JOHN DIETHER A.

BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

GIVEN :

MC150X17.9

 Ag = 2260mm2
 x(bar) = 17.8mm
 A572

PL9.5mm (230mm connected)

 Ag = 230 x 9.5
 A36

REQUIRED:

Maximum Service Load

SOLUTION:

A. LRFD

TENSION MEMBER GROSS SECTION STRENGTH

Pn=FyAg
Pn=345(2260)
Pn=779.7 KN
ᴓPn=0.9(779.7)
ᴓPn=701.93 KN
NET SECTION STRENGTH
U=1
Ae=AgU
Pn=FuAe=2260(450)
Pn=1017 KN
ᴓPn=762.75 KN
WELD STRENGTH
Rn=0.707WlFw
Rn=0.707(5)(480)
Rn=1.697 KN/mm
ᴓRn=0.75(1.697)
JOHN DIETHER A. BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

ᴓRn=1.273 KN/mm
BASE METAL SHEAR STRENGTH OF THE PLATE
YIELDING:
ᴓRn=ᴓ0.6Fyt
ᴓRn=1(0.6)(250)(9.5)
ᴓRn=1.425 KN/mm > 1.273KN/mm
RUPTURE:
ᴓRn=ᴓ0.6Fut
ᴓRn=0.75(0.6)(400)(9.5)
ᴓRn=1.710 KN/mm > 1.273KN/mm
BASE METAL SHEAR STRENGTH OF THE TENSION MEMBERS
YIELDING:
ᴓRn=ᴓ0.6Fyt
ᴓRn=1(0.6)(345)(7.9)
ᴓRn=1.635 KN/mm > 1.273KN/mm
RUPTURE:
ᴓRn=ᴓ0.6Fut
ᴓRn=0.75(0.6)(450)(7.9)
ᴓRn=1.6 KN/mm > 1.273KN/mm
AT WELD: ᴓRn= 1.273 KN/mm
1.) TRANSVERSE & LONGITUDINAL
ᴓRn= 1.273(230 + 230 +152)
ᴓRn= 778.83 KN
2.)LONGITUDINAL & TRANSVERS (85%;50%)
ᴓRn= 0.85(1.273)(230 + 230 ) + 0.50(152)
ᴓRn= 787.74 KN-----ADOPT

CHECK BLOCK SHEAR

Ag=Anv=9.5(230)=2185 mm^2
Ant=9.5(152)=1444 mm^2
Rn=0.6FuAnv + 1.0FuAnt
Rn=0.6(400)(2185) + 1.0(400)(1444)
Rn=1102 KN
UPPER LIMIT
Rn=0.6FuAnv + 1.0FuAnt
Rn=0.6(250)(2185) + 1.0(400)(1444)
Rn=905.35 KN---ADOPT
CONSIDER: Rn=905.35 KN
ᴓRn= 0.75(905.35)
ᴓRn= 679 KN
BLOCK SHEAR CONTROL
Pu=679 KN
D/L=2.5
Pu= 1.2D + 1.6L
679=1.2D + 1.6(2.5)(D)
D=130.58 KN
L=326.44 KN
P=D + L
JOHN DIETHER A. BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

P=130.58 + 326.44
P= 457 KN

B. ASD
TENSION MEMBER GROSS SECTION STRENGTH
Pn/Ω=(FyAg)/Ω
Pn/Ω=(345x2260)/1.67
Pn/Ω=466.89 KN
TENSION MEMBER GROSS SECTION STRENGTH
Pn/Ω=(FuAe)/Ω
Ae=Ag
Pn/Ω=(450x2260)/2
Pn/Ω=508.5 KN
WELD: Rn/Ω= 0.5(0.6)(0.707)(WlFw)
Rn/Ω= 0.5(0.6)(0.707)(5)(480)
Rn/Ω= 0.509 KN/mm
1.) TRANSVERSE & LONGITUDINAL
Rn/Ω=0.509(230 + 230 +152)
Rn/Ω=311.51 KN
2.) LONGITUDINAL & TRANSVERS (85%;50%)
Rn/Ω= 0.85(0.509)(230 + 230 ) + 0.509(1.5)(152)
Rn/Ω= 315.10 KN----->ADOPT

BLOCK SHEAR; Rn=905.35 KN

Rn/Ω=905.32/2
Rn/Ω=452.68 KN
WELD STRENGTH CONTROLS:
Pa=315.10
D/L=2.5
Pu=D + L
315.10=D + 2.5D
D=90 KN
L=225.7 KN
JOHN DIETHER A. BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

GIVEN :

PL12.7x200mm

 Ag = 12.7 x 200mm
 A992

PL9.5mm (maximum connectiom connected 200mm)

 Ag = 200 x 9.5
 A36

REQUIRED:

Weld Design

SOLUTION:

A. LRFD
TENSION MEMBER GROSS SECTION STRENGTH
Pn=FyAg
Pn= 250(12.7)(200)
Pn= 571.5 KN
ᴓPn= 0.9(571.5)
ᴓPn= 514.35 KN
NET SECTION STRENGTH
U=1
Ae=AgU
Pn=FuAe=(12.7)(200)(400)
Pn=1016 KN
ᴓPn=0.75(1016)
ᴓPn=762 KN
JOHN DIETHER A. BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

Ftr ; t=9.5 mm
min. t of W = 4.75 mm
max. t OF W = 9.5-0.5(4.75) = 7.125 mm
try: 5 mm E48 weld (fillet)
DESIGN STRENGTH PER mm OF WELD:
Rn=0.707WlFw
Rn=0.707(5)(480)
Rn=1.697 KN/mm
ᴓRn= 0.75(1.697)
ᴓRn= 1.273 KN/mm
BASE METAL SHEAR STRENGTH OF THE TENSION MEMBERS
YIELDING:
ᴓRn=ᴓ0.6Fyt
ᴓRn=1(0.6)(345)(9.5)
ᴓRn=1.967 KN/mm > 1.273KN/mm
BASE METAL SHEAR STRENGTH OF THE TENSION MEMBERS
RUPTURE:
ᴓRn=ᴓ0.6Fut
ᴓRn=0.75(0.6)(450)(9.5)
ᴓRn=1.924KN/mm > 1.273KN/mm

ADOPT WELD STRENGTH:

1.273 KN/mm
Pn=571.5 KN
TOTAL LENGTH OF WELD = 571.5/1.273 = 449 mm
LENGTH OF LONGITUDINAL WELD = (449-200)(0.5) = 124.5 mm
TRY:
LONGITUDINAL WELDS:
0.85(1.273)=1.1 KN/mm
TRANSVERSE WELD:
1.5(1.273)=1.9 KN/mm
LONGITUDINAL LOADS:
571.5-200(1.9)=191.5 KN
REQUIRED LENGTH:
191.5/(2x1.1)=87 mm
USE:
TRANSVERSE WELD: 200mm
LONGITUDINAL WELDS: 100mm
CHECK BLOCK SHEAR
Agv=Anv=2(9.5)(100)=1900 mm^2
Ant=9.5(200)1900 mm^2
Rn=0.6FuAnv + 1.0FuAnt
Rn=0.6(450)(1900) + 1.0(450)(1900)
Rn=1368 KN
JOHN DIETHER A. BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

UPPER LIMIT
Rn=0.6FuAnv + 1.0FuAnt
Rn=0.6(345)(1900) + 1.0(450)(1900)
Rn=1248.3 KN------ADOPT

ᴓRn= 0.75(1248.3)
ᴓRn= 936.23 KN > 514.35 KN OK…..

B. Illustration
JOHN DIETHER A. BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

A. Describe the different welding methods. Show a photo of each method.

Stick/Arc welding (SMAW)

This common method of welding was invented in the year 1802 and involves the use of a
consumable electrode that has a flux-coated core wire that gives electric current. When in contact with
the metal being welded an electric arc is created at the gap generating high temperatures of up
to 6500o F. This heat melts the electrode and the metal thus creating a weld. This welding method is
beneficial in that it does not require shielding gas and is effective on rusty metals. However, thin metals
can complicate the process, necessitating the presence of a skilled and experienced operator.
Arc welding is best used on heavy metals of size 4mm and above and is used in repairing heavy equipment,
steel erection, and pipeline welding as well as in the manufacturing and construction industry.
JOHN DIETHER A. BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding or GMAW

This common type of welding was perfected in the 1960s. MIG welding uses a gun that is
continuously fed with a consumable electrode. The process uses an external gas to shield the welded
metal from environmental factors like oxygen making it continuous and quick. This method is easy to
learn, produces less welding fumes, has high electrode efficiency and requires less heat input. However,
the equipment is costly, the process does not work effectively on thick materials and it requires an
external shielding gas.
MIG welding works well with a variety of alloys like stainless steel, aluminum, silicon bronze, magnesium,
copper and nickel. It is used in automotive repairs, construction, plumbing, robotics, fabrication and
maritime repairs.

Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding or GTAW

JOHN DIETHER A. BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

This welding method, released in the year 1941, is a difficult and time-consuming welding process
that requires a high level of skill and focus. An autogenous weld can be created by melting two pieces of
metal together without filler metal. TIG produces high quality and spatter free welds of various alloys that
can be very thin. However, it requires a highly skilled operator and external shielding gas and does not
work on rusty or dirty materials.
TIG welding is best used in aerospace welding, vehicle, motorcycle and bike manufacturing, tubing and in
high precision welds.

Flux-Cored Arc Welding

This method of welding is similar to SMAW except that it uses tubular wire-filled flux in place of a
solid wire. It can be self-shielded or dual shielded with an additional external gas. It is used in welding
thick materials, heavy equipment repair, and construction as well as in steel erection.
Welding processes have highly evolved in recent years giving rise to a variety of new and innovative
methods. As such, it is necessary that you understand these techniques so that you know which one is
right for your job. This will largely dictate who you will want to hire to complete it. Every method of
welding has distinct advantages and disadvantages, and you will want to take the time to consider which
process will be optimal for your application. No matter what welding method is right for your
project Swanton Welding can aid you today.
B. Sketch the basic welding symbols.
JOHN DIETHER A. BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

B. Sketch the basic welding symbols.

JOHN DIETHER A. BARROGA 11/28/29
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS IN WELDED CONNECTIONS STEEL AND TIMBER DESIGN

C. Draw the schematic diagram for the SMAW welding process.