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ëParking Brake
ëService Brake
3 —
raulic
Disc Brakes
Drum Brakes
Dual S stem
3 Antilock Brake S stem (ABS)
 !"
#$
%&'%(
ë ainetic Energ
ë ass
ë Weight
ë Spee

ë nertia an

omentum
%'!(
#$
 !"
#$
Drum Brake
%"  !"
 &# )*+'#%)&
DSC BRAaES consist of two pa
s that grasp a
rotating
isk. The
isk, or rotor, connects to the
wheels b an axle. You control the grasping power.
When ou pull on the brake, the clamps come
together on the
isk, forcing it to stop spinning an

causing our vehicle to slow
own an
eventuall
stop.
 %#) 
Disc-st le brakes
evelopment an
use began in
Englan
in the 1890s. The first caliper-t pe
automobile
isc brake was patente
b Fre
erick
William Lanchester in his Birmingham, Ua factor in
1902 an
use
successfull on Lanchester cars.
t took another half centur for his innovation to be
wi
el a
opte
.o
ern-st le
isc brakes.
1. 1949 ʹ Crosle —otshot
2. 1953 ʹ Jaguar C-T pe racing car
3. 1955 ʹ Citroën DS
4. 1956 ʹ Triumph TR3
5. 1965 ʹ Rambler arlin , For
Thun
erbir

an
so on͙͙.
Disc brakes offer better stopping performance than
comparable
rum brakes, inclu
ing resistance to
brake fa
e.
Disc brakes were most popular on sports cars when
the were first intro
uce
, since these vehicles are
more
eman
ing about brake performance.
Discs have now become the more common form in
most passenger vehicles.
c
  

  
 


 %'
The
esign of the
isc varies somewhat. Some are
simpl soli
cast iron, but others are hollowe
out
with fins or vanes joining together the
isc's two
contact surfaces.
This "ventilate
"
isc
esign helps to
issipate the
generate
heat an
is commonl use
on the more-
heavil -loa
e
front
iscs.
Discs ma also be slotte
, where shallow channels
are machine
into the
isc to ai
in removing
ust
an
gas.
Some
iscs are both
rille
an
slotte
. On the
roa
,
rille
or slotte

iscs still have a positive
effect in wet con
itions because the holes or slots
prevent a film of water buil
ing up between the

isc an
the pa
s.
One reason is the
isc's lack of self-assist makes
brake force much more pre
ictable, so peak brake
force can be raise
without more risk of braking-
in
uce
steering or jackknife on articulate

vehicles.
Another is
isk brakes fa
e less when hot, an
in a
heav vehicle air an
rolling
rag an
engine
braking are small parts of total braking force, so
brakes are use
har
er than on lighter vehicles, an


rum brake fa
e can occur in a single stop.

c 

 

c   
 
 
  ), %'  !"
Disc brakes are often on the front (an

sometimes on the rear) wheels of cars

Do the real work of braking

Unlike
rum brakes,
o not self-energize

 !# %!(
Different materials have
ifferent coefficients
of friction

Pa
material can be chosen for performance

or to create a balance between performance
an

urabilit
 !# %!( )&#%&+*

Asbestos brakes were use
for ears because of

their extremel high friction coefficient, but
a
vances in science has shown that it is a cancer
causing substance.
 %' *!$!- $)*
Discs are usuall
amage
in one of four wa s:
warping, scarring, cracking, or excessive rusting.

! %&-
Warping is often cause
b excessive heat. When
the
isc's friction area is at a substantiall higher
temperature than the inner portion (hat) the
thermal expansion of the friction area is greater
than the inner portion an
warping occurs.

'! %&-
Scarring (US: Scoring) can occur if brake pa
s are
not change
promptl when the reach the en
of
their service life an
are consi
ere
worn out.

÷ 
  
     

 

 
 !'"%&-
Cracking is limite
mostl to
rille

iscs, which
ma
evelop small cracks aroun
e
ges of holes

rille
near the e
ge of the
isc
ue to the
isc's
uneven rate of expansion in severe
ut
environments.

+#%&-
The
iscs are commonl ma
e from cast iron an
a
certain amount of what is known as "surface rust" is
normal.
)$)&&#

%#)& !&* '(%&* 
The most common caliper
esign uses a single
h
raulicall actuate
piston within a c lin
er,
although high performance brakes use as man as
twelve.

 !" .+!(
Sometimes a lou
noise or high pitch squeal occurs
when the brakes are applie
. ost brake squeal is
pro
uce
b vibration (resonance instabilit ) of the
brake components, especiall the pa
s an

iscs
(known as £
  
  ).
 !" /+**
Brake ju

er is usuall perceive
b the
river as
minor to severe vibrations transferre
through the
chassis
uring braking.
Two
istinct subgroups: Œ  (or Œ
 ), or  
ju

er.

 !" *+#
When braking force is applie
, small amounts of
material are gra
uall groun
off the brake pa
s.
This material is known as "brake
ust" an
a fair
amount of it usuall
eposits itself on the braking
s stem an
the surroun
ing wheel.

! # ),  !"%&-
#$
XBrake Pe
alͶforce input to s stem from
river
XDesign gives a echanical A
vantage

Xaster C lin
erͶconverts force to pressure

XPressure is use
to move brake pa
s into place

XBrake Pa
sͶprovi
e friction force when in contact with

rotor
XWorks to slow or stop vehicle
 !" !*
The brake pa
s are
esigne
for high friction with
brake pa
material embe

e
in the
isc in the
process of be

ing while wearing evenl .
XCaliperͶhol
s pa
s an
squeezes them against rotor
!(% 
The è !" '!(% is the assembl which houses the
brake pa
s an
pistons. The pistons are usuall
ma
e of aluminum or chrome-plate
steel. There
are two t pes of calipers: floating or fixe
.

XRotorͶspins with wheel

XWhen use
in conjunction with brake pa
s, slows vehicle

XVentsͶhelp provi
e cooling to brake

 Caliper T pes
There are 2 t pes of Calipers
[%0*
ë Calipers are
isc brakes that use a caliper that is FED in
position an

oes not sli
e. The have pistons on both
si
es of the
isc. There ma be 2 or 4 pistons per caliper

[()!#%&-
ë uch more common
ë Single Piston
ë Easier to work with
ë On ͞inboar
 si
e of caliper
 Fixe
Caliper

ͻotorc cles an
some

import trucks an
cars
use this t pe

ͻSimilar to bic cle

brakes
Sli
ing Caliper

Applies pressure to
two pa
s on opposite
si
es of rotor
Caliper
ë Sli
ing
ë Fixe

Friction aterial
expose
to air
 Fixe
Caliper
ë Applies two pistons to
opposite si
es of rotor
ë Caliper sta s stationar
ë Disc Brakes require
higher h
raulic
pressure
 Caliper Operation
!(%

 !"
[(+%*

1
!* 2 3

Rotor

X Step 1: Force is applie
to b
river to the master c lin
er

X Step 2: Pressure from the master c lin
er causes one brake pa

to contact rotor
X Step 3: The caliper then self-centers, causing secon
pa
to
contact rotor
n a
isc brake, the brake pa
s squeeze the )#)
instea
of the wheel, an
the force is transmitte

h
raulicall instea
of through a cable. Friction
between the pa
s an
the
isc slows the
isc
own.
A moving car has a certain amount of kinetic
energ , an
the brakes have to remove this energ
from the car in or
er to stop it. Brakes convert the
kinetic energ to heat generate
b the friction
between the pa
s an
the
isc. ost car
isc brakes
are vente
.
Vente

isc brakes have a set of vanes, between the
two si
es of the
isc, that pumps air through the

isc to provi
e '))(%&-.
 Vente
Rotors

Vente
Rotors have Fins in the spaces

between their machine
surfaces. These
spaces allow air to pass through, which
helps carr heat awa .
 onvente
Rotor

on Vente
Rotors are use
on smaller

vehicles, an
have no cooling fins
T—Aa YOU