprehend person on foot crossing conduct. In a few explores, a degree of

administration approach is actualized for street crossing, in which the trouble to cross is

utilized as a proportion of adequacy for person on foot level of administration (Baltes and

Chu, 2002; Sarkar, 1995). In addition, people on foot's intersection decisions among a

lot of discrete options are frequently demonstrated based on utility hypothesis (Chu et
 University of Cebu
College of Engineering Research Format
Revised: S.Y. 2019-2020

al., 2003; Muraleetharan, Takeo, Toru, Kagaya, and Kawamura, 2004; Papadimitriou,

2012 ), with various models being proposed, including successive, settled and

crossnested models. These models mean to clarify person on foot crossing conduct in

connection to street, traffic and passerby attributes , yet prevail with regards to doing as

such just somewhat. As respects the person on foot course decision and wayfinding

along a system, a few research-ers have as of late shown that people on foot are relied

upon to either limit the quantity of alters in course, or the complete number of

intersections ( Vogt et al., 2012;Papadimitriou, 2012). In reality, a way with a few alters

of course (while staying 'along' the walkway) limits the quantity of intersections,

particularly of those outside intersections; then again, a way that limits the alters of

course compares to an expanded number of cross-ings, particularly mid-square ones.

Papadimitriou had demonstrated street crossing basic leadership process, where

discrete decision models were used (Eleonora, 2012). Koh and Wong displayed hole

acknowledgment of disregarding walkers at signalized person on foot intersections

contrasted and uncontrolled intersections and mid-square arterial roads, thinking about

the communication with vehicular traffic (Koh and Wong, 2014).

 University of Cebu
College of Engineering Research Format
Revised: S.Y. 2019-2020

Flow of Research Process

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

The footbridge is a vital structure in the road network and a cornerstone

among crossing facilities. Yet, it suffers from low usage by pedestrians as

they try to cross the street on the level. This study aims to analyze the

perceptions of the respondents to pedestrians toward the use of

footbridges with the consideration of different factors. The following are the

objectives of the study:

1. To determine the factors effecting the use of footbridges.

2. To assess the significant relationship between the traffic in the area and the

proposed building of footbridges.

3. To explore the significant relationship between building footbridges and the

rampant jaywalking
 University of Cebu
College of Engineering Research Format
Revised: S.Y. 2019-2020

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Footbridges (or pedestrian bridges) are structures whose primary purpose is to carry

pedestrians over a physical obstacle. In transport planning and engineering, pedestrian

modes of travel are often treated as an afterthought and given less consideration than

motorized modes. Although the external costs imposed by pedestrians on the system are

minimal, no clear credit is given to them in the context of how they are treated in the

mode hierarchy, particularly in urban areas (Litman, 2005). One solution to the problem

of vulnerability of pedestrians is installing facilities that separate pedestrian routs from

motor vehicle flow. Pedestrian bridge is a safe channel for pedestrians without causing

any delays in the motor vehicle flow. A particular topic of interest could be investigating

the reasons of not choosing the available pedestrian bridges by pedestrians, even though

the pedestrians are aware of the fact that these bridges provide a safer means for crossing

the streets. While people understand the risks of accidents associated with crossing the

traffic at the street level, some choose not to use the pedestrian bridges. Therefore, this

study was designed to explore the influential factors on the perceived used of footbridges

in the area.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Footbridges-

Pedestrian-
 University of Cebu
College of Engineering Research Format
Revised: S.Y. 2019-2020

RESEARCH DESIGN

Research Methods

Survey Method

The data were collected by limiting the survey to the number of variables considered

important in determining the usefulness of a pedestrian bridge crossing. These surveys

were divided, three groups:

a. Pedestrian survey, consisting of counting the number of pedestrians, crossing time

conferences, comparison of travel time and pedestrian interview.

b. The traffic survey, comprised of the calculation of a large volume of traffic and the

composition and speed of the vehicle.

c. Geometric road, consisting of the width of the road, the direction of the vehicle flow

(one-way or two-way).Surveys of pedestrian calculations, crossings, traffic volume, and

vehicle speed are performed simultaneously at the same time.

 University of Cebu
College of Engineering Research Format
Revised: S.Y. 2019-2020

Research Environment

Barangay Kalubihan along Natalio B. Bacalso Ave. is well-knowned specifically for those

people who always passed-by the area most commonly the students from the school

nearby, the people who come and through to the nearest mall, the south bus terminal

and has streets that the vehicles and people used on their daily basis.But due to many

establishments build in the area, it became overcrowded that leads the people to not

follow the rules anymore. Jaywalking, double parkings, and traffic are some of the

violations that resulted in the area.

 University of Cebu
College of Engineering Research Format
Revised: S.Y. 2019-2020

Research Respondents (if applicable)

Data Analysis

CHAPTER II

PRESENTATION OF RESULTS, ANALYIS AND INTERPRETATION

CHAPTER III

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS