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Prof. D Maity, IIT, Kharagpur - Earthquake Safety PDF
Prof. D Maity, IIT, Kharagpur - Earthquake Safety PDF
Prof. D Maity, IIT, Kharagpur - Earthquake Safety PDF
1
Friday, May 17, 2013
What is Earthquake?
An earthquake is a sudden violent motion of the earth,
which lasts for a short time, within a very limited region.
Most earthquakes last for less than a minute, but sometimes
shock may last, for as long as 3 to 4 minutes.
Earthquake- the vibration of the ground
Cause: Due to movement of rocks along a fault
– Rocks under stress accumulate strain energy over time.
– When stress exceeds strength of rocks, the rock breaks.
– Strain energy is released as seismic waves.
– The longer that energy is stored up and is maintained without
release, the more likely that a strong earthquake will occur.
– Continuing adjustment of position results in aftershocks
– Aftershock- tremors that occur as rocks adjust to their new
position
Square
(Best)
Rectangular
L
L
(b) I Type Plan with small Projection
(a) Rectangular Plan (L<3B) (L<3B, B’<B/3)
B’
B
B
L
(B’> B/3)
(c) Separation gap for U shape block (d) Separation gap for unsymmetrical block
19
Friday, May 17, 2013
Strategies for vulnerability reduction before
earthquakes