VeterinaryComparativeAnatomy

Anatomy of the PART 2- BLOOD VESSELS

CARDIOVASCULAR system

CRISTO REY C. BATOY

Department of Morphophysiology and Pharmacology
College of Veterinary Science and Medicine
CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY
bcristorey@yahoo.com
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- consists of the heart and a system of vessels for
distribution of the blood to the tissues of the body
and to the lungs for exchange of gases.

Pulmonic Circulation
- through the right side of the heart to the lungs

Systemic circulation
- through the left side of the heart to the heart
itself and to the rest of the body
Major Structures

HEART

BLOOD VESSELS
 Figure of 8
ARTERIES – away
from the heart

VEIN – towards the

heart
 Figure of 8

Review of blood flow

ARTERIES – away
from the heart

VEIN – towards the

R L heart
 HEART
Dorsal
• hollow muscular pump of the
cardiovascular system Carniodorsal

Cranial
Review of blood circulation
HEART
Pericardium - double-walled
membrane
1. Fibrous pericardium – outer
2. Serous pericardium – inner
a) Parietal
b) Visceral - epicardium

*Pericardial space
**Pericardial fluid
 HEART

• 60% of the heart is situated on

the left side
• Location – between 3rd and 6th rib
(7th in cats and dogs)
 Chambers of the Heart

• in the adult it consists of

a four chambers:
b a. right atrium
a

b. left atrium
c c. right ventricle
d
d. left ventricle
 Right Atrium
- forms the right, dorsocranial part of
the base
- chamber that receives deoxygenated
blood from the body
Openings:
1. Cranial vena cava
2. Caudal vena cava
3. Coronary sinus
4. Right atrioventricular orifice
 Right Ventricle
• Chamber receiving blood from the right
atrium and sending it to the lungs

*Do not extend up to the apex of the

heart
CONUS ARTERIOSUS – funnel-shaped;
expanded outflow of the right ventricle
to the pulmonary trunk
SUPRAVENTRICULAR CREST – separates
conus to the main chamber of right
ventricle
 Chordae Tendinae
CHORDAE TENDINAE – fibrous strands
anchoring the free edges of the AV valves
to the papillary muscles preventing the
eversion of the valves cusps

PAPILLARY MUSCLES – conical shaped

muscular projection; generally three

*this arrangement prevents valve from

prolapsing into the atrium
 Left Atrium
• forms the left, dorsocaudal
part of the base
• receives oxygenated blood
from the lungs via the
pulmonary veins
• similar to right atrium in
structure and shape.

Openings: pulmonary veins, left

AV opening
 Left ventricle
• forms the apex of the heart
• has the thickest wall among the
heart compartments

LEFT AV VALVE
• bicuspid valve/mitral valve - 2 cusps

AORTIC ORIFICE
• opening to the ascending aorta
• closed by aortic valve.
 *
* *
* * * *
*
* *
*
Canine heart

Apex blunt and rounded;

heart is ovoid in shape
Bovine heart

• very fatty
• two bones (ossa cordis)
• present in the aortic
fibrous ring
Ovine heart

**Sheep- has pointed apex

Porcine heart

**apex is double
Equine heart

• wt. approximately 10 lbs

• cranial border convex
while caudal border first
convex then concave
 A – Dog
B – Pig
C – Sheep

** the apex is entirely the

left ventricle of the heart
Which of the following species
has the double apex heart?

A. Equine C. Bovine

B. Porcine D. Ovine
Porcine heart
**apex is double
Which of the following vessels
supply nourishment to lung
parenchyma

A. Pulmonary arteries C. Right ventricle

B. Pulmonary veins D. Bronchial Vessels

 From the Right Atrium,
deoxygenated blood passes through
which of the following valve to get
into the right ventricle?
A. Bicuspid valve C. Aortic valve

B. Pulmonary valve D. Right AV Valve

 Figure of 8

Review of blood flow

ARTERIES – away
from the heart

VEIN – towards the

R L heart
 The following are the openings of
the right atrium EXCEPT

A. Cranial vena cava C. Coronary sinus

B. Right atrioventricular
D. Pulmonary veins
orifice
 Chambers of the heart
Right Atrium Openings:
1.Cranial vena cava
2.Caudal vena cava
3.Coronary sinus
4.Right atrioventricular orifice

Left Atrium Openings:

1. Pulmonary veins
2. Left AV orifice
 Which of the following is the
normal location of the heart of the
dog?

A. Between 4th to 6th rib C. Between 6th to 8th rib

B. Between 5th to 6th rib D. Between 3rd to 7th rib

 HEART

• 60% of the heart is situated on

the left side
• Location – between 3rd and 6th rib
(or 7th in cats and dogs)