Review Questions

1. What are the four body types in William H. Sheldon’s somatotyping?

Describe each body type and identify which one Sheldon believed was
related to delinquency and crime.
The body varieties in WIlliam H. Sheldon's somatotyping are: endomorphs,

mesomorphs, ectomorphs, and balanced bodies. Endomorphs area

unit people World Health Organization have an outsized abdomen and area

unit overweight. Mesomorphs area unit people World Health Organization area

unit musculated and athletic. Ectomorphs area unit people World Health

Organization area unit skinny and frail. Balanced people don't seem to

be overweight, too muscular, or too skinny. Sheldon believed that mesomorphs

were possibly to be delinquents.

2. What personality types did Hans J. Eysenck believe were

related to crime? Describe each personality type and discuss
why Eysenck believed that these types were associated with
crime.
According to Hans Jurgen Eysenck, those who area unit extroverts, psychotics,

or neurotics wherever most associated with crime. AN person

with AN extrovert temperament is outgoing, sociable, dominant, and have high

levels of energy. someone with a

psychotic temperament is delinquent and contains a lack of fellow

feeling. someone with a neurotic temperament is moody, shy, and

irrational. Hans Jurgen Eysenck believed that these varieties

of temperament area unit most related to crime as a result of people World

Health Organization had them were tougher to coach and socialize, and that

they responded additional quickly to stimuli. He thought that the

consequences of those traits created it tougher for people to develop a full

conscience which the individual would be additional possible to retain childlike

behaviors.
3. How does self-control theory explain crime?
Scholars have planned that people with low self-control area

unit impulsive which they request the immediate fulfillment of their desires and

urges. Harold G. Grasmick, for instance, recommended that individuals with low

self-control area unit drawn to risk-taking behaviors that area unit exciting and

dangerous. So, those who have low self-control area unit additional possible to

commit crimes as a result of they have to meet their urges.

4. How does the psychoanalytic theory from Freud explain crime?

From the attitude of Freud's theories on temperament, crime is viewed

as someone either not adapting well or having some deficiency in his or

her temperament. in keeping with Freud's theory, one reason why

crime could occur is that if the superego isn't developed absolutely. during

this case, the person would be additional possible to act on their urges

and needs while not considering the implications and also the morality of the

action. Also, in keeping with the psychotherapy theory, we have a tendency

to area unit all potential criminals, however the id keeps North American

country from engaged on urges.

 5. What is the M’Naughten Rule? How did this rule come into
existence?
The case of Daniel M'Naughten was one of the first instances when the "not

guilty due to insanity" defense was used in Western culture. The defendant was

on trial in 1843 for killing the prime minister's secretary. His defense argued that

M'Naughten was suffering from delusions that he was being persecuted by the

political party. The judge's ruling led to what is known as the M'Naughten Rule,

which says that a person can't be held responsible for a crime if they didn't

know what they were doing at the time of the crime and didn't know what they

were doing was wrong.

Critical Thinking Questions

1. Which theory discussed in the lesson do you think best explains
why crime happens? Why do you think that this theory is best?
The theory that I find best explains why crimes occur is psychoanalytic. The wa

y in which your mind is so complexly confusing with emotions is so confusing bu

t you untangle them somehow.

2. Do you think that individuals accused of crimes should be able

to use an insanity defense? Why or why not?
This depends on whether they're actually mad. If someone is actually mad, then

they have every right, because they may not have known what they were doing

at the moment. If they just think, then that's a matter and they shouldn't be allo

wed to use it.

3. Do you think that weather affects crime? Why or why not?

Explain some of the ways that scholars think weather and/or
the time of day may affect criminal behavior?
Climate certainly has an impact on crime. Bad weather is a poor time to commit

a crime, because most people may be in their homes or a lot of things might go

wrong. Daytime is also critical because you may not be seen at night, but there

may be people in a house that you want to rob, but you have more chance of

being seen during the day.

4. Modeling theory suggests that we learn aggressive and violent
behavior. Do you think that violence in the media (including
movies, television, and video games) has any effect on criminal
behavior? Why or why not? Do you think that anything should
be done to censor violence in the media?
I assume that media abuse has a role to play in the way a suspect thinks. You c

an grow up and be a violent person as a kid when you watch all this violence st

uff.

5. Eysenck argues that certain personality types are more likely to

engage in criminal behavior. Do you think that our personalities
contribute to whether we commit crimes or not? Why or why
not?
I think our people have a lot to do with whether or not you can commit crimes.
You may be able to kill someone if you have a violent personality. If you have a
personality that is greedy or jealous, you may steal.