1

00:00:48,060 --> 00:00:50,980

hi my name is Steve Pyle and I'm a

2
00:00:50,980 --> 00:00:53,170
welder whether you're headed out to work

3
00:00:53,170 --> 00:00:54,820
in the welding industry or out to your

4
00:00:54,820 --> 00:00:57,400
home shop the Golan welding is the same

5
00:00:57,400 --> 00:00:59,860
putting two pieces of metal together so

6
00:00:59,860 --> 00:01:02,350
they stay together there are many

7
00:01:02,350 --> 00:01:04,599
variations and options in joining metal

8
00:01:04,599 --> 00:01:06,700
not only material thickness well

9
00:01:06,700 --> 00:01:08,890
position or strength requirements but

10
00:01:08,890 --> 00:01:11,140
also individual techniques and skill

11
00:01:11,140 --> 00:01:14,260
levels every weld joint is made one weld

12
00:01:14,260 --> 00:01:16,509
bead at a time so let's review some of

13
00:01:16,509 --> 00:01:19,720
the basic fundamentals whether you're

14
00:01:19,720 --> 00:01:21,640
welding machine is electric or portable

15
00:01:21,640 --> 00:01:23,560
the power source will provide either
16
00:01:23,560 --> 00:01:25,780
alternating current or direct current to

17
00:01:25,780 --> 00:01:28,300
the electrode alternating current flows

18
00:01:28,300 --> 00:01:30,399
in both directions creating an amperage

19
00:01:30,399 --> 00:01:32,470
lag certain welding rods have been

20
00:01:32,470 --> 00:01:34,840
designed with stabilizers in the flux to

21
00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:37,140
help maintain the arc through these lags

22
00:01:37,140 --> 00:01:39,399
direct current welding machines provide

23
00:01:39,399 --> 00:01:41,380
a steady flow of current in one

24
00:01:41,380 --> 00:01:44,050
direction the direction of flow called

25
00:01:44,050 --> 00:01:46,510
polarity is determined by how the leads

26
00:01:46,510 --> 00:01:49,330
are connected to the welding machine DC

27
00:01:49,330 --> 00:01:52,060
plus with electrode positive is the

28
00:01:52,060 --> 00:01:53,979
polarity typically used for shielded

29
00:01:53,979 --> 00:01:56,799
metal arc welding all the common rods

30
00:01:56,799 --> 00:01:58,900
used for welding on carbon steel have

31
00:01:58,900 --> 00:02:00,520
characteristics that make them better

32
00:02:00,520 --> 00:02:03,790
suited for different situations the fast

33
00:02:03,790 --> 00:02:06,100
freeze rods have a strong arc force that

34
00:02:06,100 --> 00:02:08,280
helps burn off surface impurities a

35
00:02:08,280 --> 00:02:10,899
circular or side-to-side motion can be

36
00:02:10,899 --> 00:02:13,390
used to build up well or because of the

37
00:02:13,390 --> 00:02:15,489
light flux coating these rods can be

38
00:02:15,489 --> 00:02:18,100
stepped to provide maximum penetration

39
00:02:18,100 --> 00:02:21,190
in the vertical weld position 60 10 and

40
00:02:21,190 --> 00:02:22,840
60 11 can be run either

41
00:02:22,840 --> 00:02:26,350
uphill or downhill these are good rods

42
00:02:26,350 --> 00:02:29,110
for tacking up weld joints welding metal

43
00:02:29,110 --> 00:02:31,720
that is slightly rusted filling gaps in

44
00:02:31,720 --> 00:02:34,000
poorly fit joints and as a first pass

45
00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:36,489
for good penetration

46
00:02:36,489 --> 00:02:38,769
the filler odds don't penetrate as deep

47
00:02:38,769 --> 00:02:42,099
they build up well stabilizers in the

48
00:02:42,099 --> 00:02:44,829
flux make 6013 one of the simplest rods

49
00:02:44,829 --> 00:02:47,590
to use with a slightly heavier slag

50
00:02:47,590 --> 00:02:49,780
covering try to keep the arc in the

51
00:02:49,780 --> 00:02:53,379
puddle 6013 can also be run either up or

52
00:02:53,379 --> 00:02:56,019
down on vertical wells for

53
00:02:56,019 --> 00:02:58,900
general-purpose welding 6013 produces a

54
00:02:58,900 --> 00:03:02,620
smoother finished weld bead 7018

55
00:03:02,620 --> 00:03:05,170
contains iron powder in the flux and low

56
00:03:05,170 --> 00:03:07,989
hydrogen characteristics except for

57
00:03:07,989 --> 00:03:10,239
directly under the arc a heavy slag

58
00:03:10,239 --> 00:03:12,970
covers the entire weld puddle either

59
00:03:12,970 --> 00:03:14,530
running straight or with a side-to-side
60
00:03:14,530 --> 00:03:17,680
motion the arc needs to be maintained on

61
00:03:17,680 --> 00:03:19,930
the leading edge of the puddle in the

62
00:03:19,930 --> 00:03:23,489
vertical position 7018 is run uphill

63
00:03:23,489 --> 00:03:26,319
7018 requires better rod control but

64
00:03:26,319 --> 00:03:28,299
does provide the strongest welds for

65
00:03:28,299 --> 00:03:30,489
heavy stress situations and also the

66
00:03:30,489 --> 00:03:32,290
smoothest wells for ornamental type

67
00:03:32,290 --> 00:03:35,379
projects welding rods are available in

68
00:03:35,379 --> 00:03:37,299
different amounts it's a good idea to

69
00:03:37,299 --> 00:03:39,790
have both fast freeze and filler rods on

70
00:03:39,790 --> 00:03:43,479
hand cover yourself up or some good

71
00:03:43,479 --> 00:03:46,269
gloves a hat keep clean lenses in your

72
00:03:46,269 --> 00:03:48,430
welding hood and always wear safety

73
00:03:48,430 --> 00:03:51,220
glasses before you light the rod get

74
00:03:51,220 --> 00:03:53,859
comfortable scratch to light the arc
75
00:03:53,859 --> 00:03:56,519
bring the rod back and start the puddle

76
00:03:56,519 --> 00:03:59,049
maintain a uniform art gap with the

77
00:03:59,049 --> 00:04:00,729
amperage set high enough to let the

78
00:04:00,729 --> 00:04:03,189
puddle spread out the molten metal

79
00:04:03,189 --> 00:04:05,290
follows the heat make sure you're

80
00:04:05,290 --> 00:04:06,879
filling in along the edges to avoid

81
00:04:06,879 --> 00:04:09,790
undercut add a little extra metal to the

82
00:04:09,790 --> 00:04:12,099
puddle before pulling out back over the

83
00:04:12,099 --> 00:04:15,129
weld you should always examine the

84
00:04:15,129 --> 00:04:17,440
finished weld bead for any defects but

85
00:04:17,440 --> 00:04:19,899
really you need to see the weld as it's

86
00:04:19,899 --> 00:04:22,840
going in this is a totally manual

87
00:04:22,840 --> 00:04:25,330
process you have to control the heat and

88
00:04:25,330 --> 00:04:27,669
filler metal during the well by watching

89
00:04:27,669 --> 00:04:30,039
and understanding the molten puddle look

90
00:04:30,039 --> 00:04:32,380
pass the rod and the light focusing

91
00:04:32,380 --> 00:04:34,990
directly on the molten pool watch the

92
00:04:34,990 --> 00:04:37,449
edges and then well build up constantly

93
00:04:37,449 --> 00:04:39,820
analyzing how it's flowing out and how

94
00:04:39,820 --> 00:04:42,370
fluid it is making slight adjustments

95
00:04:42,370 --> 00:04:44,610
when necessary

96
00:04:44,610 --> 00:04:46,439
the amperage setting which regulates the

97
00:04:46,439 --> 00:04:48,090
amount of current flowing through the

98
00:04:48,090 --> 00:04:50,490
rod is the main control of the heat

99
00:04:50,490 --> 00:04:53,129
available to the weld when the amperage

100
00:04:53,129 --> 00:04:55,530
is set too low the puddle only forms

101
00:04:55,530 --> 00:04:58,050
under the rod increasing the average

102
00:04:58,050 --> 00:05:00,360
generates enough heat to form a molten

103
00:05:00,360 --> 00:05:02,520
pool along with starting to get

104
00:05:02,520 --> 00:05:04,710
penetration this is where you begin to

105
00:05:04,710 --> 00:05:06,750
have control of the edges of the puddle

106
00:05:06,750 --> 00:05:09,780
and the well build up there isn't an

107
00:05:09,780 --> 00:05:12,180
exact amperage setting here in fact this

108
00:05:12,180 --> 00:05:13,860
is one of those things that welders see

109
00:05:13,860 --> 00:05:16,409
differently also as the metal thickness

110
00:05:16,409 --> 00:05:19,050
or well position changes the amount of

111
00:05:19,050 --> 00:05:21,870
heat required will be different watch

112
00:05:21,870 --> 00:05:24,000
the puddle you're looking for it to flow

113
00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:26,490
out to the sides of the rod when the

114
00:05:26,490 --> 00:05:28,590
amperage is increased more the molten

115
00:05:28,590 --> 00:05:31,250
pool penetrates deeper and spreads

116
00:05:31,250 --> 00:05:33,870
eventually the filler metal becomes so

117
00:05:33,870 --> 00:05:35,669
fluid and agitated you can no longer

118
00:05:35,669 --> 00:05:38,669
control it experiment with the amperage
119
00:05:38,669 --> 00:05:40,740
setting for good penetration and

120
00:05:40,740 --> 00:05:42,840
smoother weld you want the amperage set

121
00:05:42,840 --> 00:05:44,909
as high as you can while keeping the

122
00:05:44,909 --> 00:05:46,979
molten metal from becoming too fluid to

123
00:05:46,979 --> 00:05:50,250
handle because of the characteristics of

124
00:05:50,250 --> 00:05:52,319
the flux coating the puddle will look

125
00:05:52,319 --> 00:05:54,060
different depending on the type of rod

126
00:05:54,060 --> 00:05:56,340
you're using the entire puddle is

127
00:05:56,340 --> 00:05:58,909
visible with sixty ten or sixty eleven

128
00:05:58,909 --> 00:06:01,529
slag covers the top rim of sixty

129
00:06:01,529 --> 00:06:03,690
thirteen but the molten metal is still

130
00:06:03,690 --> 00:06:05,789
visible on the sides and the puddle

131
00:06:05,789 --> 00:06:08,580
should move easily with the rod with

132
00:06:08,580 --> 00:06:12,029
7018 slag covers the entire puddle but

133
00:06:12,029 --> 00:06:13,830
you still want to see it flowing out to
134
00:06:13,830 --> 00:06:16,469
the sides with the slag solidifying back

135
00:06:16,469 --> 00:06:18,990
from the rod during the weld the filler

136
00:06:18,990 --> 00:06:21,270
metal is actually solidifying underneath

137
00:06:21,270 --> 00:06:23,819
well the slag stays molten in the

138
00:06:23,819 --> 00:06:26,159
horizontal or vertical position the slag

139
00:06:26,159 --> 00:06:28,589
can run or drift don't let this fool you

140
00:06:28,589 --> 00:06:31,500
into thinking the weld is too hot you'll

141
00:06:31,500 --> 00:06:33,539
probably need to experiment more to set

142
00:06:33,539 --> 00:06:36,210
the amperage for 7018 but you will get

143
00:06:36,210 --> 00:06:38,009
better results running a little to the

144
00:06:38,009 --> 00:06:39,830
hot side

145
00:06:39,830 --> 00:06:42,169
regardless of which Rajee use the

146
00:06:42,169 --> 00:06:44,479
amperage only provides the heat the

147
00:06:44,479 --> 00:06:46,310
right angle determines how fast the

148
00:06:46,310 --> 00:06:48,949
metal will heat up when the rod is held

149
00:06:48,949 --> 00:06:51,740
more perpendicular the molten pool forms

150
00:06:51,740 --> 00:06:54,259
and spreads quickly allowing a faster

151
00:06:54,259 --> 00:06:56,210
travel speed the limit penetration on

152
00:06:56,210 --> 00:06:58,759
thinner metals deposit less metal for a

153
00:06:58,759 --> 00:07:01,310
smaller weld or flatten the bead in a

154
00:07:01,310 --> 00:07:04,370
bevel as the rod is angle some of the

155
00:07:04,370 --> 00:07:06,949
heat is taken off the metal a slower

156
00:07:06,949 --> 00:07:08,960
travel speed can be used to build up a

157
00:07:08,960 --> 00:07:12,500
crown weld bead if the rod is angled too

158
00:07:12,500 --> 00:07:15,440
much the metal won't get hot enough the

159
00:07:15,440 --> 00:07:17,630
molten pool will narrow the bead will

160
00:07:17,630 --> 00:07:19,849
stack up and you'll lose control of the

161
00:07:19,849 --> 00:07:23,150
edges of the puddle on most weld joints

162
00:07:23,150 --> 00:07:24,889
with a good fit up you want to maintain

163
00:07:24,889 --> 00:07:27,229
a consistent rod angle to produce a

164
00:07:27,229 --> 00:07:30,080
uniform weld bead in some situations

165
00:07:30,080 --> 00:07:32,030
though you may need to vary the rod

166
00:07:32,030 --> 00:07:34,969
angle during the weld to fill a gap in a

167
00:07:34,969 --> 00:07:37,250
weld joint the rod can be angled more

168
00:07:37,250 --> 00:07:39,680
slowing down to deposit more metal

169
00:07:39,680 --> 00:07:42,500
keeping the build-up uniform then angled

170
00:07:42,500 --> 00:07:45,710
back up to finish the weld controlling

171
00:07:45,710 --> 00:07:47,659
the rod angle takes a little practice

172
00:07:47,659 --> 00:07:50,229
but you need to stay loose and relaxed

173
00:07:50,229 --> 00:07:52,280
whether you're holding the rod up to

174
00:07:52,280 --> 00:07:54,590
flatten the bead or angling it to build

175
00:07:54,590 --> 00:07:57,050
up well you want to travel at a speed

176
00:07:57,050 --> 00:07:59,029
that keeps the molten puddle of the same

177
00:07:59,029 --> 00:08:02,750
size watch the puddle if the travel
178
00:08:02,750 --> 00:08:05,060
speed is too fast the metal doesn't have

179
00:08:05,060 --> 00:08:07,819
time to melt so the puddle narrows if

180
00:08:07,819 --> 00:08:10,009
the travel is too slow the metal gets

181
00:08:10,009 --> 00:08:11,900
hotter and the puddle spreads

182
00:08:11,900 --> 00:08:13,880
depending on the rod the filler metal

183
00:08:13,880 --> 00:08:16,750
may flatten out or stack up and roll

184
00:08:16,750 --> 00:08:19,370
always maintain the size of the puddle

185
00:08:19,370 --> 00:08:21,699
with the travel speed

186
00:08:21,699 --> 00:08:24,219
last is the arc gap which is the

187
00:08:24,219 --> 00:08:26,080
distance from the tip of the rod to the

188
00:08:26,080 --> 00:08:28,240
metal shielded metal arc welding

189
00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:30,460
machines use a constant current power

190
00:08:30,460 --> 00:08:31,210
source

191
00:08:31,210 --> 00:08:33,760
the amperage is set with the voltage

192
00:08:33,760 --> 00:08:37,120
varying to maintain the arc you want to
193
00:08:37,120 --> 00:08:39,339
avoid jamming the rod right down against

194
00:08:39,339 --> 00:08:41,950
the metal or long arcing too far but you

195
00:08:41,950 --> 00:08:44,140
can use slight variations in the arc gap

196
00:08:44,140 --> 00:08:46,630
to help control the heat and shape the

197
00:08:46,630 --> 00:08:49,839
well this is difficult to measure but a

198
00:08:49,839 --> 00:08:52,089
medium arc length is used to build up

199
00:08:52,089 --> 00:08:55,329
well shortening the arc reduces the heat

200
00:08:55,329 --> 00:08:58,060
cooling down the weld puddle try using a

201
00:08:58,060 --> 00:09:00,880
shorter arc gap on vertical up with 7018

202
00:09:00,880 --> 00:09:03,209
when you want to build up more well

203
00:09:03,209 --> 00:09:05,740
slightly lengthening the arc causes the

204
00:09:05,740 --> 00:09:08,200
heat to increase spreading the puddle

205
00:09:08,200 --> 00:09:10,630
out it is used with a more perpendicular

206
00:09:10,630 --> 00:09:12,730
rod angle for making smaller beads or

207
00:09:12,730 --> 00:09:16,089
flattening the weld on heavier metal it

208
00:09:16,089 --> 00:09:17,980
is important to be consistent though

209
00:09:17,980 --> 00:09:19,959
burying the arc gap during the well

210
00:09:19,959 --> 00:09:22,420
changes the heat making it difficult to

211
00:09:22,420 --> 00:09:25,390
maintain a uniform weld puddle when you

212
00:09:25,390 --> 00:09:27,399
start looking at all the aspects of

213
00:09:27,399 --> 00:09:29,320
running a weld bead there are many

214
00:09:29,320 --> 00:09:31,870
possibilities that's why everybody welds

215
00:09:31,870 --> 00:09:34,360
a little different practice and

216
00:09:34,360 --> 00:09:36,550
experiment trying to make that puddle do

217
00:09:36,550 --> 00:09:38,920
what you want it to do watch other

218
00:09:38,920 --> 00:09:40,870
welders if you get the chance but in the

219
00:09:40,870 --> 00:09:43,329
end you need to see the weld puddle at

220
00:09:43,329 --> 00:09:45,519
the end of your rod and develop a style

221
00:09:45,519 --> 00:09:47,860
that works for you

222
00:09:47,860 --> 00:09:49,930
we've been looking at heating the metal

223
00:09:49,930 --> 00:09:51,850
to allow the molten pool to penetrate

224
00:09:51,850 --> 00:09:54,580
infuse all that heat also has an effect

225
00:09:54,580 --> 00:09:57,640
on the base metal itself metal is made

226
00:09:57,640 --> 00:09:59,680
up of groups of atoms bonding together

227
00:09:59,680 --> 00:10:02,649
to form grains when metal is heated past

228
00:10:02,649 --> 00:10:04,680
a certain temperature and cooled quickly

229
00:10:04,680 --> 00:10:07,089
smaller grains are formed making the

230
00:10:07,089 --> 00:10:10,000
metal harder cooling the metal slowly

231
00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:12,940
allows more atoms to bond forming larger

232
00:10:12,940 --> 00:10:15,459
grains which makes the metal softer in

233
00:10:15,459 --> 00:10:17,769
welding the metal adjacent to the weld

234
00:10:17,769 --> 00:10:19,570
bead becomes hot enough to change the

235
00:10:19,570 --> 00:10:21,970
structure of the grains because only a

236
00:10:21,970 --> 00:10:24,550
relatively small area is heated the
237
00:10:24,550 --> 00:10:26,620
metal cools quickly forming smaller

238
00:10:26,620 --> 00:10:28,450
grains and becoming harder right

239
00:10:28,450 --> 00:10:32,079
alongside the weld welding also causes

240
00:10:32,079 --> 00:10:34,050
the pieces of metal in the joint to draw

241
00:10:34,050 --> 00:10:37,240
heated metal expands so during the weld

242
00:10:37,240 --> 00:10:39,579
the molten filler metal is deposited in

243
00:10:39,579 --> 00:10:42,760
its maximum expanded state as it cools

244
00:10:42,760 --> 00:10:45,459
it contracts when the metal is free to

245
00:10:45,459 --> 00:10:47,829
move it will draw in the direction of

246
00:10:47,829 --> 00:10:50,320
the weld if the piece is being welded or

247
00:10:50,320 --> 00:10:52,600
trapped the molten weld metal still

248
00:10:52,600 --> 00:10:55,000
contracts leaving some residual stress

249
00:10:55,000 --> 00:10:57,670
in the metal there isn't any way to stop

250
00:10:57,670 --> 00:11:00,640
this the metal is going to move whenever

251
00:11:00,640 --> 00:11:03,070
possible well on both sides to reduce
252
00:11:03,070 --> 00:11:05,800
the draw and on Piper square tubing use

253
00:11:05,800 --> 00:11:08,020
a sequence of welds to help control the

254
00:11:08,020 --> 00:11:11,380
draw extreme differences in temperature

255
00:11:11,380 --> 00:11:13,660
do have a greater effect on the metal if

256
00:11:13,660 --> 00:11:15,880
it's freezing cold use a torch to heat

257
00:11:15,880 --> 00:11:18,160
the metal up a little condensation will

258
00:11:18,160 --> 00:11:20,200
appear and just warm it up until the

259
00:11:20,200 --> 00:11:23,770
moisture dries also if you are welding

260
00:11:23,770 --> 00:11:26,079
on harder higher carbon steel which does

261
00:11:26,079 --> 00:11:27,700
not handle expansion and contraction

262
00:11:27,700 --> 00:11:30,640
very well a preheat may be necessary to

263
00:11:30,640 --> 00:11:32,350
prevent the weld from cracking as it

264
00:11:32,350 --> 00:11:34,930
cools as always there are a lot of

265
00:11:34,930 --> 00:11:37,120
variables the type of steel and the

266
00:11:37,120 --> 00:11:38,649
stress that will be put on the finished

267
00:11:38,649 --> 00:11:41,740
product in most cases projects are

268
00:11:41,740 --> 00:11:43,779
designed so that the stress put on the

269
00:11:43,779 --> 00:11:45,880
weld joint does not come anywhere close

270
00:11:45,880 --> 00:11:48,040
to the maximum strength of either the

271
00:11:48,040 --> 00:11:50,980
metal or the weld try to complete the

272
00:11:50,980 --> 00:11:52,570
well once you start it and avoid

273
00:11:52,570 --> 00:11:54,579
building up more well than necessary

274
00:11:54,579 --> 00:11:56,829
when you're finished but the metal cool

275
00:11:56,829 --> 00:12:00,160
slowly if the metal does break next to

276
00:12:00,160 --> 00:12:01,930
the well you may need to take a closer

277
00:12:01,930 --> 00:12:03,670
look at the thickness of the metal being

278
00:12:03,670 --> 00:12:07,449
used and the overall design okay let's

279
00:12:07,449 --> 00:12:08,980
take a look at putting two pieces of

280
00:12:08,980 --> 00:12:11,520
metal together

281
00:12:25,620 --> 00:12:28,240
first steps with any type of well join

282
00:12:28,240 --> 00:12:30,490
our metal preparation and joint fit up

283
00:12:30,490 --> 00:12:33,010
if you're working with new metal most of

284
00:12:33,010 --> 00:12:35,230
the rods can handle the mill scale which

285
00:12:35,230 --> 00:12:37,690
is a dark layer on the surface use a

286
00:12:37,690 --> 00:12:40,150
grinder to clean any metal that's rusted

287
00:12:40,150 --> 00:12:42,760
or painted impurities on the surface can

288
00:12:42,760 --> 00:12:45,280
cause porosity black effusion or even

289
00:12:45,280 --> 00:12:47,440
interfere with the arc when you're

290
00:12:47,440 --> 00:12:49,540
cutting metal keep the edges straight

291
00:12:49,540 --> 00:12:52,360
and square if you use a torch chipper

292
00:12:52,360 --> 00:12:54,520
grind off any slag left from the cutting

293
00:12:54,520 --> 00:12:58,120
process during fit-up use good tacks to

294
00:12:58,120 --> 00:12:59,830
hold the pieces together and if you're

295
00:12:59,830 --> 00:13:03,340
leaving a gap keep it uniform irregular
296
00:13:03,340 --> 00:13:05,320
gaps in the joint not only take longer

297
00:13:05,320 --> 00:13:07,240
to weld it make it way more difficult

298
00:13:07,240 --> 00:13:09,760
and it should be you can avoid a lot of

299
00:13:09,760 --> 00:13:11,530
problems by cleaning the metal and

300
00:13:11,530 --> 00:13:14,500
taking your time on fit-up well there

301
00:13:14,500 --> 00:13:16,840
are many variations of weld joints there

302
00:13:16,840 --> 00:13:18,940
is generally considered to be four types

303
00:13:18,940 --> 00:13:22,660
but joints lap joints tea joints and

304
00:13:22,660 --> 00:13:25,870
corner joints on a butt joint the weld

305
00:13:25,870 --> 00:13:28,420
should penetrate deep with the amount of

306
00:13:28,420 --> 00:13:30,460
weld deposit at least equal to the

307
00:13:30,460 --> 00:13:33,070
thickness of the metal for maximum

308
00:13:33,070 --> 00:13:35,830
strength 100% penetration welds are used

309
00:13:35,830 --> 00:13:39,070
to completely fuse the edges on a lap

310
00:13:39,070 --> 00:13:41,920
joint the weld is called a fill it with
311
00:13:41,920 --> 00:13:43,960
the legs coming up and out a distance

312
00:13:43,960 --> 00:13:45,850
equal to the thickness of the metal and

313
00:13:45,850 --> 00:13:48,880
the weld slightly crowned a fill it is

314
00:13:48,880 --> 00:13:51,490
also used on t joints where the edge of

315
00:13:51,490 --> 00:13:53,620
one piece is joined to the surface of

316
00:13:53,620 --> 00:13:56,740
another welding on both sides reduces

317
00:13:56,740 --> 00:13:59,110
the amount of weld necessary and overall

318
00:13:59,110 --> 00:14:01,500
produces a stronger joint

319
00:14:01,500 --> 00:14:04,060
corners are joining the edges at an

320
00:14:04,060 --> 00:14:06,760
angle with metal preparation or fit-up

321
00:14:06,760 --> 00:14:08,890
allowing for sufficient penetration and

322
00:14:08,890 --> 00:14:12,280
weld deposit let's start with butt joint

323
00:14:12,280 --> 00:14:15,760
and this can be on plate flat bar angle

324
00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:18,880
iron pipe or square tubing when the

325
00:14:18,880 --> 00:14:20,650
metal is around 1/8 of an inch thick

326
00:14:20,650 --> 00:14:22,960
keep the edges straight and square for a

327
00:14:22,960 --> 00:14:25,600
perfect fit you'll generally get good

328
00:14:25,600 --> 00:14:27,370
enough penetration just butting the

329
00:14:27,370 --> 00:14:28,330
pieces together

330
00:14:28,330 --> 00:14:30,430
especially if you can weld on both sides

331
00:14:30,430 --> 00:14:33,220
or all the way around on plate or flat

332
00:14:33,220 --> 00:14:35,500
bar tack right on the outside edges to

333
00:14:35,500 --> 00:14:37,360
help carry the heat

334
00:14:37,360 --> 00:14:40,029
square tubing tack the corners then well

335
00:14:40,029 --> 00:14:43,450
opposite sides from tact attack if you

336
00:14:43,450 --> 00:14:45,220
intend to grind the weld off for a

337
00:14:45,220 --> 00:14:47,320
smooth finish you can leave a very

338
00:14:47,320 --> 00:14:50,380
slight gap but keep it uniform whenever

339
00:14:50,380 --> 00:14:52,480
possible start at the outside edge and

340
00:14:52,480 --> 00:14:55,329
well towards more metal in the flat

341
00:14:55,329 --> 00:14:57,940
position hold a rod fairly perpendicular

342
00:14:57,940 --> 00:15:00,670
to the metal you can well with sixty ten

343
00:15:00,670 --> 00:15:03,360
or sixty eleven using a circular motion

344
00:15:03,360 --> 00:15:05,800
turn the amperage down a little but

345
00:15:05,800 --> 00:15:07,779
you're going to have to travel faster to

346
00:15:07,779 --> 00:15:09,850
control penetration and avoid burning

347
00:15:09,850 --> 00:15:12,940
through for a smoother finish speed

348
00:15:12,940 --> 00:15:16,870
try sixty 13 or a 3/32 70 eighteen with

349
00:15:16,870 --> 00:15:19,750
the side-to-side movement on a

350
00:15:19,750 --> 00:15:21,579
horizontal pulled around nearly

351
00:15:21,579 --> 00:15:24,399
perpendicular to the weld watch the

352
00:15:24,399 --> 00:15:27,310
puddle with sixty ten or sixty eleven

353
00:15:27,310 --> 00:15:29,410
adjust the travel speed to let the

354
00:15:29,410 --> 00:15:31,360
puddle spread out without overheating
355
00:15:31,360 --> 00:15:34,480
the metal watch the top side to avoid

356
00:15:34,480 --> 00:15:37,690
undercutting with sixty thirteen or

357
00:15:37,690 --> 00:15:39,880
seventy eighteen try running straight

358
00:15:39,880 --> 00:15:42,160
without any rod movement maintaining a

359
00:15:42,160 --> 00:15:45,610
uniform mark gap and travel speed if you

360
00:15:45,610 --> 00:15:47,740
can position the joint but welds on

361
00:15:47,740 --> 00:15:49,720
one-eighth metal are easier welded

362
00:15:49,720 --> 00:15:52,839
vertical down one-eighth metal is fairly

363
00:15:52,839 --> 00:15:55,060
thin four stick rod so use some practice

364
00:15:55,060 --> 00:15:56,890
metal to figure out the amperage and

365
00:15:56,890 --> 00:16:00,310
adjust your travel speed starting at

366
00:16:00,310 --> 00:16:02,620
3/16 of an inch you want to bevel the

367
00:16:02,620 --> 00:16:04,949
edges to allow for good penetration

368
00:16:04,949 --> 00:16:07,449
bevels are generally around a thirty

369
00:16:07,449 --> 00:16:09,820
degree angle with the top edge straight
370
00:16:09,820 --> 00:16:12,310
and a flat spot call the landing on the

371
00:16:12,310 --> 00:16:15,339
bottom hold a grinder at a slight angle

372
00:16:15,339 --> 00:16:17,769
using the bottom corner of the disc to

373
00:16:17,769 --> 00:16:20,260
take off metal when you have it close

374
00:16:20,260 --> 00:16:22,420
pull the grinder flat to smooth the

375
00:16:22,420 --> 00:16:25,240
bevel and straighten the top on heavier

376
00:16:25,240 --> 00:16:27,490
metals it may be easier to cut the bevel

377
00:16:27,490 --> 00:16:29,500
with a torch then finish it with a

378
00:16:29,500 --> 00:16:32,589
grinder the reason for beveling the

379
00:16:32,589 --> 00:16:34,690
edges is to control the puddle deep in

380
00:16:34,690 --> 00:16:35,320
the joint

381
00:16:35,320 --> 00:16:37,540
if the bevel isn't wide enough to get

382
00:16:37,540 --> 00:16:39,640
the rod into the bottom you can always

383
00:16:39,640 --> 00:16:41,860
take the grinder up on edge slightly

384
00:16:41,860 --> 00:16:44,410
 and use the curve of the disc to

385
00:16:44,410 --> 00:16:46,900
open the bevel up a little more

386
00:16:46,900 --> 00:16:49,330
a bevel but well can be divided into

387
00:16:49,330 --> 00:16:52,720
three parts the root which is the first

388
00:16:52,720 --> 00:16:55,150
pass fusing the bottom of the joint the

389
00:16:55,150 --> 00:16:57,070
filler

390
00:16:57,070 --> 00:16:59,500
and the cap there are several options

391
00:16:59,500 --> 00:17:01,570
and fitting up but joints and the main

392
00:17:01,570 --> 00:17:03,250
difference is how the root pass is

393
00:17:03,250 --> 00:17:06,010
welded the bevel pieces can be fit up

394
00:17:06,010 --> 00:17:08,500
with a small gap along the first pass to

395
00:17:08,500 --> 00:17:11,440
penetrate as deep as possible for a

396
00:17:11,440 --> 00:17:13,540
hundred percent penetration either a

397
00:17:13,540 --> 00:17:16,089
backup bar is used with the first pass

398
00:17:16,089 --> 00:17:19,209
fusing all three pieces or the metal is

399
00:17:19,209 --> 00:17:21,760
fit up with a gap and the root fuses the

400
00:17:21,760 --> 00:17:23,829
bottom edge and actually builds weld on

401
00:17:23,829 --> 00:17:26,980
the backside after the first pass

402
00:17:26,980 --> 00:17:29,380
filling and capping is basically the

403
00:17:29,380 --> 00:17:31,420
same so let's take a closer look at

404
00:17:31,420 --> 00:17:34,150
getting the joint started anytime you

405
00:17:34,150 --> 00:17:36,190
well in a bevel you want to hold a rod

406
00:17:36,190 --> 00:17:38,590
fairly perpendicular to the metal to

407
00:17:38,590 --> 00:17:41,470
flatten the top of the bead if you angle

408
00:17:41,470 --> 00:17:43,990
the rod the weld B will crown leaving

409
00:17:43,990 --> 00:17:45,910
slag that may get covered on the next

410
00:17:45,910 --> 00:17:48,730
pass you also want the weld build up

411
00:17:48,730 --> 00:17:51,040
even use a grinder to knock down any

412
00:17:51,040 --> 00:17:53,550
high spots from stopping and starting

413
00:17:53,550 --> 00:17:55,960
it's a lot easier to keep it uniform
414
00:17:55,960 --> 00:17:58,180
with a grinder than to try to fix it

415
00:17:58,180 --> 00:18:01,000
with the next weld bead also if the bead

416
00:18:01,000 --> 00:18:03,400
does crown in the bevel use your grinder

417
00:18:03,400 --> 00:18:05,470
to knock off the top to avoid trapping

418
00:18:05,470 --> 00:18:09,040
slag not all welding situations require

419
00:18:09,040 --> 00:18:11,320
a hundred percent penetration that

420
00:18:11,320 --> 00:18:13,480
depends on the type of stress placed on

421
00:18:13,480 --> 00:18:15,970
the joint but you always want to bevel

422
00:18:15,970 --> 00:18:18,540
the metal leaving at least a small gap

423
00:18:18,540 --> 00:18:21,250
sixty ten or sixty eleven will provide

424
00:18:21,250 --> 00:18:23,680
good penetration and for the first pass

425
00:18:23,680 --> 00:18:25,750
are a little easier to deal with in any

426
00:18:25,750 --> 00:18:29,110
of the weld positions you can use a whip

427
00:18:29,110 --> 00:18:31,570
or step motion gouging into the metal

428
00:18:31,570 --> 00:18:33,910
for penetration then pushing the puddle
429
00:18:33,910 --> 00:18:36,630
in to fill

430
00:18:36,830 --> 00:18:39,080
watch both sides to avoid undercutting

431
00:18:39,080 --> 00:18:41,750
along the edges for more well build up

432
00:18:41,750 --> 00:18:44,330
try using a modified circular motion

433
00:18:44,330 --> 00:18:46,400
always coming back to the leading edge

434
00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:48,280
of the puddle in the bottom of the joint

435
00:18:48,280 --> 00:18:51,110
if you can handle the puddle you can

436
00:18:51,110 --> 00:18:54,320
also use a filler rod with sixty

437
00:18:54,320 --> 00:18:56,660
thirteen or 70 eighteen pull the rod

438
00:18:56,660 --> 00:18:59,360
fairly perpendicular use a slight

439
00:18:59,360 --> 00:19:01,850
side-to-side movement and avoid jamming

440
00:19:01,850 --> 00:19:04,790
the rod into the sides depending on the

441
00:19:04,790 --> 00:19:07,430
bevel and gap you may need to follow the

442
00:19:07,430 --> 00:19:11,240
metal to maintain a uniform arc gap the

443
00:19:11,240 --> 00:19:12,950
base metal is getting thicker as you

444
00:19:12,950 --> 00:19:15,080
come up the bevel taking more heat

445
00:19:15,080 --> 00:19:17,570
during the well you want to see the

446
00:19:17,570 --> 00:19:19,430
edges of the puddle flowing out and

447
00:19:19,430 --> 00:19:23,180
tying in on the sides of the bevel after

448
00:19:23,180 --> 00:19:25,940
the first pass chip the slag clean it

449
00:19:25,940 --> 00:19:28,040
with a brush and you're ready to fill in

450
00:19:28,040 --> 00:19:30,950
cap if you can get to both sides of the

451
00:19:30,950 --> 00:19:33,170
metal you can weld the back side for a

452
00:19:33,170 --> 00:19:36,230
stronger join grind down to clean metal

453
00:19:36,230 --> 00:19:39,410
keeping the depth and width uniform with

454
00:19:39,410 --> 00:19:41,630
a rod angle a little more slow the

455
00:19:41,630 --> 00:19:44,240
travel speed and build up weld slightly

456
00:19:44,240 --> 00:19:46,550
wider than the groove and above flush

457
00:19:46,550 --> 00:19:50,150
with the surface some welding situations

458
00:19:50,150 --> 00:19:52,160
require complete penetration for

459
00:19:52,160 --> 00:19:54,650
strength if the piece is being joined do

460
00:19:54,650 --> 00:19:57,140
not fit up perfectly or with some grades

461
00:19:57,140 --> 00:19:59,120
of hardened steel that tend to crack on

462
00:19:59,120 --> 00:20:02,660
the first pass a backup bar is used a V

463
00:20:02,660 --> 00:20:04,580
bevel with a backup bar is also the

464
00:20:04,580 --> 00:20:06,770
procedure for structural welding tests

465
00:20:06,770 --> 00:20:09,830
the goal is to melt and fuse the bottom

466
00:20:09,830 --> 00:20:11,960
edges of the pieces being joined to the

467
00:20:11,960 --> 00:20:14,840
backup bar prepare the bevels with

468
00:20:14,840 --> 00:20:16,850
slightly less of an angle and a

469
00:20:16,850 --> 00:20:18,740
feathered edge

470
00:20:18,740 --> 00:20:20,840
grind off the mill scale on the backup

471
00:20:20,840 --> 00:20:23,539
bar only a narrow strip is going to get

472
00:20:23,539 --> 00:20:25,490
tied in and you don't want surface
473
00:20:25,490 --> 00:20:28,250
impurities taking the heat fit the

474
00:20:28,250 --> 00:20:30,710
backup bar tight with around a quarter

475
00:20:30,710 --> 00:20:33,770
of an inch gap this type of joint is

476
00:20:33,770 --> 00:20:35,600
generally welded all the way with at

477
00:20:35,600 --> 00:20:38,510
least a 1/8 70 18 and you have to be

478
00:20:38,510 --> 00:20:40,010
able to get the rod all the way to the

479
00:20:40,010 --> 00:20:42,700
bottom either tack up on the backside

480
00:20:42,700 --> 00:20:45,649
staggering the tacks or in the bevel

481
00:20:45,649 --> 00:20:47,690
when you tack in the bevel grinding the

482
00:20:47,690 --> 00:20:50,870
starts and stops thin always keep in

483
00:20:50,870 --> 00:20:53,090
mind along with fusing the pieces at the

484
00:20:53,090 --> 00:20:55,399
bottom you also want the top of the well

485
00:20:55,399 --> 00:20:57,950
relatively flat to avoid trapping slag

486
00:20:57,950 --> 00:21:01,100
in the flat position hold the rod nearly

487
00:21:01,100 --> 00:21:02,330
straight up and down
488
00:21:02,330 --> 00:21:05,140
angled slightly back towards the weld

489
00:21:05,140 --> 00:21:07,580
keep the arc on the leading edge of the

490
00:21:07,580 --> 00:21:09,950
puddle with a slight side-to-side

491
00:21:09,950 --> 00:21:10,880
movement

492
00:21:10,880 --> 00:21:13,610
pay attention to the arc gap you want to

493
00:21:13,610 --> 00:21:15,590
see the edges of the molten pool tying

494
00:21:15,590 --> 00:21:17,840
into the sides of the bevel to avoid

495
00:21:17,840 --> 00:21:20,170
crowning the bead

496
00:21:20,170 --> 00:21:23,140
when you're using 7018 in a bevel stay

497
00:21:23,140 --> 00:21:25,360
ahead of the well buildup and slag

498
00:21:25,360 --> 00:21:27,760
if molten slag is pushed in front of the

499
00:21:27,760 --> 00:21:29,890
rod it can interfere with the arc or

500
00:21:29,890 --> 00:21:31,780
limit filler metal fusion along the

501
00:21:31,780 --> 00:21:35,200
sides a vertical up weld you won't have

502
00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:37,480
any problems fusing the base metal to

503
00:21:37,480 --> 00:21:40,330
the back up bar you do want to keep the

504
00:21:40,330 --> 00:21:42,310
weld bead flat without undercutting

505
00:21:42,310 --> 00:21:45,220
along the edges keep the rod fairly

506
00:21:45,220 --> 00:21:47,500
perpendicular to the metal angle up

507
00:21:47,500 --> 00:21:50,890
slightly the puddle needs to flow out on

508
00:21:50,890 --> 00:21:53,290
the sides for a flat weld beat and to

509
00:21:53,290 --> 00:21:56,320
avoid undercutting travel up fast enough

510
00:21:56,320 --> 00:21:58,540
to keep the metal from overheating which

511
00:21:58,540 --> 00:22:01,410
causes the molten puddle to spill down

512
00:22:01,410 --> 00:22:03,910
you may need to lower the amperage a

513
00:22:03,910 --> 00:22:06,340
little maybe 5 amps or so but don't

514
00:22:06,340 --> 00:22:09,160
lower it too much as many problems are

515
00:22:09,160 --> 00:22:11,200
caused by running too cold on verticals

516
00:22:11,200 --> 00:22:13,679
as by running too hot

517
00:22:13,679 --> 00:22:16,330
remember the amperage only provides the

518
00:22:16,330 --> 00:22:19,240
heat it's the travel speed Ron angle and

519
00:22:19,240 --> 00:22:21,429
art gap that determined just how hot the

520
00:22:21,429 --> 00:22:24,669
metal is going to get on overhead but

521
00:22:24,669 --> 00:22:26,650
joints with a back up bar you don't get

522
00:22:26,650 --> 00:22:29,440
to build up quite as much weld bead with

523
00:22:29,440 --> 00:22:31,210
a rod nearly straight up and down

524
00:22:31,210 --> 00:22:33,130
adjust the travel speed to let the

525
00:22:33,130 --> 00:22:35,410
puddle spread out without overheating

526
00:22:35,410 --> 00:22:38,080
the metal most of the problems with

527
00:22:38,080 --> 00:22:40,059
overhead come from not controlling the

528
00:22:40,059 --> 00:22:42,760
rod when the tip dances around varying

529
00:22:42,760 --> 00:22:44,770
the arc gap the amount of heat at the

530
00:22:44,770 --> 00:22:48,520
well is not uniform and focused find

531
00:22:48,520 --> 00:22:50,440
some way to steady yourself so you can
532
00:22:50,440 --> 00:22:53,620
control that rod also if the rod is

533
00:22:53,620 --> 00:22:55,990
angled too far back towards the well the

534
00:22:55,990 --> 00:22:57,640
molten filler metal takes the heat

535
00:22:57,640 --> 00:23:00,010
instead of the metal causing the puddle

536
00:23:00,010 --> 00:23:03,370
to drip horizontal is generally not used

537
00:23:03,370 --> 00:23:05,530
for welding tests but you often get them

538
00:23:05,530 --> 00:23:08,530
a practical situation angle the rod up

539
00:23:08,530 --> 00:23:11,440
and slightly into the weld the bottom

540
00:23:11,440 --> 00:23:14,020
bevel acts as kind of a landing helping

541
00:23:14,020 --> 00:23:15,850
to hold the weld so you may be able to

542
00:23:15,850 --> 00:23:18,640
use a slight rod movement watch the

543
00:23:18,640 --> 00:23:21,970
topside and push the puddle up set the

544
00:23:21,970 --> 00:23:24,100
amperage to allow fast enough travel

545
00:23:24,100 --> 00:23:26,020
speed so the base metals don't overheat

546
00:23:26,020 --> 00:23:28,450
which causes the puddle to become too
547
00:23:28,450 --> 00:23:31,929
fluid don't try to carry a lot of metal

548
00:23:31,929 --> 00:23:34,090
on a horizontal just get all the pieces

549
00:23:34,090 --> 00:23:36,340
tied together and keep the filler metal

550
00:23:36,340 --> 00:23:39,220
from sagging the last type of route is

551
00:23:39,220 --> 00:23:42,250
in a V beveled open butt joint we're

552
00:23:42,250 --> 00:23:44,620
going to shove a 6010 rod deep into the

553
00:23:44,620 --> 00:23:46,690
gap and run a well beat on the back side

554
00:23:46,690 --> 00:23:49,840
of the metal preparation ed fit-up are

555
00:23:49,840 --> 00:23:51,940
more critical so take your time getting

556
00:23:51,940 --> 00:23:54,549
the metal ready the edge of the bevel

557
00:23:54,549 --> 00:23:57,250
needs to be straight and square grind

558
00:23:57,250 --> 00:23:59,080
off all the mill scale on the bottom

559
00:23:59,080 --> 00:24:01,450
side a half round file works good to

560
00:24:01,450 --> 00:24:03,460
clean up the inside a square tubing or

561
00:24:03,460 --> 00:24:07,090
pipe the landing should be uniform use a

562
00:24:07,090 --> 00:24:10,510
file to knock down any high spots with a

563
00:24:10,510 --> 00:24:13,600
1/8 6010 I use a 1/16 oxy acetylene

564
00:24:13,600 --> 00:24:16,720
welding rod as a spacer with around 1/16

565
00:24:16,720 --> 00:24:19,270
Blanding the size of the gap and landing

566
00:24:19,270 --> 00:24:21,010
can vary a little but when you figure

567
00:24:21,010 --> 00:24:22,720
out what you like try to keep it

568
00:24:22,720 --> 00:24:25,210
consistent for every weld you make

569
00:24:25,210 --> 00:24:27,429
find up the bottom edges in the middle

570
00:24:27,429 --> 00:24:30,969
with a spacer to adjust the gap run one

571
00:24:30,969 --> 00:24:34,629
tack pushing the rod right down into the

572
00:24:34,629 --> 00:24:39,339
gap before you finish tacking up remove

573
00:24:39,339 --> 00:24:42,249
the spacer that's tax cool they contract

574
00:24:42,249 --> 00:24:44,919
and the spacer gets jammed up so pull

575
00:24:44,919 --> 00:24:47,499
the spacer make sure the gap is uniform

576
00:24:47,499 --> 00:24:50,469
and finish tacking the joint on heavier

577
00:24:50,469 --> 00:24:53,440
pieces after the first tack use a small

578
00:24:53,440 --> 00:24:55,479
wedge or a screwdriver to keep the gap

579
00:24:55,479 --> 00:24:58,359
uniform because of the taper you can

580
00:24:58,359 --> 00:24:59,919
remove these after the joint is

581
00:24:59,919 --> 00:25:03,159
completely tacked on square tubing tack

582
00:25:03,159 --> 00:25:06,460
opposite corners for pipe opposite sides

583
00:25:06,460 --> 00:25:08,679
make sure the gap is uniform

584
00:25:08,679 --> 00:25:11,139
straightening when necessary then put in

585
00:25:11,139 --> 00:25:15,279
two more tax flat horizontal overhead

586
00:25:15,279 --> 00:25:17,229
and vertical down route passes are all

587
00:25:17,229 --> 00:25:20,080
done the same way grind the edges of the

588
00:25:20,080 --> 00:25:22,839
starts and stops thin pull the rod

589
00:25:22,839 --> 00:25:25,479
perpendicular to the metal scratch start

590
00:25:25,479 --> 00:25:27,940
right on the tack push a rod down into
591
00:25:27,940 --> 00:25:30,700
the puddle and start moving the filler

592
00:25:30,700 --> 00:25:32,769
metal will squirt out the back until you

593
00:25:32,769 --> 00:25:34,629
hit the thin down edge of the tack and

594
00:25:34,629 --> 00:25:37,419
it can poke through then move as fast as

595
00:25:37,419 --> 00:25:40,119
you can keep the gap filling in if

596
00:25:40,119 --> 00:25:41,409
you're not getting all the way through

597
00:25:41,409 --> 00:25:43,629
you will see filler metal squirting out

598
00:25:43,629 --> 00:25:47,109
behind the rod back up in the bevel most

599
00:25:47,109 --> 00:25:48,849
of the light and sparks will be on the

600
00:25:48,849 --> 00:25:50,739
back side and you're building weld on

601
00:25:50,739 --> 00:25:53,349
the back of the metal you want the

602
00:25:53,349 --> 00:25:55,899
amperage relatively high so try starting

603
00:25:55,899 --> 00:25:59,200
about the same places you'd run flat if

604
00:25:59,200 --> 00:26:01,210
you do open a hole stop right away

605
00:26:01,210 --> 00:26:03,450
pulling the rod back over the bead
606
00:26:03,450 --> 00:26:05,889
restart right at the edge and keep going

607
00:26:05,889 --> 00:26:08,679
when you finish the well grind the edges

608
00:26:08,679 --> 00:26:10,839
thin on both sides of the hole and fill

609
00:26:10,839 --> 00:26:13,960
it in some welding procedures require a

610
00:26:13,960 --> 00:26:16,450
vertical uproot pass and generally

611
00:26:16,450 --> 00:26:18,639
you'll need to run about 5 amps lower

612
00:26:18,639 --> 00:26:22,119
for uphill the easiest way is to prepare

613
00:26:22,119 --> 00:26:24,039
the metal exactly the same with a

614
00:26:24,039 --> 00:26:26,619
uniform narrow gap shoving the rod in

615
00:26:26,619 --> 00:26:29,169
perpendicular and moving up as fast as

616
00:26:29,169 --> 00:26:32,499
the gap fills in some welders like to

617
00:26:32,499 --> 00:26:34,629
thin out the landing a little more with

618
00:26:34,629 --> 00:26:37,450
the step motion rip a small keyhole then

619
00:26:37,450 --> 00:26:38,750
fill it in

620
00:26:38,750 --> 00:26:41,330
rip a hole and fill it in always keeping

621
00:26:41,330 --> 00:26:44,450
the rod deep in the gap other welders

622
00:26:44,450 --> 00:26:46,220
like to leave a little thicker landing

623
00:26:46,220 --> 00:26:48,890
and wider gap here again using a step

624
00:26:48,890 --> 00:26:51,170
motion laying metal in and making sure

625
00:26:51,170 --> 00:26:54,920
it's fusing on the bottom corners the

626
00:26:54,920 --> 00:26:56,870
disadvantage to stepping the route is

627
00:26:56,870 --> 00:26:58,730
the possibility of undercutting along

628
00:26:58,730 --> 00:27:01,400
the edges on the backside the advantage

629
00:27:01,400 --> 00:27:03,320
is that you actually see the route going

630
00:27:03,320 --> 00:27:07,070
in for 100% penetration stepping the

631
00:27:07,070 --> 00:27:08,960
route uphill also works well when the

632
00:27:08,960 --> 00:27:11,920
gap is uneven with wide or narrow spots

633
00:27:11,920 --> 00:27:14,840
the backside bead should be above flush

634
00:27:14,840 --> 00:27:16,940
with the entire bottom edges of the

635
00:27:16,940 --> 00:27:19,730
bevels melted and fused any missed spots

636
00:27:19,730 --> 00:27:22,760
are called insufficient penetration if

637
00:27:22,760 --> 00:27:25,100
the travel speed was too slow the bead

638
00:27:25,100 --> 00:27:26,870
stacks up on the back side causing

639
00:27:26,870 --> 00:27:30,020
excessive penetration on the front side

640
00:27:30,020 --> 00:27:32,360
because the rod was jammed right down

641
00:27:32,360 --> 00:27:34,490
against the metal the bead will crown

642
00:27:34,490 --> 00:27:37,520
and undercut along both sides grind this

643
00:27:37,520 --> 00:27:41,090
out to avoid trapping slag the metal

644
00:27:41,090 --> 00:27:43,040
will be thin from grinding so you need

645
00:27:43,040 --> 00:27:45,560
to run another bead called a hot pass to

646
00:27:45,560 --> 00:27:47,480
add a little more metal and burn out any

647
00:27:47,480 --> 00:27:51,530
slag left behind with 6010 try stepping

648
00:27:51,530 --> 00:27:53,720
in the hot pass not gouging quite as

649
00:27:53,720 --> 00:27:56,510
deep on the backstroke use a faster
650
00:27:56,510 --> 00:27:58,220
travel speed so you don't burn through

651
00:27:58,220 --> 00:27:59,840
and watch the sides to avoid

652
00:27:59,840 --> 00:28:03,050
undercutting you can also hop pass with

653
00:28:03,050 --> 00:28:06,440
a 3/32 7018 hold a rod fairly

654
00:28:06,440 --> 00:28:08,630
perpendicular carry the heat on the

655
00:28:08,630 --> 00:28:10,250
sides moving across the center

656
00:28:10,250 --> 00:28:13,220
relatively quick don't try to build up a

657
00:28:13,220 --> 00:28:15,290
lot of weld and make sure the sides of

658
00:28:15,290 --> 00:28:17,090
the puddle flow out so the top of the

659
00:28:17,090 --> 00:28:20,750
weld stays flat once the bottom of the

660
00:28:20,750 --> 00:28:22,340
joint is fused with any of these

661
00:28:22,340 --> 00:28:24,500
procedures you're ready to fill in cap

662
00:28:24,500 --> 00:28:26,420
and you will get better results using

663
00:28:26,420 --> 00:28:30,140
6013 or 7018 if the metal isn't too

664
00:28:30,140 --> 00:28:31,940
thick you may be able to finish with one
665
00:28:31,940 --> 00:28:35,240
more pass on heavier metal but more

666
00:28:35,240 --> 00:28:38,120
filler is required remove all the slag

667
00:28:38,120 --> 00:28:39,860
between passes with a chipping hammer

668
00:28:39,860 --> 00:28:42,410
and wire brush this comes with

669
00:28:42,410 --> 00:28:45,020
experience but plan the weld when

670
00:28:45,020 --> 00:28:46,340
several filler passes are required

671
00:28:46,340 --> 00:28:48,860
overlap the edges of the previous beads

672
00:28:48,860 --> 00:28:50,280
if possible

673
00:28:50,280 --> 00:28:52,530
the last filler pass should be slightly

674
00:28:52,530 --> 00:28:56,039
below flush try to leave the top corners

675
00:28:56,039 --> 00:28:58,890
of the bevel with a slight side-to-side

676
00:28:58,890 --> 00:28:59,760
movement

677
00:28:59,760 --> 00:29:02,190
pay attention to the arc gap don't Jam

678
00:29:02,190 --> 00:29:05,280
the rod into the sides of the bevel keep

679
00:29:05,280 --> 00:29:07,169
the rod fairly perpendicular and the

680
00:29:07,169 --> 00:29:09,120
puddle flowing out to avoid crowning the

681
00:29:09,120 --> 00:29:12,419
bead you may need to speed up or slow

682
00:29:12,419 --> 00:29:14,280
down to control the amount of filler

683
00:29:14,280 --> 00:29:16,740
metal deposit but try to leave the top

684
00:29:16,740 --> 00:29:19,580
corners of the bevel to cap the well

685
00:29:19,580 --> 00:29:22,110
angle the rod and slow down to build up

686
00:29:22,110 --> 00:29:24,900
a crown well be use the edge of the

687
00:29:24,900 --> 00:29:26,820
bevel as a guide to keep the sides of

688
00:29:26,820 --> 00:29:29,309
the weld straight the finished well

689
00:29:29,309 --> 00:29:31,380
should be as thick as the metal so if

690
00:29:31,380 --> 00:29:33,630
you've penetrated deep the cap only

691
00:29:33,630 --> 00:29:35,520
needs to be slightly wider than the

692
00:29:35,520 --> 00:29:37,559
bevel and above flush with the surface

693
00:29:37,559 --> 00:29:41,429
of the metal filling up more well than

694
00:29:41,429 --> 00:29:43,289
you need doesn't add any strength just

695
00:29:43,289 --> 00:29:45,059
takes longer and puts more heat on the

696
00:29:45,059 --> 00:29:45,510
metal

697
00:29:45,510 --> 00:29:47,760
if the top of the bevel is too wide to

698
00:29:47,760 --> 00:29:50,520
cap with one beat run two or more passes

699
00:29:50,520 --> 00:29:53,429
side by side to cap the weld with a

700
00:29:53,429 --> 00:29:56,039
slight side-to-side movement using the

701
00:29:56,039 --> 00:29:58,169
bevel as a guide keep the outside edge

702
00:29:58,169 --> 00:30:01,140
of the first bead straight to use the

703
00:30:01,140 --> 00:30:02,940
inside edge of the bead as a guide for

704
00:30:02,940 --> 00:30:05,970
the second pass adjust the travel speed

705
00:30:05,970 --> 00:30:08,130
and Rob movement so the puddle flows out

706
00:30:08,130 --> 00:30:10,400
almost to the center of the first bead

707
00:30:10,400 --> 00:30:13,409
the final pass will generally be smaller

708
00:30:13,409 --> 00:30:15,929
try holding the rod more perpendicular
709
00:30:15,929 --> 00:30:18,240
to the metal running straight use a

710
00:30:18,240 --> 00:30:20,429
faster travel speed for less well

711
00:30:20,429 --> 00:30:24,450
deposit on a horizontal angle the rod up

712
00:30:24,450 --> 00:30:27,270
slightly with a medium arc length try

713
00:30:27,270 --> 00:30:28,830
running straight without any rod

714
00:30:28,830 --> 00:30:31,380
movement the first bead will help hold

715
00:30:31,380 --> 00:30:33,840
up the second pass so hold the rod more

716
00:30:33,840 --> 00:30:36,120
perpendicular and travel fast enough to

717
00:30:36,120 --> 00:30:38,760
keep the bead from sagging for the final

718
00:30:38,760 --> 00:30:41,390
pass try angling the rod down slightly

719
00:30:41,390 --> 00:30:45,330
travel faster for a smaller bead on

720
00:30:45,330 --> 00:30:47,520
verticals you can either use small bead

721
00:30:47,520 --> 00:30:50,580
side by side or run a weave bead small

722
00:30:50,580 --> 00:30:53,190
beads are easier use the edge of the

723
00:30:53,190 --> 00:30:55,230
bevel to keep the first pass straight
724
00:30:55,230 --> 00:30:57,960
run as many beads as it takes but try to

725
00:30:57,960 --> 00:30:59,789
leave the other side of the bevel for a

726
00:30:59,789 --> 00:31:02,150
guide to keep the final pass straight

727
00:31:02,150 --> 00:31:04,640
if you're not limited to a maximum bead

728
00:31:04,640 --> 00:31:07,130
with bio welding procedure you can try a

729
00:31:07,130 --> 00:31:10,940
weave bead start on one side letting the

730
00:31:10,940 --> 00:31:12,740
puddle flow out to cover the edge of the

731
00:31:12,740 --> 00:31:15,620
bevel cross the center relatively quick

732
00:31:15,620 --> 00:31:18,020
to the other side and hesitate until the

733
00:31:18,020 --> 00:31:20,110
puddle flows out and covers the edge

734
00:31:20,110 --> 00:31:23,140
move the rod up a little then cross

735
00:31:23,140 --> 00:31:27,860
hesitate move up and cross the upward

736
00:31:27,860 --> 00:31:30,169
progress is going to be slow heating the

737
00:31:30,169 --> 00:31:32,419
base metal up more so turn the amperage

738
00:31:32,419 --> 00:31:35,330
down a little use the edge of the bevel

739
00:31:35,330 --> 00:31:37,309
as a guide to keep the sides of the weld

740
00:31:37,309 --> 00:31:40,460
straight for a smooth weld and straight

741
00:31:40,460 --> 00:31:42,830
edges maintaining uniform arc gap and

742
00:31:42,830 --> 00:31:45,429
keep the upward progression tight

743
00:31:45,429 --> 00:31:48,049
weaving makes it possible to build up a

744
00:31:48,049 --> 00:31:50,330
lot of metal but take some practice to

745
00:31:50,330 --> 00:31:52,490
consistently produce a uniform finished

746
00:31:52,490 --> 00:31:54,950
weld bead whether you're filling or

747
00:31:54,950 --> 00:31:57,409
capping you need to experiment with the

748
00:31:57,409 --> 00:31:59,750
amperage wrought angle and travel speed

749
00:31:59,750 --> 00:32:01,940
learning to control the amount of weld

750
00:32:01,940 --> 00:32:04,190
deposit and figuring out just how much

751
00:32:04,190 --> 00:32:06,020
metal you can carry without having it

752
00:32:06,020 --> 00:32:08,890
sag or drip

753
00:32:14,480 --> 00:32:17,010
with a butt joint we were joining the

754
00:32:17,010 --> 00:32:19,020
edges of the metal when one piece

755
00:32:19,020 --> 00:32:21,150
overlaps the other it's referred to as a

756
00:32:21,150 --> 00:32:23,940
lap joint the edge and especially the

757
00:32:23,940 --> 00:32:25,980
top corner is going to get hot and melt

758
00:32:25,980 --> 00:32:28,230
faster than the surface where the heat

759
00:32:28,230 --> 00:32:31,230
is being dispersed in all directions you

760
00:32:31,230 --> 00:32:33,210
want to fuse the bottom corner while

761
00:32:33,210 --> 00:32:35,429
building up a fulfill it with a slightly

762
00:32:35,429 --> 00:32:38,850
crown weld bead lap joints can be welded

763
00:32:38,850 --> 00:32:41,460
all the way with a fast freeze rod but

764
00:32:41,460 --> 00:32:43,470
the filler rods will produce a smoother

765
00:32:43,470 --> 00:32:46,800
finished weld in the flat position the

766
00:32:46,800 --> 00:32:48,690
weld is called a horizontal Filat and

767
00:32:48,690 --> 00:32:51,240
you have two rod angles to consider one
768
00:32:51,240 --> 00:32:53,100
in relation to the metal and the other

769
00:32:53,100 --> 00:32:55,770
to the weld bead itself in relation to

770
00:32:55,770 --> 00:32:57,900
the metal the rod angle determines the

771
00:32:57,900 --> 00:33:01,050
position of the fill it in the joint the

772
00:33:01,050 --> 00:33:02,970
angle in relation to the well controls

773
00:33:02,970 --> 00:33:05,160
the shape of the bead holding the rod

774
00:33:05,160 --> 00:33:07,260
perpendicular heats the metal quickly

775
00:33:07,260 --> 00:33:09,420
spreading the puddle for a flatter weld

776
00:33:09,420 --> 00:33:12,600
as a rod as angled back the weld starts

777
00:33:12,600 --> 00:33:15,870
to crown there are a lot of variables

778
00:33:15,870 --> 00:33:18,600
you have to watch the puddle with sixty

779
00:33:18,600 --> 00:33:21,120
ten or sixty eleven pulled around nearly

780
00:33:21,120 --> 00:33:24,420
perpendicular to the weld with arc on

781
00:33:24,420 --> 00:33:26,340
the leading edge move the puddle into

782
00:33:26,340 --> 00:33:29,040
the bottom corner push it up to the top
783
00:33:29,040 --> 00:33:31,230
edge and bring the rod around to the

784
00:33:31,230 --> 00:33:34,559
leading edge you may need to speed up or

785
00:33:34,559 --> 00:33:36,870
slow down to provide the heat but always

786
00:33:36,870 --> 00:33:38,820
bring the arc back to the leading edge

787
00:33:38,820 --> 00:33:41,550
to fuse the corner watch the puddle

788
00:33:41,550 --> 00:33:44,429
flowing out to the top edge and tying in

789
00:33:44,429 --> 00:33:47,820
on the bottom the fast freeze rods

790
00:33:47,820 --> 00:33:50,280
provide excellent penetration but tend

791
00:33:50,280 --> 00:33:54,360
to produce a flat or concave weld even

792
00:33:54,360 --> 00:33:56,429
on thinner metals it may take a second

793
00:33:56,429 --> 00:33:58,410
pass to build up a full fill it the

794
00:33:58,410 --> 00:34:01,610
filler rods build up a smoother weld

795
00:34:01,610 --> 00:34:04,080
maintain a constant arc gap for a

796
00:34:04,080 --> 00:34:06,660
uniform weld be adjusting the travel

797
00:34:06,660 --> 00:34:08,580
speed and rod angle so the puddle flows

798
00:34:08,580 --> 00:34:11,879
out all the way to the top edge because

799
00:34:11,879 --> 00:34:13,980
the filler metal remains fluid longer

800
00:34:13,980 --> 00:34:15,989
turn running straight without any rod

801
00:34:15,989 --> 00:34:18,030
movement keeping the arc on the leading

802
00:34:18,030 --> 00:34:19,909
edge of the puddle

803
00:34:19,909 --> 00:34:22,100
I'm thicker metal you may not be able to

804
00:34:22,100 --> 00:34:24,110
make a full filling in one pass

805
00:34:24,110 --> 00:34:25,969
you might be able to get it in two

806
00:34:25,969 --> 00:34:28,550
passes the first one smaller and flat

807
00:34:28,550 --> 00:34:30,800
then slowing down to carry more metal

808
00:34:30,800 --> 00:34:33,380
and crown the bead on the second pass it

809
00:34:33,380 --> 00:34:35,960
might take three or more passes and on

810
00:34:35,960 --> 00:34:38,570
heavy welds use 7018 to prevent the

811
00:34:38,570 --> 00:34:41,719
bottom beads from cracking put the first

812
00:34:41,719 --> 00:34:44,449
one infusing the bottom corner chip off

813
00:34:44,449 --> 00:34:46,630
all the slag and wire brush the well

814
00:34:46,630 --> 00:34:49,100
determine how far out the weld needs to

815
00:34:49,100 --> 00:34:51,139
be and holding the rod straighter up and

816
00:34:51,139 --> 00:34:53,270
down angled slightly back towards the

817
00:34:53,270 --> 00:34:55,639
well run a bead keeping the outside edge

818
00:34:55,639 --> 00:34:58,850
straight angle the rod more into the

819
00:34:58,850 --> 00:35:01,040
joint and perpendicular to the weld and

820
00:35:01,040 --> 00:35:03,440
run a second pass filling to the top

821
00:35:03,440 --> 00:35:05,220
edge

822
00:35:05,220 --> 00:35:07,650
overhead fill it's really are like flat

823
00:35:07,650 --> 00:35:10,710
weld just more awkward angle the rod

824
00:35:10,710 --> 00:35:12,900
into the corner with slight adjustments

825
00:35:12,900 --> 00:35:15,329
for different thickness metals keep the

826
00:35:15,329 --> 00:35:17,630
rod nearly perpendicular to the weld
827
00:35:17,630 --> 00:35:20,250
watch the puddle flowing out to the edge

828
00:35:20,250 --> 00:35:23,099
of the lap piece as long as you keep the

829
00:35:23,099 --> 00:35:24,780
filler metal and base metal from

830
00:35:24,780 --> 00:35:27,089
overheating that weld will stay right up

831
00:35:27,089 --> 00:35:30,990
there on vertical lap joints the outside

832
00:35:30,990 --> 00:35:33,180
corner is going to heat up a lot quicker

833
00:35:33,180 --> 00:35:36,450
than the surface for vertical down weld

834
00:35:36,450 --> 00:35:39,809
angle the rod up slightly carry the heat

835
00:35:39,809 --> 00:35:42,839
on the back piece move into the corner

836
00:35:42,839 --> 00:35:45,510
pushing the puddle to the edge then back

837
00:35:45,510 --> 00:35:48,539
out adjust the travel speed to stay

838
00:35:48,539 --> 00:35:50,339
ahead of the puddle and make sure you're

839
00:35:50,339 --> 00:35:51,690
on the leading edge of the puddle to

840
00:35:51,690 --> 00:35:54,180
move into the corner you aren't going to

841
00:35:54,180 --> 00:35:55,710
build up a lot of weld on a vertical
842
00:35:55,710 --> 00:35:57,960
town so you'll probably need to run a

843
00:35:57,960 --> 00:36:02,220
second pass vertical up with 7018 will

844
00:36:02,220 --> 00:36:04,049
not only provide us stronger wealth you

845
00:36:04,049 --> 00:36:06,089
can also build up more filler metal in

846
00:36:06,089 --> 00:36:09,270
one pass always keep in mind that 7018

847
00:36:09,270 --> 00:36:11,730
is very sensitive to the arc gap you

848
00:36:11,730 --> 00:36:13,410
don't want to jam the rods into the

849
00:36:13,410 --> 00:36:15,710
sides or long arc across the center

850
00:36:15,710 --> 00:36:18,960
carry the heat on the back piece as soon

851
00:36:18,960 --> 00:36:21,059
as the puddle flows out move into the

852
00:36:21,059 --> 00:36:23,160
corner letting the filler metal flow to

853
00:36:23,160 --> 00:36:25,410
the outside edge even pulling the rod

854
00:36:25,410 --> 00:36:27,420
out a little if necessary to maintain a

855
00:36:27,420 --> 00:36:30,089
uniform arc gap then back into the

856
00:36:30,089 --> 00:36:32,549
corner and across slowing down to let

857
00:36:32,549 --> 00:36:35,849
the puddle flow out keep the upward

858
00:36:35,849 --> 00:36:37,619
progression tight and use a high enough

859
00:36:37,619 --> 00:36:39,089
amperage setting so you don't have to

860
00:36:39,089 --> 00:36:41,849
wait for the puddle to tie in if you

861
00:36:41,849 --> 00:36:43,740
have any trouble running an uphill fill

862
00:36:43,740 --> 00:36:46,079
it with 7018 try starting out with a

863
00:36:46,079 --> 00:36:49,140
3/32 diameter welding rod the smaller

864
00:36:49,140 --> 00:36:52,559
puddle is easier to control you can also

865
00:36:52,559 --> 00:36:54,990
try stepping in a downhill pass of sixty

866
00:36:54,990 --> 00:36:57,900
ten or sixty eleven first this not only

867
00:36:57,900 --> 00:37:00,299
provides good penetration it fills in

868
00:37:00,299 --> 00:37:02,160
the corner making it easier to maintain

869
00:37:02,160 --> 00:37:05,520
a uniform arc gap for welding uphill

870
00:37:05,520 --> 00:37:07,650
for heavier metal I'm more well build up

871
00:37:07,650 --> 00:37:09,690
you can either stack weld beads

872
00:37:09,690 --> 00:37:13,410
side-by-side or use a weave bead lap

873
00:37:13,410 --> 00:37:15,540
joints in any position are fairly easy

874
00:37:15,540 --> 00:37:18,210
to well the outside corner will melt

875
00:37:18,210 --> 00:37:20,970
away especially on thinner metal if the

876
00:37:20,970 --> 00:37:23,700
top edge isn't uniform hold your grinder

877
00:37:23,700 --> 00:37:25,170
flat and skim along the edge to

878
00:37:25,170 --> 00:37:36,690
straighten it up a Filat weld is also

879
00:37:36,690 --> 00:37:38,700
used on a tee joint and this is very

880
00:37:38,700 --> 00:37:40,980
similar to a lap well except you don't

881
00:37:40,980 --> 00:37:42,720
have that outside edge heating up

882
00:37:42,720 --> 00:37:45,510
quickly on a tee joint the top side of

883
00:37:45,510 --> 00:37:47,550
the well is going to require more heat

884
00:37:47,550 --> 00:37:50,280
so angle around into the corner to push

885
00:37:50,280 --> 00:37:52,950
the puddle up if the rod is not angle
886
00:37:52,950 --> 00:37:55,050
enough to allow that molten pool to flow

887
00:37:55,050 --> 00:37:57,589
out to the top you may leave undercut

888
00:37:57,589 --> 00:38:00,930
with sixty ten or sixty eleven always

889
00:38:00,930 --> 00:38:02,700
bring the arc back to the leading edge

890
00:38:02,700 --> 00:38:05,970
to fuse the corner angle around to push

891
00:38:05,970 --> 00:38:08,849
the puddle up watch the top side to

892
00:38:08,849 --> 00:38:11,100
avoid undercutting

893
00:38:11,100 --> 00:38:14,670
the filler rod 6013 or better yet 7018

894
00:38:14,670 --> 00:38:18,090
will provide more well deposit in the

895
00:38:18,090 --> 00:38:19,770
flat position hold around nearly

896
00:38:19,770 --> 00:38:22,050
perpendicular to the weld making sure

897
00:38:22,050 --> 00:38:23,910
the molten pool is flowing out both on

898
00:38:23,910 --> 00:38:25,380
the top and the bottom

899
00:38:25,380 --> 00:38:27,720
try running straight maintaining a

900
00:38:27,720 --> 00:38:31,110
uniform mark gap and travel speed if you
901
00:38:31,110 --> 00:38:33,300
need a bigger weld try using a larger

902
00:38:33,300 --> 00:38:35,640
diameter welding rod or stacking up weld

903
00:38:35,640 --> 00:38:40,350
beads overhead is the same as flat hold

904
00:38:40,350 --> 00:38:42,270
around nearly perpendicular to the weld

905
00:38:42,270 --> 00:38:45,720
angles to push the puddle up maintain a

906
00:38:45,720 --> 00:38:48,240
uniform arc gap and travel speed not

907
00:38:48,240 --> 00:38:49,770
letting the metal or the weld deposit

908
00:38:49,770 --> 00:38:53,430
overheat for more well stacked beads

909
00:38:53,430 --> 00:38:57,090
from the top down on a vertical tee

910
00:38:57,090 --> 00:39:00,480
joint downhill is easier use a modified

911
00:39:00,480 --> 00:39:02,670
circular motion always coming back to

912
00:39:02,670 --> 00:39:04,980
the leading edge then pushing the puddle

913
00:39:04,980 --> 00:39:06,830
out to the sides

914
00:39:06,830 --> 00:39:09,090
set the amperage high enough so the

915
00:39:09,090 --> 00:39:11,430
puddle spreads out and travel fast

916
00:39:11,430 --> 00:39:13,140
enough to stay ahead of the molten

917
00:39:13,140 --> 00:39:16,110
filler metal watch both sides to avoid

918
00:39:16,110 --> 00:39:20,970
undercutting along the edges 7018 uphill

919
00:39:20,970 --> 00:39:24,180
will bill weld faster for the first pass

920
00:39:24,180 --> 00:39:26,370
deep in the corner angle the rod up

921
00:39:26,370 --> 00:39:29,100
slightly pay attention to the arc gap

922
00:39:29,100 --> 00:39:31,350
following the base metals into the

923
00:39:31,350 --> 00:39:34,500
corner and along the sides this is very

924
00:39:34,500 --> 00:39:36,690
subtle it's just a little movement into

925
00:39:36,690 --> 00:39:39,030
the corner as you're coming across but

926
00:39:39,030 --> 00:39:41,400
jamming the rod into the sides cools the

927
00:39:41,400 --> 00:39:43,920
weld down and long arcing across the

928
00:39:43,920 --> 00:39:47,010
center creates more heat most of the

929
00:39:47,010 --> 00:39:48,870
problems with running uphill come from

930
00:39:48,870 --> 00:39:51,090
not maintaining a consistent amount of

931
00:39:51,090 --> 00:39:53,520
heat when the arc gap varies the heat

932
00:39:53,520 --> 00:39:55,830
varies making it difficult to adjust the

933
00:39:55,830 --> 00:39:57,480
travel speed to keep the filler metal

934
00:39:57,480 --> 00:40:00,900
from spilling down try to maintain that

935
00:40:00,900 --> 00:40:03,510
arc gap as soon as the puddle flows out

936
00:40:03,510 --> 00:40:05,640
to the side move into the corner and

937
00:40:05,640 --> 00:40:08,280
across to the other side let the puddle

938
00:40:08,280 --> 00:40:11,010
flow out and move back set the amperage

939
00:40:11,010 --> 00:40:13,050
and adjust the travel speed so you don't

940
00:40:13,050 --> 00:40:16,070
have to wait too long on the sides

941
00:40:16,070 --> 00:40:18,410
as you gain experience and physical

942
00:40:18,410 --> 00:40:20,630
control of the rod you can try to carry

943
00:40:20,630 --> 00:40:22,850
more metal uphill but while you're

944
00:40:22,850 --> 00:40:25,010
learning to well just get that first one
945
00:40:25,010 --> 00:40:27,290
deep in the corner keeping it uniform

946
00:40:27,290 --> 00:40:29,660
and avoiding undercut if you need more

947
00:40:29,660 --> 00:40:31,730
well maintaining the arc gap on the

948
00:40:31,730 --> 00:40:35,000
second pass is a lot easier depending on

949
00:40:35,000 --> 00:40:36,800
the amperage setting slow down or

950
00:40:36,800 --> 00:40:38,750
hesitate on the sides until the puddle

951
00:40:38,750 --> 00:40:41,270
flows out move across the center a

952
00:40:41,270 --> 00:40:43,550
little quicker and slow down to let the

953
00:40:43,550 --> 00:40:45,800
puddle flow out on the other side then

954
00:40:45,800 --> 00:40:48,320
just side to side keeping the upward

955
00:40:48,320 --> 00:40:51,710
progression tight for heavier metal and

956
00:40:51,710 --> 00:40:54,080
more well build up you can either stack

957
00:40:54,080 --> 00:40:56,600
weld beads side by side or use a weave

958
00:40:56,600 --> 00:41:00,350
be t-joints in any position will draw in

959
00:41:00,350 --> 00:41:02,420
the direction of the well if you can get
960
00:41:02,420 --> 00:41:04,790
to both sides all ornate welding on one

961
00:41:04,790 --> 00:41:06,680
side then the other until you're

962
00:41:06,680 --> 00:41:09,040
finished

963
00:41:15,610 --> 00:41:18,710
last is corner joints depending on the

964
00:41:18,710 --> 00:41:20,450
weld position and what you want the

965
00:41:20,450 --> 00:41:22,160
finished corner to look like there are

966
00:41:22,160 --> 00:41:24,320
choices in preparation and fit up to

967
00:41:24,320 --> 00:41:27,260
provide good penetration one piece can

968
00:41:27,260 --> 00:41:30,140
be bevel at a 45-degree angle opening it

969
00:41:30,140 --> 00:41:31,760
up so you can get the rod all the way to

970
00:41:31,760 --> 00:41:34,640
the bottom the beveled edge is going to

971
00:41:34,640 --> 00:41:37,100
heat up quicker than the flat angle the

972
00:41:37,100 --> 00:41:38,900
rod into the joint making sure the

973
00:41:38,900 --> 00:41:41,180
puddle flows out and ties in to both

974
00:41:41,180 --> 00:41:44,990
pieces a first pass at sixty ten or

975
00:41:44,990 --> 00:41:46,400
sixty eleven will provide good

976
00:41:46,400 --> 00:41:48,980
penetration and is easier to handle in

977
00:41:48,980 --> 00:41:52,040
the bottom of the joint with 7018 try

978
00:41:52,040 --> 00:41:54,560
using a 3/32 diameter rod for the first

979
00:41:54,560 --> 00:41:56,840
pass especially in the horizontal or

980
00:41:56,840 --> 00:41:59,720
vertical weld position keep the top of

981
00:41:59,720 --> 00:42:02,030
the filler beads flat to avoid trapping

982
00:42:02,030 --> 00:42:04,490
slag and leave the top edges as guides

983
00:42:04,490 --> 00:42:07,250
for the cap on thinner metal you can

984
00:42:07,250 --> 00:42:09,470
tack up the pieces without a bevel then

985
00:42:09,470 --> 00:42:12,440
use a grinder to groove the joint for

986
00:42:12,440 --> 00:42:14,390
ornamental type projects you can grind

987
00:42:14,390 --> 00:42:16,630
the well for a nice square corner

988
00:42:16,630 --> 00:42:19,160
corners can also be fit up butting the

989
00:42:19,160 --> 00:42:21,650
inside edges for maximum penetration

990
00:42:21,650 --> 00:42:25,220
tack up leaving a small gap this type of

991
00:42:25,220 --> 00:42:27,320
fit up requires less metal preparation

992
00:42:27,320 --> 00:42:29,600
and for ornamental type work the weld

993
00:42:29,600 --> 00:42:31,310
can be polished for a more rounded

994
00:42:31,310 --> 00:42:34,010
corner or ground flat for a beveled

995
00:42:34,010 --> 00:42:37,160
corner in the horizontal position angle

996
00:42:37,160 --> 00:42:39,260
the rod into the corner fairly

997
00:42:39,260 --> 00:42:41,330
perpendicular to the well and maintain a

998
00:42:41,330 --> 00:42:44,750
uniform arc gap when both pieces are the

999
00:42:44,750 --> 00:42:45,710
same thickness

1000
00:42:45,710 --> 00:42:47,240
they should heat up evenly and

1001
00:42:47,240 --> 00:42:50,630
relatively quick with 7018 adjust your

1002
00:42:50,630 --> 00:42:52,790
travel speed so the puddle flows out to

1003
00:42:52,790 --> 00:42:55,430
the top and bottom edges but move fast
1004
00:42:55,430 --> 00:42:57,140
enough to keep the weld deposit from

1005
00:42:57,140 --> 00:42:59,020
sagging

1006
00:42:59,020 --> 00:43:00,940
because both edges are heating up

1007
00:43:00,940 --> 00:43:02,980
quickly the filler metal will be more

1008
00:43:02,980 --> 00:43:05,050
fluid limiting the amount of weld

1009
00:43:05,050 --> 00:43:06,940
buildup you can handle without having it

1010
00:43:06,940 --> 00:43:09,849
sag if you need to make two passes to

1011
00:43:09,849 --> 00:43:12,880
fill the joint run the first one fusing

1012
00:43:12,880 --> 00:43:15,030
the corner and out to the bottom edge

1013
00:43:15,030 --> 00:43:18,040
use the second pass to fill in the top

1014
00:43:18,040 --> 00:43:21,790
i'm thicker metal plan the weld leaving

1015
00:43:21,790 --> 00:43:23,650
a little of the corners for the final

1016
00:43:23,650 --> 00:43:26,530
series of passes in the vertical

1017
00:43:26,530 --> 00:43:28,780
position downhill will make a flatter

1018
00:43:28,780 --> 00:43:31,089
weld and will probably require more than
1019
00:43:31,089 --> 00:43:35,050
one pass for vertical up with 7018 the

1020
00:43:35,050 --> 00:43:37,660
outside edges are going to melt fast so

1021
00:43:37,660 --> 00:43:39,880
try using a smaller diameter rod for

1022
00:43:39,880 --> 00:43:42,700
better control pay attention to the arc

1023
00:43:42,700 --> 00:43:45,040
gap following the base metals into the

1024
00:43:45,040 --> 00:43:48,460
corner and along the sides keep moving

1025
00:43:48,460 --> 00:43:50,560
you won't have to hesitate it all on the

1026
00:43:50,560 --> 00:43:54,490
outside edges on any type of corner

1027
00:43:54,490 --> 00:43:56,440
joint you want the amount of well to

1028
00:43:56,440 --> 00:43:58,839
equal the thickness of the metal if you

1029
00:43:58,839 --> 00:44:00,940
have any concerns about the strength of

1030
00:44:00,940 --> 00:44:03,250
the joint you can make a fill it on the

1031
00:44:03,250 --> 00:44:05,440
inside but this will tend to draw the

1032
00:44:05,440 --> 00:44:07,260
pieces in the direction of the weld

1033
00:44:07,260 --> 00:44:09,849
whenever possible always try to make the

1034
00:44:09,849 --> 00:44:13,990
outside weld first well I hope I've

1035
00:44:13,990 --> 00:44:15,640
given you an idea of how to put two

1036
00:44:15,640 --> 00:44:17,950
pieces of metal together there are many

1037
00:44:17,950 --> 00:44:20,050
more options in metal preparation and

1038
00:44:20,050 --> 00:44:22,930
fit up to provide for penetration limit

1039
00:44:22,930 --> 00:44:24,609
the effects of the metal drawing and

1040
00:44:24,609 --> 00:44:26,589
reduce the amount of filler metal

1041
00:44:26,589 --> 00:44:29,170
deposit regardless of the type of weld

1042
00:44:29,170 --> 00:44:31,359
joint you're working on you need to

1043
00:44:31,359 --> 00:44:33,880
experiment with the amperage rot angle

1044
00:44:33,880 --> 00:44:36,250
and travel speed learning to control the

1045
00:44:36,250 --> 00:44:38,380
amount of weld deposit and figuring out

1046
00:44:38,380 --> 00:44:40,119
just how much metal you can carry

1047
00:44:40,119 --> 00:44:43,330
without having it sag or drip make

1048
00:44:43,330 --> 00:44:45,070
slight adjustments in the travel speed

1049
00:44:45,070 --> 00:44:46,990
when necessary to maintain the puddle

1050
00:44:46,990 --> 00:44:49,180
and use the rod angle to control the

1051
00:44:49,180 --> 00:44:51,880
shape of the weld build up focus on the

1052
00:44:51,880 --> 00:44:53,859
weld puddle watching the sides tie in

1053
00:44:53,859 --> 00:44:55,210
and keeping the filler metal from

1054
00:44:55,210 --> 00:44:58,089
overheating above all else take your

1055
00:44:58,089 --> 00:00:00,000
time have fun with this and work safely