Control Valve

¾ Used for manipulating a flowing fluid, such as gas,

steam, water, or chemical compounds.
¾ Objective to compensate for the load disturbance.
¾ Keep the regulated process variable as close as
possible to the desired set point.
 How do you Control the Valve ?
Control loop must consists of :
• Primary Sensing Element (Orifice, Thermocouple, Positive
Displacement, Switches)
• Transmitter (PT, FT, LT, TT)
• Controller (Local Controller, DCS, Switch)
• Signal Converter (I/P)
• Final Control Element (PCV, LCV, TCV, FCV)
Supplement Element : Local Indicator, Alarm (High, Low, HH, LL)
Inst. / Cont. Supports for CV’s Operation
Field Local Panel Control
Room
Instrument

Shared
Display/control
Computer
Function
Programmable
Logic Controller
*) Normally inaccessible or behind-the-panel devices or functions
may be depicted by using the same symbol but with dashed
horizontal bars, i.e.
 Signal incoming to the Actuator
• Pneumatically operated control valve actuators are the
most popular type in use.
• Electric and electro-hydraulic actuators often used if
there is no air supply source is available, or where
unusually large stem forces are needed.
• Electric and electro-hydraulic actuators are more
complex and more expensive than pneumatic
actuators.
ISA’s Standard of Line Representation
Pneumatic signal

Electric signal or

Hydraulic signal
 Types of Control Valve
Gate Ball Globe Butterfly Diaphragm

On-off On-off Throttling On-off / Throttling Throttling

Virtually no Virtually no High dP due Minimal Almost no

pressure loss pressure loss to contorted pressure loss leakage;
across the across the path through across valve process fluid is
valve face valve face the valve face isolated from
valve stem

Used when Most suitable For many Usually for Water treatment,
the fluid for handling kinds of flow low-pressure chemical and
contains slurries, not for regulation applications abrasive service
suspended service with with high dP
solids highly corrosive necessity
fluids
P&ID Representation for Control Valve

Normally Open Globe Valve Normally Close Globe Valve

Pneumatic Actuated Pneumatic Actuated Control Valve

Control Valve with Hand wheel
M

Electric Motor Actuated

Control Valve Three-Way Control Valve
 Examples of Use
LEVEL TRANSMITTER TRANSMITTED
ELECTRICALLY TO LEVEL INDICATOR.
BOTH DEVICES ARE FIELD MOUNTED.

LEVEL ELEMENT (GLASS)

ALARM HIGH AND LOW WARNING ON HARD-WIRE

MEASURED VARIABLES

SHARED DISPLAY / SHARED CONTROL

WITHOUT BACKUP. DEVICE LOCATED
IN THE CONTROL ROOM
INFORMATION ABOUT VALVE SIZE,
NORMAL/FAIL OPERATION SHALL BE
FIELD MOUNTED I/P CONVERTER
APPEARED

PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR,
GLOBE VALVE TYPE

BY-PASS VALVE SHALL HAVE THE SAME

SIZE WITH LINE SIZE
 Example of Use (2)

Should we use
OW-XXX-D-4"

Electric or
Pneumatic
Actuators ?

When do we have to use

Fail to Opened / Closed
valve type ?
 Control Valve’s Mounting

Which one of these mounting is right ? What is its advantages

compares to the other ? Is there another alternative ways ?
Examples of Use (3)

What is the purpose

of this double signal
from LIC and LAHH?
 Regulator Valve
The primary function is to match the flow of any liquid through the
regulator to the demand need upon the system, but at same time, the
pressure regulator must maintain the system pressure within certain
acceptable limits.
There is three main element :
• Restricting Element
• Loading Element
• Measurement Element

Regulators applications :
- Backpressure regulator What is the
differences?
- Pressure reducing regulator
- Pressure relief valves
- Vacuum regulator
- Vacuum breaker
 Examples of Use (4)
Backpressure regulation
application

Pressure reducing regulation

application
 P&ID’s Representation
SET AT *) Shall give information about
500 psig set pressure values, valve’s
sizes and ratings.

2” *) Pressure tapings directions

shall appropriate with the
process purposes.
300#

Types of Regulators

Pressure Reducing Backpressure Regulator with Spring-type

Regulator Regulator External Pressure Tap Actuators Regulator
 SDV and BDV
SDV used for system shutdown by forcing the fluid to
stop flowing through the valve.

BDV used for system blow down by permitting the fluid

flowing freely through the valve.
It can be emergency, process or unit shutdown
(automatic or manual).

• Type Of Valve
• Ball Valve type is commonly used
• Butterfly type is rarely used
 SDV and BDV Contd.
• Reset Type • Actuator
• Pneumatic
• Automatic
• Hydraulic
• Manual
• Electric
• Field
• Gas/Hydraulic powered
• Remote (not recommended)
• Combination

• Command Signal
There are three general element for shutdown system
• Sensor (PSHH, PSLL, LSH, LSL) Æ switching type
• Logic controller (PLC, RTU, or Pneumatic logic)
• Final Element (SDV or BDV)
Real SDV/BDV And Actuator

Ball Valve Pneumatic and hydraulic

Type scotch-yoke actuators
SDV/BDV C/W Actuator on Process
Line
Examples of Use (5)
Is this interlock or
PLC symbols ?
SDV/BDV ‘s Hook-Up
SDV/BDV ‘s Hook-Up Contd.
 SDV/BDV ‘s Hook-Up

*) Hook-up must give the same information according to the P&ID’s, with
additional accessories given in SDV/BDV’s device, such as pressure
gauge (3A & 3B), and quick exhaust valve (4A & 4B).
*) Limit Switches mounted to SDV/BDV are shown in 14B and 15B.
Switches connected directly to PLC at the Control Room.
*) Three-way valve can be pneumatically or electrically actuated.
 Examples of Use (6)
CLOSED OPEN

ZAL ZAH
601-1 601-1
s Where is the reset
symbols?
AI
ZSL ZLH Manual or automatic?
601-1 601-1
BDV
Where is the trip signal
601-1 from?
Valve size?
 Examples of Use (7)
from control
panel

Are this different drawing have the same

meaning of signal source?