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Chapter 5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Chapter 5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Question 2:
Question
Q
given
Express the give ccomplex
veen co umber in the form a ib :i9 i19
mplex nnumber
Solution 2:
i9 i19 i 4u21 i 4u43
i 4 2
i i 4 i3
4
1u i 1u i ª¬i 4 1,, i3 i º¼
i i
0
Question 3:
mber in the form a ib : i 39
Express the given complex num
number
mb
Solution 3:
i 39 i 4u93 i 4 9
i 3
1
9
i 3 ª¬i 4 1º¼
1 1
ª¬i3 i ¼º
i3 i
1 i
u
i i
ii i
i ª¬i 2 1º¼
i 2 1
Question 4:
Express the given complex number in the form a a ib :
3 7 i7 i 7 i7
Question 5:
Express the given co m lex number in the form a ib : 1 i 1 i6 .
complex
o mp
Soluti
t on
ti on 5:
Solution 5:
1 i 1 i6 1 i 1 6i
2 7i
Question 6:
§1 2· § 5·
Express the given ccomplex mber in the form a ib : ¨ i ¸ ¨ 4 i ¸
o mplex num
number
©5 5¹ © 2¹
Solution 6:
§1 2· § 5·
¨ i ¸ ¨4i ¸
©5 5¹ © 2¹
1 2 5
i 4 i
5 5 2
§ 1 · § 2 5·
¨ 4¸ i ¨ ¸
©5 ¹ ©5 2¹
19
19 § 21 ·
i¨ ¸
5 © 10 ¹
19 21
i
5 10
Question
Q uestion 7:
ª§ 1 7· § 1 ·º § 4 ·
Express
Expr ess the given complex number in the fo
res r a ib
form ib : «¨ i ¸ ¨ 4 i ¸» ¨ i ¸
¬© 3 3¹ © 3 ¹¼ © 3 ¹
Solution 7:
ª§ 1 7 · § 1 ·º § 4 ·
«¨ 3 i 3 ¸ ¨ 4 i 3 ¸» ¨ 3 i ¸
¬© ¹ © ¹¼ © ¹
1 7 1 4
i 4 i i
3 3 3 3
§1 4· §7 1 ·
¨ 4 ¸ i ¨ 1¸
©3 3¹ © 3 3 ¹
Question 8:
tthee form a ib : 1 i
4
number
Express the given complex nu
umb er iin
mber
er n th
Solution 8:
2
1 i ª1 i 2 º
4
¬ ¼
2
ª¬12 i 2 2i º¼
>1 1 2i @2
2i
2
2i u 2i
4i 2 4 ª¬i 2 1º¼
Question 9:
3
§1 ·
Express the given compl
lex
le
e number iin
complex n the form a ib : ¨ 3i ¸
©3 ¹
Solution 9:
3 3
§1 · §1· §1· §1 ·
3ii ¸ ¨ ¸ 3i 3 ¨ ¸ 3i ¨ 3i ¸
3
¨ 3
©3 ¹ © 3¹ © 3¹ ©3 ¹
1 §1 ·
27i3 3i ¨ 3i ¸
27 ©3 ¹
1
27 i i 9i 2 ª¬i3 i º¼
27
1
27i i 9 ª¬i 2 1º¼
27
§ 1 ·
¨ 9 ¸ i 27 1
©2277 ¹
242
2
266i
27
Question 10:
3
§ 1 ·
Express the given complex number in the form a ib : ¨ 2 i ¸
© 3 ¹
Solution 10:
Question 11:
Find the multiplicative
multiplicatt ivee in he complex number 4 3
nverse off tthe
inverse 3ii .
Solution 11:
Let z 4 3i
Then,
42 3
2
z 4 3i and z 1 9 25
16
Therefore, the multiplicative in r e of 4 3i is given by
inverse
nve
v rs
z 4 3i 4 3
z 1 2
i
z 25 25 25
Question 12:
Find
F
Find the multiplicative inverse of the com
complex
o mplex numbe
number
bbeer 5 3i
Solu
Solution
uti
tion 12:
Let z 5 3i
5
2 2
Then, z 5 3i and z 32 5 9 14
Therefore, the multipl
multiplicative
plic
icat
icat i e inverse of
ativ
at 5 3i
z 5 3i 5 3i
z 1 2
z 14 14 14
Question 13:
Solution 13:
Let z i
2
Then, z i and z 12 1
Therefore, the multipl
multiplicative
plic
icat
att iv
ve in
in
inverse of i is given by
z i
z 1 2
i
z 1
Qu
Question
uestion 14:
14:
Express
E
Exxpress the fo
ffollowing
foll xpression in the form of a ib .
o llowing expression
ex
3 i 5 3 i 5
3 2i 3 i 2
Solution 14:
3 i 5 3 i 5
3 2i 3 i 2
3 i 5
2 2
ª¬ a b a b a 2 b2 º¼
3 2i 3 2i
2i
9 5i 2
2 2i
9 5 1
¬ªi 1¼º
2
2 22ii
95 i
u
2 2i i
14i
2 2i 2
14i
2 2 1
7i 2
u
2 2
7 2i
2
Solution 1:
z 1 i 3
Let r cosT 1 an nd r sin T 3
and
On squaring
squarin
ng and
an
nd adding,
ad
dding
n , we obtain
2
r cosT r sin T 1
2 2 2
3
r 2 cos2 T sin 2 T 1 3
r2 4 cos2 T sin
ª¬cos i 2 T 1º¼
r 4 2 >Con
nventionally, r ! 0@
Conventionally,
? Modulus = 2
? 2cosT 1 an
nd 2
and sin T
2sin 3
1 3
cosT in T
and ssin
2 2
Since both the values ooff sin T annd cosT negative and si
and inT and co
sin osT are negative in III
cos
quadrant,
§ S · 2S
Argument ¨ S ¸
© 3¹ 3
2S
arrgument of the complex numberr
Thus, the modulus and argument 11 3i are 2 and
3
respectively.
Question 2:
Find the modulus and the argumentt of
o the complex num
number
mbe
ber z 3 i
Solution 2:
z 3 i
osT 3 and r sin T 1
Let r ccos
Let
On squaring
squ
quar
aarring and adding, we obtain
3
2
r 2 cos2 T r 2 sin
sin 2 T 12
r2 3 1 4 »cos T sin
i 2 T 1¼º
2
r 4 2 >CConventionally,
onventionally, r ! 0@
? Modulus = 2
? 2cosT 3 and 2sin T 1
3 1
cosT and sin T
2 2
S 5S
?T S [As T lies in the II quadrant]
6 6
5S
Thus, the modulus an argumen
argument
nt ooff tthe complex
he com
he plex ber 3 i ar
number
l numb are 2 and respectively.
6
Question 3:
Convert
Conver
errt th
tthe o mplex number in polar form: 1 i
he given co
complex
Solution
So
olu
lu
lution 3:
1 i
Let r cosT 1 an d r sin T 1
aand
On squaring and
d adding, wee obtain
r 2 cos2 T r 2 sin 2 T 12 1
2
r 2 cos2 T sin 2 T 1 1
r2 2
r 2 >Conventionally,
Conven onally, r ! 0@
ntio
in T 1
? 2 cosT 1 and 2 ssin
1 1
cosT and sin T
2 2
S
?T >As T liesin the IVquadrant @
4
§ S· § S· ª § S· § S ·º
? 1 i r cosT i r sin
i T cos ¨ ¸ i 2 sin
2 cos i ¨ ¸ 2 «cos ¨ ¸ i sin
i ¨ ¸»
© 4¹ © 4¹ ¬ © 4¹ © 4 ¹¼
This is the required polar form.
Question 4:
Convert
C
Co nvert the given complex number in poo form: 1 i
ppolar
olar
Solution
Solu
uti
t on 4:
1 i
Let r cosT 1 and r sin T 1
On squaringg and
an
nd adding,
aaddding, we obtain
1
2
r 2 cos2 T r 2 sin 2 T 12
r 2 cos2 T sin
s n2 T 11
r2 2
r 2 [Conventionally, r > 0]
? 2 cosT 1 and 2 sin T 1
Ques
Question
essti
tion 5:
5:
Convert
Con
Co
onvert
nv the gi ggiven plleex number in polar form: 1 i
v n comp
ve complex
Solution 5:
1 i
Let r cosT 1 annd r sin T 1
aand
On squaring and adding,
ad
ddi
d ng, we ob
obtain
btain
1 1
2 2
r 2 cos2 T r 2 sin
i 2T
r 2 cos2 T sin
s n2 T 11
r2 2
r 2 nal y, r ! 0 ]
[Conventionally,
[Convention
nall
na
? 2 cosT 1 and 2 si in T 1
sin
1 1
cosT and sin T
2 2
§ S· 3S
?T ¨ S ¸ [As T lies in the
th
he III
III quadrant]
© 4¹ 4
3S
3
3S
? 1
1 i r cos T i r sin
i T 2 cos
cco
os i 2 sin
i
4 4
§ 3S
3
3S ·
2 ¨ cos i sin
i ¸
© 4 4 ¹
This
T
This is the required polar form.
Questi
Question
tiion 6:
Convert th
the
he gi ven complex number in polar form: 3
ggiven
Solution 6:
3
Let r cosT 3 and r sin T 0
On squaring and adding, we obtain
3
2
r 2 cos2 T r 2 sin 2 T
r 2 cos2 T sin 2 T 9
r2 9
r 9 3 [Conventionally, r > 0]
? 3cosT 3 and 3sin T 0
cosT 1 and sin 0
?T S
3 r cosT i r ssin
? 3 in T 3cos
in cos S i 3sin S 3 cos S i sin S
This is the required
requi
uired
reed ppolar
olar form.
Question
Q
Qu estion 7:
Convert
Convert the gi
given
ive
v n comp
complex
pleex number in polar form: 3 i
Solution 7:
3 i
Let r cosT nd r sin T 1
3 an
and
On squaring and add
adding,
diinng, we obtain
ob
btaain
3
2
r 2 cos2 T r 2 sin
i 2T 12
r 2 cos2 T sin
in 2 T 3 1
r2 4
r 4 2 >Conventionally,
ntionally, r ! 0@
Conventio
Conven
? 2cosT 3 and 2sin T 1
3 1
cosT and sin T
2 2
S
?T [As T llies
ies in the I quadrant
quadrant]
ntt]
6
S S § S S·
? 3 i r cosT i r sin
i T
sin 2cos i 2sin
2 sin
i cos i sin
2 ¨ cos i ¸
6 6 © 6 6¹
This
Th
T his is the required polar form.
Questiion
Question
on 8:
the
Convert th ggiven
he gi ven complex number in polar form: i
Solution 8:
i
Let r cosT 0 and r sin T 1
On squaring and adding, we obtain
r 2 cos2 T r 2 sin2 T 02 12
r 2 cos2 T sin 2 T 1
r2 1
r 1 1 >Conventionally, r ! 0@
? cosT 0 and sin T 1
S
?T
2
S S
?i r cosT i r si
in T
sin cos i sin
i
2 2
This is the re
requ
required
quir
i ed
d polar
pol
o ar form.
Exercise 5.3
Question 1:
n x2 3 0
Solve the equation
Solution 1:
quaation is x2 3 0
The given quadraticc eq
equation
On comparing the given n eequation
q ation w
qu t ax2 bx c 0,
with
ith
We obtain a 1 1, b 00, and
and c 3
Therefore, the discriminant
discriminan nt of
o the giv
given
veenn equ
equation
quat
qu ation
at
atio
iio
on is
is
D b 4ac 0 4 u1u 3 12
2 2
Question 2:
So
S olve the equation 2x2 x 1 0
Solve
Soluti
Solution
tion
ti o 2:
The give
given
en qu adratic equation is 2x2 x 1 0
qquadratic
On comparing h given equation with ax2 bxx c 0 ,
ngg tthe
he
We obtain a 2, 2 b 1 and c 1
Therefore, the discriminant
discriminan
an
nt of
of the given equation is
D b 4ac 1 4 u 2 u1 1 8 7
2 2
Solution 3:
The ggiven qquadratic equation
q is x2 3x 9 0
On comparing the given equ equation io with ax2 bx c 0 ,
quaatttiio
qu ion
We obtain a 1 1, b 3, 3, and
nd
n c 9
Therefore, the ddiscriminant
iscrrim
is iminant of the given equation is
D b 4ac 3 4 u1u 9 9 36 27
2 2
2
Therefore,
Ther
reffor
ore, the requi
required
ire
redd solutions are
b r D 3 r 27
3 3 r 3 3 3 r 3 3i ª 1 i º
2a 2 1 2 2 ¬ ¼
Question 4:
n x2 x 2 0
Solve the equation
Solution 4:
The given quadratic equation
eq
eq iss x2 x 2 0
On comparing the give
given
en eequation
en quation w ith ax2 bx c 0 ,
with
We obtain a 1 1, b 1 nd c 2
1,, aand
Therefore, the discriminant
discriminaanant of the ggiven
ivven equation is
D b2 4ac 12 4 u 1 u 2 1 8 7
Therefore, the required solu
solutions
uti
t on
o s are
b r D 1 1 r 7 1 r 7i ª 1 i º
2a 2 1 2 ¬ ¼
Question 5:
Solve the equation x2 3x 5 0
Solution 5:
Thee given quadratic equation is x2 3x 5 0
T
Th
omparing the given equation with axx2 bx c 0 ,
On comparing
com
an a 1
We oobtain
btai
bt 1, b 3 3, and c 5
Therefore,
Therefor re, tthe
h discriminant of the given equation is
he
D b 4ac 32 4 u1u 5 9 20 11
2
Question 6:
Solve the equation x2 x 2 0
Solution 6:
The given quadratic equation is x2 x 2 0
On comparing the given equation with ax2 bx c 0 ,
We obtain a 1, b 1, an and
and c 2
Therefore, the discriminan
discriminant
antt ooff tthe
he given equation is
he
1
2
D b2 4a
ac 4 u1u 2 1 8 7
Therefore, tthe
h rrequired
he e uiire
eq red solutions are
red
b
b r D 1 r 7 1 r 7i ª 1 i º
2a 2 u1 2 ¬ ¼
Question 7:
Question
Q
Solve the equation
equati
tiion
o 2 x2 x 2 0
Solution 7:
quation iiss 2x2 x 2 0
The given quadraticc eequation
On comparing the ggiven
iv
iven
ve equatio ionn with ax2 bx c 0 ,
equation
io
We obtain a 2, b 1
2 1,, and c 2
Therefore, the discriminant
discriminnan nt of the ggiven
iven equation is
iv
D b 4ac 1 4 u 2 u 2 1 8 7
2 2
Question 8:
Solve the equation 3x2 2x 3 3 0
Solution 8:
The given quadratic equation is 3x2 2x 3 3 0
Onn comparing the given equation with a
O axx2 bx c 0 ,
We oobtain
b ain a
bt 3, b 2,
3 2 and c 3 3
Therefore,
Therreffoorre,
e the discriminant of the given equation is
2 3 3 3
2
D b2 4ac 4 2 36 34
Therefore, the requi
required
uiireed solutions are
b
b r D
2 r 34
4 2 r 34
34 i ª 1 i º
2a 2u 3 2 3 ¬ ¼
Question 9:
Solution 9:
1
equatiion iiss x2 x
The given quadratic equation 0
2
This equation ca
canan al so be written as 2x2 2x 1 0
aalso
als
lso
On comparing
comparir ng
n th
tthee gi v n equation with ax2 bx c 0 , we obtain a
given
ive 2, b
2 2, and c 1
2
2 2 u1
2
? Disc m nant D b2 4ac
Discriminant
sccri
rimi 4u 24 2
Therefore,
Th
her
erefore, tthe
he required ssolutions
o lutions are
b r D 2 r 24 2
2 r 2 1 2 2
2a 2u 2 2 2
¨
§ 2 r 2 2 2 1 i ·
¸ ª 1 i º
¨ ¸ ¬ ¼
¨ 2 2 ¸
© ¹
1 r 2 2 1 i
2
Question 10:
x
Solve the equation x2 1 0
2
Solution 10:
x
The given quadratic equation is x2 1
1 0
2
This equation can also be written as 2x2 x 2 0
On comparing the given equation with axx2 bx c 0 ,
h a
W obtain a
We 2, b 1,
2 1 and c 2
?Discriminant D
Discriminant b2 4ac 12 4 u 2 u 2 1 8 7
Therefore,
Ther
reffoorre,
e the required solutions are
b
b r D 1 r 7 1 r 7 i ª 1 i º
2a 2 2 2 2 ¬ ¼
Evaluate: «i18 ¨ ¸ »
«¬ © i ¹ »¼
Solution 1:
3
ª 18 § 1 ·25 º
«i ¨ ¸ »
«¬ © i ¹ ¼»
3
ª 4u42 1 º
«¬i 4u61 »
i ¼
3
ª º
« i 4 i 2 1 »
4
«
¬ i i ¼»
4 6
3
ª 2 1º
«¬i i ¼» ¬ªi 1¼º
4
3
ª 1 iº
«¬1
1 u » ª¬i 2 1¼º
i i¼
3
ª iº
«¬ 1 i 2 »¼
>1 i@3
1 >1 i@
3 3
ª¬13 i3 3 1 i 1 i º¼
ª¬1 i3 3i 3i 2 º¼
>1 i 3i 3@
> 2 2i @
2 2i
Qu
Question
ues
estion 2:
For any
an
ny two complex numbers z1 and z 2 , prov
prove
ovve th
tthat
at
Re z1z2 R
Ree z1 Re z2 Im z1 Im z2
Solution 2:
Let z1 x1 iy1 and z2 x2 iy
iy2
? z1z2 x1 iy1 x2 iy2
x1 x2 iy2 iy1 x2 iy2
x1x2 ix1 y2 iy1x2 i 2 y1 y2
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5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 5
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Question 3:
§ 1 2 ··§§ 3 4
4ii ·
Re
eduuce
ce ¨
Reduce ¸¸¨¨ ¸ to the standard form
© 1 4
4ii 1 i ¹©© 5 i ¹
Solution 3:
§ 1 2 ·§§ 3 4i 4i · ª 1 i 2 1 4i º ª 3 4
4ii º
¨ ¸¨ ¸ « »«
© 1 4i 1 i ¹© 5 i ¹ ¬ 1 4i 1 i ¼ ¬ 5 i ¼»
ª 1 i 2 8i º ª 3 4i º ª 1 9i º ª 3 4i º
«¬1 i 4i 4i 2 ¼» «¬ 5 i ¼» «¬ 5 3i ¼» «¬ 5 i ¼»
ª 3 4i 27 36i 2 º
7i 36 33 31
31i 33 31i
« 25 5i 15i 3i 2 » 28 10i 2 14 5i
¬ ¼
33 31i u 14 5i [On
[[O
On multiplying numerator
nu r and denominator by
2 14 5i 14 5i
14 5i ]
462 165i 434i 155i 2 307 599i
307
2 ª14 5i º
2 2
2 196 25i 2
¬ ¼
307 599i 307 599i 307 7 599
599i
2 221 442 442 442442
This is the required standard form.
Qu
Question
Qu 4:
a ib a 2 b2
prove that x2 y 2
2
If x iiyy
c id c2 d 2
Solution 4:
a ib
x iy
c id
a ib c id
u [On multiplying numerator and denominator by c id ]
c id c id
ac bd i ad bc
c2 d 2
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5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 5
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
? x iy
2 ac bd i ad bc
c2 d 2
x2 y 2 2ixy
ac bd i ad bc
c2 d 2
On comparing real and imag imaginary
a inar
aryy pa
pparts,
rrtttss,
s, w
wee ob
oobtain
tain
n
ac bd ad
a d bbcc
x2 y 2 , 2 xyy ...... 1
c d
2 2
c d2
2
x y2 x y 2 4 x2 y 2
2 2 2 2
2
§ acc bd
bd · § adad b
bcc ·
¨ 2 2 ¸
¨ 2 2 ¸
[Using (1)]
© c d ¹ © c d ¹
a2c2 b2 d 2 2acbd a 2d 2 b2c 2 2adbc
c d2
2 2
a 2 c 2 b2 d 2 a 2 d 2 b2 c 2
c d2
2 2
a 2 c 2 d 2 b2 c 2 d 2
c d 2 2 2
c d a b
2 2 2 2
c d
2 2 2
a 2 b2
c2 d 2
Hence, proved.
Question 5:
Convert the following in the polar fform:
orm:
or
1 7i 1 3i
(i) , (ii)
2 i 1 2i
2
Solution
So
olu
l tion 5:
1 7
7ii
(i) He
Here
Here,
ree, z
2 i
2
1 7i 1 7i 1 7i
2 i 4 i 2 4i 4 1 4i
2
1 7i 3 4i 3 4i 21
2 i 28
28i 2
u
3 4i 3 4i 32 42
3 4i 21i 28 25 25i
32 42 25
1 i
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5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 5
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Let r cosT 1 and r sin T 1
On squaring and adding, we obtain r 2 cos2 T sin 2 T 1
r 2 cos2 T sin 2 T 2
r2 2 os2 T si
ª¬ccos n 2 T 1º¼
sin
r 2 [Conventionally, r ! 0 ]
? 2 cosT and 2 sin T 1
1 and
1 1
cosT siin T
and sin
2 2
S 3S
?T S [As T lies in II quadrant]
4 4
? z r cosT i r sin T
3S 3S § 3S 3S ·
2 cos i 2 sin
si 2 ¨ cos i sin
iin ¸
4 4 © 4 4 ¹
This is the required ed polar for
ed form.
rm.
1 3i
(ii) Here, z
1 2i
1 3i 1 2i
u
1 2i 1 2i
1 2i 3i 6
1 4
5
5 5i
1 i
5
Let r cosT 1 and r sin T
b ain r 2 cos2 T sin 2 T
1 on squaring and adding, wee oobtain
bt
1 1
r 2 cos2 T sin 2 T 2
r2 2 ª¬cos2 T ssi
in 2 T 1º¼
sin
r 2 >Conve
entionally, r ! 0@
Conventionally,
? 2 cosT 1 and 2 sin T 1
1 1
osT
co
cos and sin T
2 2
S 3S
?T S [As T lies in II quadrant]
4 4
? z r cosT i r sinT
sin
3S 3S § 3S 3S ·
2 cos i 2 sin
i 2 ¨ cos i sin
sin ¸
4 4 © 4 4 ¹
This is the required polar form.
Question 6:
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5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 5
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
20
Solve the equation 3x2 4 x 0
3
Solution 6:
20
equatiion iss 3x2 4 x
The given quadratic equation 0
3
This equation can al so bbee written as 9x2 12x 20 0
also
lso
On comparing g tthis
hii equation
his equation
eq
q 9 b 12 an
with ax2 bxx c 0 , we obtain a 9, n c 20
aand
nd
Therefore,
Thereforre,
e tthe
h discr
he discriminant
rim
minant of the given equation is
D b 4acc 1 12 4 u 9 u 20 144 720 576
2 2
Therefore,
Th
herefore,
er th
the
he rrequired
equired ssolutions
o lutions are
b r D 12 r 5
b 76 12 r 576 i
576
ª 1 i º
2a 2u9 18 ¬ ¼
24ii 6 2 r 4i 2 r 4i 2 4
12 r 24
r i
18 188 3 3 3
Question 7:
3
Solve the equation x2 2 x 0
2
Solution 7:
3
on iiss x2 2 x
The given quadratic equatio
on
equation 0
2
This equation can also be writ t n as 2x2 4x 3 0
written
ittte
On comparing this equation wit
with 2, b 4 and c 3
ith ax2 bx c 0 , we obtain a 2
Therefore, the discriminant of the
th
he given equation is
4
2
D b2 4ac 4 u 2 u 3 16
16 24 8
Therefore, the required solutions aree
b r D 4 r 8
b 4r2 2i ª 1 i º
2a 2u 2 4 ¬ ¼
2 r 2i 2
1r i
2 2
Question 8:
Solve the equation 27 x2 10x 1 0
27
Solution 8:
The given quadratic equation is 27 x2 10x 1 0
On comparing this equation with ax2 bx c 0 , we obtain a 27, b 10 and c 1
Therefore, the discriminant of the given equation is
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5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 5
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
10
2
D b2 4ac 4 u 27 u1 100 108 8
Therefore, the required solutions are
b r D 10 r 8 10 r 2 2 i ª 1 i º
2a 2 u 27 54 ¬ ¼
5 r 2i 5 2
r i
27 27 27 7
Question n 9:
Solvee th
tthe
he equation
eq
eq 1x2 28x 10 0
21
2
Solution
S
Soolution 9:
The given quad
quadratic
adratic equa
ad o is 21x2 28
equation
atiion 2 x 10 0
On comparing tthis
his equation
hi 2
1, b 28
n with ax bx c 0 , we obtain a 21
21,
2 2 annd c 10
and
Therefore, the dis
discriminant
scr
c iminant of
of the given equation is
28
2
D b2 4ac 4 u 21u10 784 840 56
Therefore, the requi
required
ire
re solution
red solutions
ns are
b r D 28 r 56 2
b 8 r 56 i
28 ª 1 i º
2a 2 u 21 42
42 ¬ ¼
288 r 2 14 i 28
8 2 14 14 2 14
14
r i r i
42 42 2
42 3 21 21
Question 10:
z1 z2 1
If z1 2 i, z2 1 i, find
z1 z2 1
Solution 10:
z1 2 i, z2 1 i
?
z1 z2 1 2 i 1 i 1
z1 z2 1 2 i 1 i 1
4 4
2 2i 2 1 i
2 1 i 2 1 i
u
1 i 1 i 1 i
2 2
2 1 i
ª¬i 2 1º¼
11
2 1 i
2
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5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 5
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
1 i 12 12 2
z1 z2 1
Thus, the value of is 2.
z1 z2 1
Question 11:
x i x 1
2 2 2
If a ib , ppro e that a 2 b2
prove
rov
2 x2 1 2x 1
2 2
Solution
So
olu
lution 11:
1::
x i
2
a ib
2 x2 1
x2 i 2 2xi
2 x2 1
x2 1 i 2 x
2 x2 1
x2 1 § 2 2xx ·
i¨ 2 ¸
2x 1 © 2x 1 ¹
2
© 2x 1 ¹ © 2x 1 ¹
x4 1
1 2 x2 4 x2
2 x 1
2
x4 1 2 x2
2x 1 2 2
x 1
2 2
2 x 1
2 2
x 1
2 2
?a b2 2
2x 1
2 2
Hence, proved.
Question 12:
§zz · § 1 ·
Let z1 2 i, z2 2 i . Find (i) Re ¨ 1 2 ¸ , (ii) Im ¨ ¸
© z1 ¹ © z1 z1 ¹
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5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 5
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Solution 12:
z1 2 i, z2 2 i
(i) z1z2 2 i 2 i 4 2i 2i i 2 4 4i 1 3 4i
z1 2i
zz 3 4i
? 1 2
z1 2i
merator and denominator by 2 i , we obtain
On multiplying numerator
num
z1 z2 3 4i 2 i 66 3i 8i 4i 2 6 11i 4 1
6
z1 2 i 2 i 22 12 22 12
2 11i 2 11
i
5 5 5
On
O n comparingg real real parts,s, w
wee obtain
§ z z · 2
Re ¨ 1 2 ¸
© z1 ¹ 5
1 1 1 1
(ii)
z1 z1 2 i 2 i 2 1 5
2 2
On comparing imagin
imaginary
innary parts,, w
wee obtain
§ 1 ·
Im ¨ ¸ 0
© z1 z1 ¹
Question 13:
1 2i
Find the modulus and argument
argum n of the complex number
men
ent
1 3i
Solution 13:
1 3i
Let z , then
1 3i
1 2i 1 3i 1 3i 2i 6i 2 1 5i 6 1
z u
1 3i 1 3i 12 32 1 9
55 5i 5 5i 1 1
i
10 10 10 2 2
Lett z r cosT ir sin T
L
Le
1 1
os T
cos
i.e., r co and r sin T
2 2
On squaringg andan
nd adding,
a ding, we obtain
ad
2 2
§ 1 · § 1 ·
r cos T sin T
2 2 2
¨ ¸ ¨ ¸
© 2 ¹ © 2¹
1 1 1
r2
4 4 2
1
r >Conventionally, r ! 0@
2
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5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 5
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
1 1 1 1
? cosT and sin T
2 2 2 2
1 1
cosT andsin T
2 2
S 3S
?T S As T lies
[A
[As lies
lie in
in the
t e II quad
th quadrant]
dran
ntt]]
4 4
1 3S
modulus
Therefore, the mood
dulus
d aare
and argument of the given complex number arre
re and
2 4
respectively.
respective
ely
ly.
Question
Qu uestion 14:
144:
Find
F ind the real nnumbers nd y if x iy 3 5i is the conjugate of 6
u bers x aand
um 6 224i
4i .
Solution 14:
Let z x iy 3 5i
z 3x 5xi 3yi 5 yi 2 3x 5xi 3yi 5 y 3x 5y i 5x 3y
?z 3x 5 y i 5x 3 y
It is given that, z 6 24
24 i
? 3x 5 y i 5x 3 y 6 24i
Equating real and imaginary
imaginar ary parts, wee obta
ar obtain
ain
in
3x 5 y 6 ........ i
........ ii
5x 3 y 24 .......
Multiplying equation (i) by 3 an
and
nd equation (ii) by 5 and thenn ad
adding
dding them, we obtain
9 x 15 y 18
25x 15 y 120
34 x 102
102
?x 3
34
Putting
Pu
P utting the value of x in equation (i), wee obtain
33 5 y 6
5 y 6 9 15
y 3
Thus, the values
vaalu
lues of x and y are 3 and 3 respectively.
es of
Question 15:
1 i 1 i
Find the modulus of .
1 i 1 i
Solution 15:
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5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 5
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
1 i 1 i
2 2
1 i 1 i
1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i
1 i 2 2i 1 i 2 2i
12 12
4i
2i
2
1 i 1 i
? 2i 22 2
1 i 1 i
Question
Qu
uestion 16:
166:
4 x2 y 2
u v
IIff x iy
3
u iv, then
en sshow
how that:
x y
Solution 16:
x iy
3
u iv
x3 iy 3 x iy x iy u iv
3
4 x2 4 y 2
4 x2 y 2
4 x2 y 2
u v
?
x y
Hence, proved.
pro
rove
ved.
ve d
Question 17:
E D
If D and E are different complex numbers with E 1, then find
1 DE
Solution 17:
Let D a ib and E x iy
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5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 5
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
It is given that, E 1
? x2 y 2 1
x2 y2 1 .......i
E D x iy a ib
1D 1 a ib
x iy
x a i y b
1 axx a ibxx by
iy ib
aiy
x a i y b
1 ax by i bx ay
x a i y b ª z1 z1 º
« »
1 ax by i bx ay ¬ z2 z2 ¼
x a y b
2 2
1 ax by bx ay
2 2
x2 a2 2a
ax y 2 b2 2by
1 a2 x2 b2 y 2 2a
axx 2abxy
a xy 2byy b2 x 2 a 2 y 2 2abx
abxy
xy
x y a b 2ax 2bbyy
2 2 2 2
1 a x y b y x 2ax 2b
2 2 2 2
byy2 2
1 a2 b2 2ax 2by
U i g 1º¼
ª¬ Using
1 a2 b2 2ax 2by
E D
? 1
E
1 DE
Question 18:
quation 1 i
x
Find
F
Find the number of non-zero integral so
solutions
o lluutions of thee eequation 2x
Solution
Soluti
tiion
o 18:
1 i
x
2x
1 1
x
2
2
2x
2
x
2x
2x / 2 2x
x
x
2
x 2x
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5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 5
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
2x x 0
x 0
Thus, 0 is the only integral solution of the given equation. Therefore, the number of nonzero
integral solutions of the given equation is 0.
Question 19:
If a ib c id
e if g ih A iB, , then show that:
a 2
b2
c2 d 2 e2 f 2 g 2 h2 A2 B2 .
Solu
lu
lut
ution 19:
Solution 199:
a ib c id
e if
g ih A iB
? a ib c id e if
g ih A iB
a ib u c iid u e iiff u g ih A iB ª¬ z1z2 z1 z2 º¼
a 2 b 2 u c 2 d 2 u e2 f 2 u g 2 h 2 A2 B2
On squaring both sides,
sid
des, we obtain
obtaai
ai
ain
a b c d e f g h2 A2 B2 . Hence prove
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
proved.
ed.
ed
Question 20:
§ 1 i ·
m
Solution 20:
§ 1 i ·
m
¨ ¸ 1
© 1 i ¹
§ 1 i 1 i ·
m
¨ u ¸ 1
© 1 i 1 i ¹
m
§ 1 i 2 ·
¨ 2 2 ¸ 1
¨ 1 1 ¸
© ¹
m
§ 12 i 2 2i ·
¨ ¸ 1
© 2 ¹
§ 1 1 2i
m
2i ·
¨ ¸ 1
© 2 ¹
m
§ 2i
2i ·
¨ ¸ 1
©2¹
im 1
im i 4k
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5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 5
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
? m 4k , where k is some integer.
Therefore, the least positive integer is 1.
Thus, the least positive integral value of m is 4 4 u1 .
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5. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations