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Article Citation:
B. B. Boonstra and A. I. Medalia (1963) Effect of Carbon Black Dispersion on the Mechanical Properties of Rubber Vulcanizates.
Rubber Chemistry and Technology: March 1963, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 115-142.

https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3539530

Effect of Carbon Black Dispersion on the Mechanical Properties of Rubber Vulcanizates

B. B. Boonstra1, A. I. Medalia1
Current Issue
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Cabot Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Abstract

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A study has been made of the mechanics of mixing of carbon black in rubber by determining the influence of agglomerates in
Click here to get an email alert for every the mix on the final properties of the vulcanizate. It is suggested that the mixing starts with the forming of soft agglomerates
new issue of which contain polymer and black in about the proportion of the void ratio aa determined by oil absorption. In subsequent
stages these agglomerates are torn apart— to smaller and smaller sizes and finally dispersed. When the agglomerates that
are first formed in the mix are left intact as is the case in a very short mixing cycle, a noticeable deteriorating effect is found on
Rubber Chemistry and the mechanical properties relating to rupture (tensile, abrasion). On the other hand, viscosities and moduli for short mixing
Technology cycles can be higher by a factor of 2 or more than the final viscosity and modulus after all the black is apparently well
dispersed. This has been shown both experimentally and theoretically. Hard particles have also been added intentionally to
assess the effect of their size, frequency and chemical nature. It appears that hard particles in an amount of 10–20% of the
total black become very harmful at an average diameter of about 1 µ. At the 0.5 µ size, particles of medium thermal black are
almost without influence on service properties of the vulcanizate such as tensile and tear strength, abrasion resistance, etc.
Journal Information Above the critical size, the size of the particle has little influence on the reduction in mechanical properties. This reduction is
determined by the amount (by weight) of the coarse particles present. The effect of these hard particles on tensile and
ISSN: 0035-9475 abrasion is much greater than that of the soft agglomerates formed in short mixing cycles.
Frequency: Quarterly
Cited by
Jaesun Choi and Avraam I. Isayev. (2013) NATURAL RUBBER/CARBON BLACK NANOCOMPOSITES PREPARED BY
Register for a Profile ULTRASONICALLY AIDED EXTRUSION. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 86:4, 633-652.
Online publication date: 7-Jan-2014.
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6/7/2019 Effect of Carbon Black Dispersion on the Mechanical Properties of Rubber Vulcanizates | Rubber Chemistry and Technology
B. B. Boonstra
A. I. Medalia

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