TRANSFORMER
DESIGN MANUAL2 PAGES:
pp ‘TRANSFORMER & REACTOR DESIGN MANUAL
Page -1 INDEX DOC REF
Of 2 Pages DD. INDEX
DOCUMEN:’ SUBJECT PAGES
DD.A ‘TRANSFORMER PERFORMANCE FIGURES 28
DD.AL ‘TRANSFORMER REACTANCE CALCULATIONS
FOR DIFFERENT COIL, CONFIGURATIONS
DD.ALL BUSBAR REACTANCE CALCULATIONS 9-1
DD.A2 CALCULATION OF CORE LOSS 1
DD.A2 CORE LOSS CURVES 1-7
DD.A3 PERMISSIBLE DURATION FOR 1-2
OVER-FLUXING OF POWER TRANSFORMER
DD.A4 CALCULATION OF 1a4
EDDY-CURRENT AND STRAY LOSSES
DD.B INSULATION DESIGN 26
DDB. INSULATION DESIGN FOR, 1-6
POWER FREQUENCY VOLTAGES
DD.B.2 INSULATION DESIGN FOR 1-4
IMPULSE VOLTAGES
DD.B.3 STANDARD INSULATION STRUCTURES 1-5
pp.c DESIGN DATA FOR THERMAL PERFORMANCE 2
DD.C.1 CALCULATION OF WINDING TEMPERATURE 1-3
GRADIENT FOR NORMAL COIL ASSEMBLIES
DD.C.2 CALCULATION OF WINDING TEMPERATURE 195
(GRADIENT OF WINDING ASSEMBLIES
‘WITH DIRECTED OIL FLOW
DD.C.3 NATURAL AND AIR-BLAST COOLING dnd
(OF TRANSFORMERS
DD.E MECHANICAL STABILITY 18
DD.E.1 AXIAL FORCES DUE TOUNBALANCED AMPERE -TURNS 1 ~3
< "RESIDUAL AMPERE-TURN METHOD
STATIC POWER - ELECTRICAL DEVICES2 PAGES
DD TRANSFORMER & REACTOR DESIGN MANUAL
Page 2 INDEX ‘DOC. REF
Of 2 Pages DD. INDEX
DD.E.2 WITHSTAND TO AXIAL FORCES 1
BENDING LOAD ON WINDING CONDUCTOR
DD.E3 RADIAL FORCES 1-2
WITHSTAND TO BUCKLING OF INNER WINDING
DD.E.4 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 12
OF TRANSFORMER TANKS
DDE REACTOR DESIGN 8
DBF. ELECTRO-MAGNETICALLY SHIELDED 1-8
‘AIR CORED REACTORS
DD.F.2 MAGNETICALLY SHIELDED 1-3
‘AIR CORED REACTORS
DD.F3 GAPPED CORE REACTORS 1
STATIC POWER - ELECTRICAL DEVICESA ‘TRANSFORMER PERFORMANCE FIGURES 25 Pages
Page 1 “Transformer Reactance Calculations DOC REF
Of 11 Pages For Different Coll Configurations DD.AS
GENES \CTANCE, {OR DOUBLE WOUND TRANSFORME)
6X = 0.0059 ATE MTD) FH
Where
‘A. = Amperes per Phase
T «Tums per Leg
LMT = Length of Mean Turn (Metres)
D_ = Radial Depth of Winding (mm)
F = Total Flux (Mega Lines)
H = Comected Eft Height of Winding
Wind Height + (LVD+HVD+ HiLoy3 Gam)
| = Divided BY
GENERALISED AMPRE TURN DIAGRAM AND METHOD FOR CALCULATING E(MT. D)
LLV Winding consisting of Two
Parts~ LVI and LV2
a | fave] | ave | pave] HV Winding consisting of Two
Ports IVI and HV2
£1 =Fraction of Total Ampere Turns in LV3
£2 = Fraction of Total Ampere Tums in HV2
EQMT.D)=? LVID. LVILMT)+ 391 (LV GAP_LY GAP LMT)
“+ (IAf14819 LV2D.LV3 LMT+H-LO D.HELO LMT)
+ (+249) HVID.HVI LMT+32°(HV GAP HVGAP LMT)
+ f2(HV2 D.HV2 LMT) *
DL IL. MENTS
ma 6) HV with separate LINEAR TAP
iy) | av) [rar tv | [rar] [av] WINDING assembled over the
HY Col
a) »
+) HV with separate LINEAR TAP
ye | ‘WINDING assembled between
fi HI-KS | the HV and LV Coils
£1 = Fraction of Total Ampere
& ‘0 Tumsin HV :
* LVID, LV2D, ote Depth of LVI, LV2, ete
LVILMT.LV2LMT eto =~ LMTof LVI, LV2, eto
HLLOD, HELOLMT, Depth & LMT of Radial Gap between LV & HV
‘STATIC POWER - ELECTRICAL DEVICES (Cont- Page?A ‘TRANSFORMER PERFORMANCE FIGURES 25 PAGES
Page -2 “Transformer Reactance Calculation DOC REF |
Of 11 Pages For Different Coil Configurations DD.AT
I HV wath separate REVERSING TAP WINDING
Di D2 assembled concentrically over the HV coil
Di=D. W/E
Da=D.f/iet
Where -
HV Contains (1+ £) Times the total Ampere j
‘Tums and |
D= Radial Depth of Main Winding
f= Fraction of Total Ampere Turns in
‘TAP Winding
HV with separate REVERSING WINDING
between the LV and the HV coils
Diz D.L/iee
Di=D. fie
‘Where -
HV Contains ( 1+£) Times Total Ampere Tums |
D= Radial Depth of Main HY Winding
‘action of Total Ampere Tums in TAP
ING!
One Winding ( LV in this case )is spitinto Two
ivy | av | {Lvl Parts LVI and LV2 and assembled concentrically
pied ‘onthe ID and the OD of the HV Winding |
1 F YELVI has Ni Tums and LV2 has N2 Turns |
‘hen Di =D. NL/NI+N2 |
D2=D.N2/NI+N2
Often manipulation of the value of HVILV
REACTANCE requires the TAP Winding to
‘be Assembled on the ID of the LV Winding
‘and REACTANCE Caloulated as for DOUBLE
CONCENTRIC WINDINGS
ifthe % REACTANCES Caleulated by the usual methods are
‘XL - For LV and the part of HV associated with LV1 and
52 -- For LV2 and the part of HV associated with LV2 THEN
%X For the Whole Winding = (X1N1+X2.N2)/NI+N2
STATIC POWER - ELECTRICAL DEVICES |A ‘TRANSFORMER PERFOFMANCE FIGURES 25 PAGES
Page 3 “Transformer Reactance Calculations DOC REF
O11 Pages For Different Coil Configurations DD.AL
REACTANCE CALCULATION OF TRANSFORMERS. WITH PRI& SECY COILS
"ASSEMBLED AXIALLY ONE OVER THE OTHER ( SANDWICH WOUND.
AP
HL
j—=»—}|*
L
Sandwich Reactance Formula As For Concentric Windings Except
E(LMT.D) = LMT(As+ Ap+3HL)
H = (Dp+Ds)/2+ (AptAs+HL)/6 +L
JEFECTIVE REACTANCE OF STAR/ ZIG-ZAG CONN! 'SFORME!
STAR za zs
com coxz | —_|cons
%Kigl2 + %Xy/2 - YXosi6
Where
Xp = % Reactance Between Coil 1 & 2
%Xis =: Ye Reactance Between Coil 1 & 3
%Nyy = %Reactance Between Coil 2&3
ALL ABOVE REACTANCES ARE CALCULATED USING
GENERAL REACTANCE FORMULA FOR DOUBLE. WOUND
‘TRANSRORMER (PAGE 1) BASED ON RATED KVA
EEFECTIVE REACTANCE OF THREE WINDING TRANSFORMERS
OTH SECONDARY WINDINGS LOAD!
fin a Three Winding Trensformer the Windings are designated as follows
‘Primary - Winding 1 The two Secondary Windings 2 & 3
“Then the Effective Reactance ofthe Transformer is found srom the following Terminal Network
Kye (NootKirkes) Kip WX Bet 1&2
Fe eK) Ms %XBet 183
Le Xr NorMerX) KBR BAIT
‘Three Winding Transformer Specifications offer.
specify the Branch Reactances. Also wseful for finding loading of Windings for 3 Weg Trafo Heat Runs
STATIC POWER - ELECTRICAL DEVICESA ‘TRANSFORMER PERFORMANCE FIGURES 25 PAGES
Page -4 “Fransformer Reactance Calculations DOC REF
Of 11 Pages For Different Coll Configuratios DD.AL
IVE_HEIGHT_OF WINDINGS WIT!
co ys) OF THE EI
Pi N BALANCED AXIAL GAPS
hi ‘TOP
=}
at
|BOTTOM}
Hi CBtfective Winding Height) = _h+(D1+D2+HL)/3
‘Di = Radial Depth of Un-Gapped Winding
D2 = Radial Depth of Gapped Winding
HL Radial Gap Between Gapped and Un-Gapped Winding
hg'= Gap Ampete Tums / AT permm (Mean)
G= hg- hg"
Gi = G t/t t=(DI+DIH)/3
G-G = Comected Effective Gap Height
Gap Corrected Bfftotive Winding Height
= Effective Winding Height - Comected Bffective Gap
Mean Ampere Tums Per mm
{ (lop Ampere Tums fl) + (Bottom Ampere Turns /h2)]/2
‘All Dimensions in Millimetres
STATIC POWER - ELECTRICAL DEVICESA ‘TRANSFORMER PERFORMANCE FIGURES 25 PAGES
Page -5 “Transformer Reactance Calculations DOC. REF
Of 11 Pages For Different Coil Configurations DD.A.L
:ACTANCE JLATION OF WINDING ARRANGEMENTS WITH
HV. WINDING AND_A SHORTENED TAPPING WINDING
Caleulate Reactanee As Follows
1) Caleulate Concentric Reactanees ~~ Xviev » Xuvirar & Xaver
Using the usual Formbla given on Page 1
2) Caleulate Sandwich Reactanoe for Top & Bottom
ofthe HV/TAP Coil Group = XS ween
NOTE. in the Sandwich Reactance formula (As + Ap + 3HIL)is caleusted assuming
HL=0 and therefore becomes hy orh,, Also
(Dp + Ds)/2 + (Ap ~ As + HL)/6 + L - ReducestoDs + (hy OR ho / 61%
(oe ate he Sandwich Reactanoe using the Total Ampere Turns And Pull Depth of Cols
‘nd CORRECT to the Sandwich Ampere Tums by multiplying the result by a
Factor- (hr/ hy x0.5)* Forthe Top & (hy/ ha x 0.5} For the Bottom
DComect Nevinae and Xevrasp as follows
avr Xavi + XSvrne(Top & Bottom )
Xie = Xwew + XS gvrtar (Top & Bottom )
4) Caleulate Seif Reactances
Kav = %(Xavaw + Xaveme - Sovicar)
Xw (Xavav + Move X'evrme)
Kee = 4(Ravinet Winns - Kava)
STATIC POWER - ELECTRICAL DEVICESA ‘TRANSFORMER PERFORMANCE FIGURES 25 PAGES
Page -6 “Transformer Reactance Calculations DOC REF
Of 11 Pages For Different Coif Configuratios DD.AL
REACTANCE CALCULA’ OF WINDING ARRANGEMENTS WITH
HY MAIN WINDING AND A SHORTENED TAPPING WINDING (CONT)
5) Calculate the Final LV to HV Reactance by Adding All Se Reactances after Appling
Shitable Auto Factor Comrections to HT end TAPPING Coil Self Reactances
X (L/HV#TAP) = ay) KH? + On) KT # Xe
‘HV Tums / (HV Tums + Tap Tums)
‘Tap Tums / (HV Tums + Tap Tums)
Where Ki
x
STATIC POWER - ELECTRICAL DEVICES