Professional Documents
Culture Documents
185 Hwex2 PDF
185 Hwex2 PDF
∂
and similarly for .
∂n
1
Then the Cauchy-Riemann equations become
∂u ∂v ∂u ∂v
= , =− .
∂s ∂n ∂n ∂s
5. From Churchill & Brown, Complex Variables and Applications, 5th edn.,
• §2.10. 2, 4, 10
• §2.14. 5, 13
• §2.16. 7
• §2.19. 1, 2.a,b,c, 5, 6
• §2.21. 2, 6, 7, 8.a,b,d, 12, 13, 14, 16
In detail:
1 §2.10.
2. Write the function f (z) = z 3 + z + 1 in the form f (z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y).
(a) w = z 2 ;
(b) w = z 3 ;
(c) w = z 4 .
10. Another interpretation of a function w = f (z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y) is that
of a vector field in the domain of definition of f . The function assigns a
vector w, with components u(x, y) and v(x, y), to each point z at which
it is defined. Indicate graphically the vector fields represented by the
equations
(a) w = iz;
(b) w = z/|z|.
2 §2.14.
5. Show that limz→z0 f (z)g(z) = 0 if limz→z0 f (z) = 0 and if there exists a
positive number M such that |g(z)| ≤ M for all z in some neighborhood
of z0 .
13. Show that a set S ⊆ C is unbounded if and only if every neighborhood of
the point at infinity contains at least one point in S.
2
3 §2. 16.
7. Let f denote the function whose values are
2
(z̄)
when z 6= 0,
f (z) = z
0 when z = 0.
Show that if z = 0 then ∆w/∆z = 1 at each nonzero point on the real and
imaginary axes in the ∆z plane and that ∆w/∆z = −1 at each nonzero
point (∆x, ∆x) on the line ∆y = ∆x in that plane, where ∆z = (∆x, ∆y).
Conclude from these observations that f 0 (0) does not exist.
4 §2. 19.
1. Use the theorem in Sec. 17 (If f 0 (z) exists then the Cauchy-Riemann
∂
equations hold at z and f 0 (z) = f (z)) to show that f 0 (z) does not exist
∂x
at any point if
(a) f (z) = z̄;
(b) f (z) = z − z̄;
(c) f (z) = 2x + ixy 2 ;
(d) f (z) = ex e−iy .
2. Use the theorem in Sec. 18 (Let f be defined in some neighborhood of
z0 . Suppose the first-order partial derivatives of f with respect to x and y
exist everywhere in that neighborhood and that they are continuous at z0 .
Then, if the Cauchy-Riemann equations hold at z0 , the derivative f 0 (z0 )
exists) to show that f 0 (z) and its derivative f 00 (z) exist everywhere, and
find f 00 (z) when
(a) f (z) = iz + 2;
(b) f (z) = e−x e−iy ;
(c) f (z) = z 3 .
5. Show that when f (z) = x3 + i(1 − y)3 , it is legitimate to write f 0 (z) =
ux + ivx = 3x2 only when z = i.
6. Let u and v denote the real and imaginary components of the function f
defined by the equations
2
(z̄)
when z 6= 0,
f (z) = z
0 when z = 0.
Verify that the Cauchy-Riemann equations ux = vy and uy = −vx are
satisfied at the origin z = (0, 0).
3
5 §2.21.
2. With the aid of the theorem in Sec. 17, show that each of these functions
is nowhere analytic:
(a) f (z) = xy + iy;
(b) f (z) = ey eix .
6. Use results in Sec. 19 (If f is defined in some neighborhood of z0 , if the
first order partial derivatives of f with respect to r and θ exist everywhere
in that neighborhood and are continuous at z0 , and if the polar form of the
Cauchy-Riemann equations hold at z0 , then the derivative f 0 (z0 ) exists)
to verify that the function
4
Suggestion: Note how it follows from the equations u(x, y) = c1 and
v(x, y) = c2 that
∂u ∂u dy ∂v ∂v dy
+ =0 and + = 0.
∂x ∂y dx ∂x ∂y dx
13. Show that when f (z) = z 2 , the level curves u(x, y) = c1 and v(x, y) = c2
of the component functions are hyperbolas asymptotic to the coordinate
axes, or to the lines y = x and y = −x. Note the orthogonality of the two
families, described in Exercise 12. Observe that the curves u(x, y) = 0
and v(x, y) = 0 intersect at the origin but are not, however, orthogonal to
each other. Why is this fact in agreement with the result in Exercise 12?
14. Sketch the families of level curves of the component functions u and v
when f (z) = 1/z, and note the orthogonality described in Exercise 12.
16. Sketch the families of level curves of the component functions u and v
when
z−1
f (z) = ,
z+1
and note how the result in Exercise 12 is illustrated here.