Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 3

Energy

 travels  through  space  by  electromagnetic  radiation  (Table  1).  There  are  
many  forms  of  radiant  energy,  such  as  sunlight,  microwave  oven  energy,  X-­‐rays  and  
heat  from  a  fireplace.  All  forms  of  electromagnetic  radiation  exhibit  wavelike  
behaviour  and  travel  at  the  speed  of  light  (c)  in  a  vacuum.  Wavelength,  frequency  
and  speed  are  the  three  primary  characteristics  of  waves.  Wavelength  (λ)  is  the  
distance  between  two  consecutive  peaks  in  a  wave.  Frequency  (ν)  is  the  number  of  
waves  (cycles)  per  second  that  pass  a  given  point  in  space.  There  is  an  inverse  
relationship  between  wavelength  and  frequency—short  wavelength  radiation  has  a  
high  frequency,  whereas  long  wavelength  radiation  has  a  low  frequency.  
 
 
Table  1:    Classification  of  Electromagnetic  Radiation  
Types  of  Radiation   Wavelength  (meters)  
in  Increasing  Order  
Gamma  rays   1  x  10-­‐12  
X-­‐rays   1  x  10-­‐10  
Ultraviolet  rays   1  x  10-­‐8  
Visible  light  spectrum   4  x  10-­‐7  –  7  x  10-­‐7  
Infrared   1  x  10-­‐4  
Microwaves   1  x  10-­‐2  
Radio  waves    
         FM   1  
         Shortwave   1  x  102  
         AM   1  x  104  
 
 
Alfred  and  Gwen  ran  experiments  to  measure  the  wavelengths  of  various  types  
of  energy  sources.  Alfred  used  energy  sources  that  emit  microwave  radiation,  
whereas  Gwen  used  sources  that  emit  infrared  radiation.  After  determining  the  
wavelengths  of  the  energy  sources  used,  they  calculated  the  frequency  of  radiation  
for  each  source  using  the  following  formula  for  the  speed  of  light:  
 
c  =  λν,  where  
λ  =  wavelength  (meters  (m))  
ν  =  frequency  (cycles  per  second  =  1/s  =  Hertz  (Hz))  
c  =  speed  of  light  (m/s)  =  2.9979  x  108  m/s  
 
Frequency  can  be  calculated  by  rearranging  this  equation  to  solve  for  frequency,  
ν  =  c/λ.  Alfred  and  Gwen  plotted  frequency  as  a  function  of  wavelength  and  the  
resulting  graphs  are  shown  in  Figures  1  and  2.    
Figure  1:    Alfred’s  Experiment  –  Microwave  Radiation  
 

 
 
   
Figure  2:    Gwen’s  Experiment  –  Infrared  Radiation  
 

 
 
 

You might also like