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Screening of Microbes
Screening of Microbes
Screening of Microbes
In this article we will discuss about the primary and secondary screening of
microorganisms. The economics of a fermentation process largely depends upon the type of
microorganism used. If fermentation process is to yield a product at a cheaper price the chosen
microorganism should give the desired product in a predictable and economically adequate
quantity. The microorganism with a desired characters is generally isolated from natural substrates
like soil etc. Such an organism is generally called as a producer strain.
Detection and isolation of a microorganism from a natural environment like soil containing
large number of microbial population is called as screening. It is very time consuming and
expensive process. For example, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd discovered three species of antibiotic
producing organisms in a span of 10 years and after screening 4,00,000 organisms.
Although there are many screening techniques, all of them are generally grouped into two broad
categories. They are:
1. Primary screening
2. Secondary screening.
This is known as secondary screening, which can provide broad range of information pertaining
to the:
i. Ability or potentiality of the organism to produce metabolite that can be used as an industrial
organism.
ii. The quality of the yield product.
iii. The type of fermentation process that is able to perform.
iv. Elimination of the organisms, which are not industrially important.
To evaluate the true potential of the isolated microorganisms both qualitative and quantitative
analysis are generally conducted. The sensitivity of the test organism towards a newly discovered
antibiotic is generally analysed during qualitative analysis, while the quantum yield of newly
discovered antibiotic is estimated by the quantitative analysis.
After carrying out the above mentioned routine tests further studies are also conducted to know
the following additional information: