Syllabus Global Politics of Energy and Environmental Change 2019

7PIRS011W
Global Politics of Energy and

Environmental Change
Room: 354
Regent Street
Wednesday 14:00 to 17:00
25 September - 11 December
2019
Module Leader: Dr Wojciech Ostrowski

Room 409, Wells Street
Office hours: Thursday 14:30 – 17:00
Email: W.Ostrowski@westminster.ac.uk
Welcome and Introduction:
This handbook provides all the information you need regarding the module’s content
and assessment requirements. It includes the module’s aims and learning outcomes,
assessment weighting and assessment criteria, the lecture and seminar topics, essay
questions, reading lists, rules for referencing and bibliography, and university
assessment regulations.
Summary of Module Content:

The module aims at evaluating the relevance of contemporary debates in international
relations and political economy to the study of energy security, energy markets and
climate change. It examines the political history of the modern energy systems and
the role played by states and major private and state-owned companies. In addition, it
explores the role of global institutions and their impact on the interplay between
energy security, energy markets and climate change. It scrutinises issues that underpin
key discussions in the energy and climate change area, such as development, limits to
growth, transparency, sustainability and the role of civil society. The module also
critically assesses standard approaches to the issue of energy security by focusing on
the problem of energy poverty and resilience.
Module Aims:
 To encourage students to critically evaluate the relevance of contemporary
debates in international relations and political economy to the study of energy
security, energy markets and climate change.
 To provide students with an in-depth understanding of the actors that have
shaped the global politics of energy.
 To explore the history of fossil fuels and alternative sources of energy.
 To analyse the full complexity of energy security dilemmas.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of the module the successful student will be able to:
 Critically evaluate the relevance of contemporary debates in international
relations and political economy to the study of energy security, energy
markets and climate change.
 Critically evaluate the history and dynamics shaping global energy security.
 Critically assess the different elements of the global energy map such as peak
oil, petro-state, global institutions, resources nationalism, hybrid energy
companies, local communities, global NGOs.
 Develop a critical understanding of the concept of energy security.
 Locate, comprehend and engage with relevant primary sources and academic
texts.
Teaching and Learning Methods:

Teaching will consist of a weekly, three-hour interactive seminar, for which students
will be required to prepare in advance. Students will be expected to have done
extensive reading and to participate actively in class discussion. Suitable guidance for
reading and preparation will be provided. There will be an introduction to key
concepts and debates by the seminar leader, followed by student presentations and in
class discussion. Presentations will be allocated in the first or second session.
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Activity type Category Student learning and
teaching hours*
Seminar Scheduled 36
Total Scheduled 36
Independent study Independent 164
Total student learning and teaching 200
hours
Lecture Overview:
1. Introduction to Global Politics of Energy and Environmental Change (25 Sept)
2. Political History of Global Energy (2 Oct)
3. International Relations and Energy (9 Oct)
4. Energy Markets (16 Oct)
5. Energy Security and Energy Poverty (23 Oct)
6. Essay Development (30 Oct)
7. Political Economy of Energy and Transparency (06 Nov)
8. Politics of Global Energy Industry (13 Nov)
9. Sustainable Development (20 Nov)
10. Low Carbon Transitions: The Case of UK (27 Nov)
11. International Politics and Climate Change (4 Dec)
12. Local Politics, Populism and Climate Change (11 Dec)
Contributors and Guest Speakers:

Dr Aura Sabadus (Senior Energy journalist, ICIS, Reed Elsevier)
Tom Watson (Senior Research Officer at Department for Transport, UK)
Fleur Disney (Community Energy London* Officer and Director at ReSpace
Projects)
*Community Energy London is a not-for-profit network supporting the local energy
transition to a system that is clean, green, fair & decentralised.
Contacting me:
As module leader, I will be happy to answer any questions you have about classes or
about your progress in the module. Please e-mail me to set up an appointment. My
office hours are from 14:30 to 17:00 on Thursday, but if these are difficult, it can
occasionally be arranged to meet outside of office hours.
Assessment rationale:
The presentation is designed to develop students’ planning and communication skills.
The presentation challenges students to demonstrate critical awareness of key issues
in the global politics of energy and environmental change and to deploy theoretical
and empirical evidence to engage confidently in academic communication with their
peers.
The essay is designed to test students’ analytical, critical and research ability.
Assessment criteria:
The presentation should demonstrate that students have achieved a comprehensive
and critical understanding of the specific theoretical, methodological and factual
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issues/examples discussed, and managed to effectively summarise and present a piece
of work within a seminar setting. In marking the presentation, academic staff will
consider:
 the degree of advanced knowledge and understanding of the subject matter;
 the range and appropriateness of the literature used (and/or empirical
material);
 the quality of critical analysis applied to concepts, ideas, theories and/or
empirical/factual information;
 the logical development and coherence of the argument;
 the clarity, coherence and effectiveness of the overall presentation (including
clarity of delivery and observance of time limits).
The essay should demonstrate that students have understood the issue(s) they are
addressing, made themselves familiar with the appropriate literature and had the
ability both to assess the different arguments and to formulate a critical analysis
comprising a coherent rationale in support of their position. In marking the essay
academic staff will consider:
 the quality of the content - the breadth and depth of analysis - and the quality
of the critical comment;
 the structure – the logical development and coherence of the argument;
 the range of literature used in making the argument; and
 the presentation and layout – including the competence with which sources are
used.
Assessment methods and weightings:

Weighting Qualifying Qualifyin
Assessment name % mark % g set Assessment type
Essay (4000 words) 80 N/A Essay
Presentation 20 N/A Presentation
Presentation
The deadline for submitting the power point presentation on Blackboard supporting
the oral presentation is on the day the presentation is delivered.
Presentation Topics
 Session 3: International Relations and Energy (9 Oct)

Presentation Topics:
 Peak Oil;
 International Energy Agency (IEA);
 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
 Session 4: Energy Markets (16 Oct)

 Political Economy of Oil Market;
 Political Economy of Gas Market
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 Session 5: Energy Security and Energy Poverty (23 Oct)
 Energy Poverty;
 State Capitalism/Mercantilism and Energy;
 Security of Demand
 Session 7: Political Economy of Energy and Transparency (06 Nov)

 Transparency and Energy;
 Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI);
 Critique of the Rentier State Approach
 Session 8: Politics of Global Energy Industry (13 Nov)

 Survival Strategies of the International Oil Companies (IOCs);
 International Oil Companies and Climate Change (IOCs);
 National Oil Companies (NOCs) and Climate Change
 Session 9: Sustainable Development (20 Nov)

 Renewables – International Perspective;
 Renewables – Local Perspective;
 Nuclear Energy and Sustainability
 Session 10: Low Carbon Transitions: The Case of UK (27 Nov)

 Low-Carbon Transitions: Concepts and Theories (Political Economy,
Institutionalism);
 Circular Economy
 Session 11: International Politics and Climate Change (4 Dec)

 Climate Change and Violent Conflicts: Asia or Sub-Saharan Africa
 Climate Justice
 Coal and Climate Change
 Session12: Local Politics, Populism and Climate Change (11 Dec)

 Populism and Climate Change
 Anthropocene and Climate Change
 Sustainable Cities
 Local Politics and Climate Change
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Essay
You must submit an electronic copy of your essay via Blackboard by 13/January/2019
by 13:00. The essay should not exceed 4,000 words.
Note that your presentation and your essay cannot be on one and the same topic.
The module addresses a number of wide ranging themes and you are free to either
design your own essay question (which has to be discussed and approved by the
module leader) or to answer one of the questions from the list below.
Indicative Essay Questions:
1. Why does wealth from oil, gas or minerals exports have a different impact on
the development of political regimes and the wider economy than wealth
derived from other sources (for instance, manufacturing and services exports)?
2. ‘Petro-dollars are an important factor that keeps authoritarian regimes in

power but not the only one’. Discuss this claim through the analysis of a
chosen oil-rich state.
3. Critically assess the realist claim that state competition rather than markets
define the politics of global resources.
4. How has the rise of National Oil Companies changed the global politics of
energy?
5. ‘Energy security for the West has often meant insecurity for the rest.’ Discuss.
6. ‘Resources Nationalism is a cyclical phenomenon’. Discuss
7. Compare and contrast at least two different initiatives that were put forward in
order to address the ills of the resources curse.
8. How has the peril of climate change changed our understanding of energy
security?
9. ‘We can have secure, reliable and affordable supplies of energy and, at the
same time, manage the transition to a low-carbon energy system’. Discuss this
claim.
10. Why do southern countries tend to have different positions from their northern
counterparts over global environmental politics? When is this ‘North-South’
distinction useful and when is it an over-simplification?
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DEPARTMENT SPECIFIC REGULATIONS ON COURSEWORK
A) WORD LIMIT POLICY

Each assessment will have a specified word length range (i.e. a word count which
includes the main text and notes but excludes the bibliography). The school does not
permit a margin of 10% over the stated word limit: the word count is the absolute
maximum. Students should be aware that the marker will not consider any work after
the maximum word limit has been reached within the allocation of marks. Please note
that the exclusion of concluding material in excess of the permitted maximum word
count may substantively reduce the quality of the coursework submitted. It may also
mean that the eligible part of the submission fails to include information needed to
meet the stated learning outcomes for the assessment. In this way, students will be
penalised for a failure to be concise and for failing to conclude their work within the
word limit specified.
B) INAPPROPRIATE SUBMISSION
Unless specified in the assessment information, all coursework must be uploaded to
Blackboard. It is the student’s responsibility to ensure that they follow the correct
procedure for submission. If a piece of work is submitted incorrectly it may not be
accepted by the Faculty or it will be subject to lateness penalties as detailed above. It
the student’s responsibility to ensure that they can access their Blackboard account
prior to the assessment deadline. Please note, email submissions are not allowed
under any circumstance.
C) SUBMISSION OF COURSEWORK
All coursework on this module is submitted via Blackboard only. It will
automatically be scanned through the Turnitin Plagiarism Detection Service software.
 You DO NOT need to attach a copy of the CA1 form;

 You DO need to include your name and student ID on the first page of your
assignment.
To submit your assignment:

 Log on to Blackboard at http://learning.westminster.ac.uk;
 Go to the relevant module Blackboard site;
 Click on the ‘Assessments’ link on the left-hand side;
 Click on the link to the relevant assignment;
 Follow the ‘upload’ and ‘submit’ instructions.
A two-minute video showing the submission process can be found by following this
link:
 http://www.youtube.com/user/SSHLUniWestminster#p/u/0/I-ZQs4nSWL4
You will receive separate instructions about how and when you will receive feedback
on your work.
IT IS A REQUIREMENT THAT YOU SUBMIT YOUR WORK IN THIS

WAY. ALL COURSEWORK MUST BE SUBMITTED BY 13:00 noon ON THE
DUE DATE.
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IF YOU SUBMIT YOUR COURSEWORK LATE BUT WITHIN 24 HOURS OR
ONE WORKING DAY OF THE SPECIFIED DEADLINE, 10% OF THE OVERALL
MARKS AVAILABLE FOR THAT ELEMENT OF ASSESSMENT WILL BE
DEDUCTED, AS A PENALTY FOR LATE SUBMISSION, EXCEPT FOR WORK
WHICH OBTAINS A MARK IN THE RANGE 40 – 49%, IN WHICH CASE THE
MARK WILL BE CAPPED AT THE PASS MARK (40%).
IF YOU SUBMIT YOUR COURSEWORK MORE THAN 24 HOURS OR MORE

THAN ONE WORKING DAY AFTER THE SPECIFIED DEADLINE YOU WILL
BE GIVEN A MARK OF ZERO FOR THE WORK IN QUESTION.
LATE WORK AND ANY CLAIM OF MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES

RELATING TO COURSEWORK MUST BE SUBMITTED AT THE EARLIEST
OPPORTUNITY TO ENSURE AS FAR AS POSSIBLE THAT THE WORK CAN
STILL BE MARKED. LATE WORK WILL NOT NORMALLY BE ACCEPTED IF
IT IS RECEIVED MORE THAN FIVE WORKING DAYS AFTER THE ORIGINAL
COURSEWORK DEADLINE.
ONCE THE WORK OF OTHER STUDENTS HAS BEEN MARKED AND

RETURNED, LATE SUBMISSIONS OF THAT SAME PIECE OF WORK CANNOT
BE ASSESSED.
ESSAY GRADING SCHEME
Essay assessment is a complex process that cannot be reduced to a simple formula.

However, it is possible to articulate some of the features that your lecturers will
expect to find in each of the marking categories.
First class essays (70-100%) will: address the question or title; follow a structured
and signposted sequence; demonstrate familiarity with the relevant literature; present
an analysis and evaluation of the ideas and theories discussed; reveal internal
integration and coherence; use references and examples to support the claims and
arguments made; provide detailed references and sources in the bibliography or
reference section; be written in good and grammatically correct English. Differences
within the range are usually attributable to differences in the quality of analysis and
evaluation and internal integration and coherence.
Upper second class essays (60-69%) will: address the title; follow a structured
sequence; demonstrate familiarity with relevant literature; use references and
examples. The difference between essays in this class and a first class pieced of work
is often the quality of the analysis and evaluation presented and the degree to which it
is integrated around its central theme.
Lower second class work (50-59%) may show weaknesses with regard to a number
of the features mentioned above. Generally, the analysis and evaluation may be poor,
so that the work fails to convey an unified consideration of the topic under discussion.
Often, for example, ideas and theories will be presented but not related to each other,
so that the reader is left to draw his / her own conclusions. This may also mean that
the material presented is not used to address the question but is simply included as
vaguely relevant. Finally the sequential structure of essays in this category could
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usually be improved.
Third class essays (40-49%) tend to have weaknesses with regard to most of the
features mentioned above. They tend not to address the question in a precise way, to
be poorly structured and show little by way of analysis or evaluation of the ideas
presented. This, of course, means that they are not well integrated. Finally, the grasp
of the literature demonstrated in such an essay may not be good, though it will be
adequate in the sense that there are no major misconceptions or obvious omissions.
Failed essays (30-39%) are, at best, manifestly failing with regard to a number of the
features mentioned above. In particular, their demonstration of familiarity with the
literature is usually poor and their structure difficult to discern.
Essays which are of extremely poor quality will receive marks that are under 30%.
We use the full spectrum of marks.
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Week 1 (25 September)
Introduction to Global Politics of Energy and Environmental Change
Seminar questions:
 Why do energy security concerns usually trump climate change concerns

in public debates?
 Is it possible to maintain energy security at the level that modern societies

require and simultaneously address problems associated with climate change?
Seminar reading:
Chapter 1: ‘Energy Security and Climate Security under Conditions of the

Anthropocene’ by Maximilian Mayer and Peer Schouten in Anceschi, Luca, and
Jonathan Symons, eds. Energy Security in the Era of Climate Change: The Asia-
Pacific Experience. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. [E-book: Core] (Available on
Blackboard)
Chapter 4: ‘Can Energy Security and Effective Climate Change Policies Be

Compatible?’ by Mark Diesendorf in Anceschi, Luca, and Jonathan Symons, eds.
Energy Security in the Era of Climate Change: The Asia-Pacific Experience. Palgrave
Macmillan, 2011. [E-book: Core] (Available on Blackboard)
Chapter 12: ‘Energy Security and Climate Change – Tensions and Synergies’ by Peter
Christoff in Anceschi, Luca, and Jonathan Symons, eds. Energy Security in the Era of
Climate Change: The Asia-Pacific Experience. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. [E-book:
Core] (Available on Blackboard)
Chapter 1: ‘Global Climate Change’ by Matthew J. Hoffmann in Falkner, Robert. The

handbook of global climate and environment policy. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-
Book: Core] (Available on Blackboard)
Additional reading:
The Global Energy Challenge by Caroline Kuzemko, Michael F. Keating, Andreas

Goldthau. (Palgrave 2015)
Robert Keohane With Jeff Colgan and Thijs van de Graaf (2012) ‘Punctuated
Equilibrium in the Energy Regime Complex’, The Review of International
Organizations, Vol. 7, Issue 2.
Ekins, Paul, Mike Bradshaw, and Jim Watson, eds. Global Energy: Issues, Potentials,
and Policy Implications. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015.
Further reading:
Daniel Yergin. (2011) The Quest: Energy, Security and the Remaking of the Modern
World, Allen Lane. (Introduction and Conclusion).
10
Goldthau, Andreas, ed. The handbook of global energy policy. John Wiley & Sons,
2013. [E-book: Core]
Helm, Dieter. The new energy paradigm. Oxford University Press, 2007.
Bradshaw, Michael J. Global energy dilemmas: energy security, globalization, and

climate change. 2014.
Coyle, Eugene D. and Simmons, Richard A.(Eds). (2014). Understanding the Global
Energy Crisis. Purdue University Press.
MacKay, David. Sustainable Energy-without the hot air. UIT Cambridge, 2008.
Timothy Mitchell. Carbon Democracy: Political Power in the Age of Oil, Verso:
London, 2013.
11
Week 2 (2 October)
Political History of Global Energy
Seminar task:
 Compare and contrast the role of a) the state, b) private, transnational and
national companies, c) civil society across three histories.
Seminar reading:
Chapter 6: ‘Corporations vs. States in the Shaping of Global Oil Regimes’ by

Giacomo Luciani in Dannreuther, Roland, and Wojciech Ostrowski, eds. Global
resources: conflict and cooperation. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. [E-book: Core]
(Available on Blackboard)
Chapters 2: ‘Minerals: Industry History and Fault Lines of Conflict’ by David

Humphreys in Dannreuther, Roland, and Wojciech Ostrowski, eds. Global resources:
conflict and cooperation. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. [E-book: Core] (Available on
Blackboard)
Chapter 3: ‘Renewable Energy: a new identity and a new industry’ in Toke, David.
Ecological modernisation and renewable energy. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. [E-
book: Core] (Available on Blackboard)
Additional reading:
Shaffer Brenda. Energy Politics. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,

2009. (Introduction)
Timothy Mitchell. ‘Carbon Democracy.’ Economy and Society, Volume 38 Number 3

August 2009: 399- 432.
Timothy Mitchell. Carbon Democracy: Political Power in the Age of Oil, Verso:
London, 2013.
12
Week 3 (9 October)
International Relations and Energy
Seminar questions:
 In what ways will ‘the climate change blowback’ impact global energy
security? What are the strengths and weaknesses of Michale Kalre’s
argument?
 Why do Goldthau and Witte argue that the global energy security is no longer
a zero-sum game? Is the argument that they are outlining a coherent one?
 What are the key features of the global oil market? How vulnerable is it to
political and economic disruptions?
Seminar reading:
Klare, Michael T. "Climate Change Blowback: The Threats to Energy Security." SAIS
Review of International Affairs 35, no. 1 (2015): 61-72. (Available on Blackboard)
Hughes, Llewelyn, and Austin Long. "Is There an Oil Weapon?: Security
Implications of Changes in the Structure of the International Oil Market."
International Security 39, no. 3 (2015): 152-189. (Available on Blackboard)
Chapter 1: The Role of Markets and Investment in Global Energy (pages 15–29) by
Albert Bressand in Goldthau, Andreas, ed. The handbook of global energy policy.
John Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-Book: Core] (Available on Blackboard)
Andreas Goldthau and Jan Martin Witte. ‘Back to the future or forward to the past?
Strengthening markets and rules for effective global energy governance’.
International Affairs 85: 2 (2009) 373–390. (Available on Blackboard)
Additional reading:
Klare, Michael. Resource Wars. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2001.
Palazuelos, Enrique. "Current oil (dis) order: players, scenarios, and mechanisms."
Review of International Studies 38, no. 02 (2012): 301-319.
Andreas Goldthau and Jan Martin Witte. (2009) Global Energy Governance: The
New Rules of the Game; Brookings Institution 2009. (E-book) (Chapter 16)
Paskal, Cleo. "From constants to variables: how environmental change alters the
geopolitical and geo‐economic equation." International Affairs 85, no. 6 (2009):
1143-1156.
Pant, Girijesh. "The Future of Energy Security through a Global Restructuring." South
Asian Survey 17, no. 1 (2010): 31-43.
13

Peak debates:
Chapter 10: Global Resource Scramble and New Energy Frontiers (pages 159–175)
by Øystein Noreng in Goldthau, Andreas, ed. The handbook of global energy policy.
John Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-book: Core]
Gavin Bridge (2010) ‘Past Peak Oil: Political Economy of Energy Crises’ in Global
Political Ecology (eds.) R. Peet, P. Robbins, and M. Watts. Routledge, London.
Chapter 9: ‘Peak Oil: Myth or Impending Doom?’by Patrick Criqui in Dannreuther,

Roland, and Wojciech Ostrowski, eds. Global resources: conflict and cooperation.
Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. [E-book: Core]
Chapter 10: ‘Peak Gas: Technology and Environmental Consequences’by Ariel

Bergmann in Dannreuther, Roland, and Wojciech Ostrowski, eds. Global resources:
conflict and cooperation. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. [E-book: Core]
Chapter 11: ‘Mineral Depletion and Peak Production’ by Magnus Ericsson and Patrik
Söderholm in Dannreuther, Roland, and Wojciech Ostrowski, eds. Global resources:
conflict and cooperation. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. [E-book: Core]
Institutions and cartels:
Ann Florini, Benjamin K. Sovacool (2009) ‘Who governs energy? The challenges
facing global energy governance’, Energy Policy, Volume 37, Issue 12, Pages 5239–
5248.
Downie, Christian. "Global energy governance: do the BRICs have the energy to
drive reform?." International Affairs 91, no. 4 (2015): 799-812.
Chapter 12: The “Gs” and the Future of Energy Governance in a Multipolar World
(pages 190–204)by Charles Ebinger and Govinda Avasarala in Goldthau, Andreas, ed.
The handbook of global energy policy. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-book: Core]
Van de Graaf, Thijs. The politics and institutions of global energy Governance.
Palgrave macmillan, 2013.
Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, S. I. (2010) 'The United Nations and Global Energy

Governance: Past Challenges, Future Choices', Global Change, Peace and Security,
22 (2), 177-197.
Thijs Van de Graaf, Dries Lesage (2009) ‘The International Energy Agency after 35
years: Reform needs and institutional adaptability’, The Review of International
Organizations, Volume 4, Issue 3, pp 293-317.
14
Gately, Dermot. "A ten-year retrospective: OPEC and the world oil market." Journal
of Economic Literature (1984): 1100-1114.
Castanias, Richard P. "A Test of the OPEC Cartel Hypothesis, 1974-1983:

Discussion." Journal of Finance (1985): 1006-1008.
BOĻCKEM, SABINE. "Cartel formation and oligopoly structure: a new assessment

of the crude oil market." Applied Economics 36 (2004): 1355-1369.
Luke, Timothy W. "Dependent development and the Arab OPEC states." The Journal
of Politics 45, no. 04 (1983): 979-1003.
Kaufmann, Robert K., Stephane Dees, Pavlos Karadeloglou, and Marcelo Sanchez.
"Does OPEC matter? An econometric analysis of oil prices." The Energy Journal
(2004): 67-90.
Woolsey, R. James, and Anne Korin. "How to Break Both Oil's Monopoly and
OPEC's Cartel." innovations 3, no. 4 (2008): 35-38.
Moran, Theodore H. "Modeling OPEC behavior: economic and political alternatives."

International Organization 35, no. 02 (1981): 241-272.
Alhajji, A. Fayçal, and David Huettner. "OPEC and other commodity cartels: a
comparison." Energy Policy 28, no. 15 (2000): 1151-1164.
Malnes, Raino. "OPEC and the Problem of Collective Action." Journal of Peace
Research 20, no. 4 (1983): 343-355.
Alhajji, Anas F., and David Huettner. "OPEC and world crude oil markets from 1973
to 1994: cartel, oligopoly, or competitive?." The Energy Journal (2000): 31-60.
Bina, Cyrus, and Minh Vo. "OPEC in the epoch of globalization: An event study of
global oil prices." Global Economy Journal 7, no. 1 (2007)
Venouss, Davar, C. K. Walker, and A. Frank Thompson. "OPEC’s Goal and

Strategies." International Journal of Middle East Studies 16, no. 2 (1984): 199-206.
Nakov, Anton, and Galo Nuño. "Saudi Arabia and the oil market." The Economic
Journal 123, no. 573 (2013): 1333-1362.
Hansen, Petter Vegard, and Lars Lindholt. "The market power of OPEC 1973–2001."
Applied Economics 40, no. 22 (2008): 2939-2959.
Further reading:
New Rules of the Game; Brookings Institution 2009. (Chapters 1, 2,12, 13) [E-book]
15
Klare, Michael. Resource Wars. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2001.
Klare, Michael. Blood and Oil: The Dangers and Consequences of America’s
Growing Dependency on Imported Petroleum. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2004.
Klare, Michael and Volman, Daniel 'The African 'oil rush' and US national security',
Third World Quarterly, 27: 4, 609-628, 2006.
Klare, Michael. Rising Powers, Shrinking Planet: The New Geopolitics of Energy.
New York: Henry Holt and Company. 2008.

2009. (Chapters 4, 9)
Alex Callinicos (2005) ‘Iraq: Fulcrum of World Politics’, Third World Quarterly,
26:4-5, 593-608.
World , Allen Lane. (Chapters 7, 11, 14)
Roberts, Paul. The End of Oil: The Decline of the Petroleum Economy and the Rise of
a New Energy Order. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC; 2005. (Chapters 10; 11)
Noreng, Oystein. Crude Power: Politics and the Oil Market. London: I.B. Tauris,
2002. (Chapter 2).
Francisco R. Parra. Oil Politics: A Modern History of Petroleum. I. B. Tauris, 2009.
(Chapter 15).
Simon Bromley. ‘The United States and the Control of World Oil.’ Government and
Opposition, 2005.
Edward Nell and Willi Semmler ‘The Iraq War and the World Oil Economy.’
Constellations Volume 14, No 4, 2007.
16
Week 4 (16 October)
Energy Markets
Guest Speaker: Dr Aura Sabadus
Seminar reading:
Goldthau, A. (2012) From the State to the Market and Back: Policy Implications of
Changing Energy Paradigms. Global Policy Volume 3 Issue 2 (Available on
Blackboard)
Ladislaw, S. (2019) Markets, Mercantilism and Mandates: The Future of the Global
Energy System in ‘Home and Abroad: Building US Global Economic Leadership on
Strong Domestic Foundation’. Washington. Center for Strategic & International
Studies (Available on Blackboard)
Chapter 3: ‘History of the Gas Industry’ by Chris Cragg in Dannreuther, Roland, and
Wojciech Ostrowski, eds. Global resources: conflict and cooperation. Palgrave
Macmillan, 2013. [E-book: Core] (Available on Blackboard)
Energy markets:
Chapter 5: The Oil Market: Context, Selected Features, and Implications (pages 81–
97)by Christopher Allsopp and Bassam Fattouh in Goldthau, Andreas, ed. The
handbook of global energy policy. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-book: Core]
Chapter 6: Natural Gas Going Global? Potential and Pitfalls (pages 98–112) by
Matthew Hulbert and Andreas Goldthau in Goldthau, Andreas, ed. The handbook of
global energy policy. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-book: Core]
Chapter 11: Cooperation and Conflict in Oil and Gas Markets (pages 176–189)by Dag
Harald Claes in Goldthau, Andreas, ed. The handbook of global energy policy. John
Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-book: Core]
Chapter 7: The Breakout of Energy Innovation: Accelerating to a New Low Carbon

Energy System (pages 113–126) by Michael LaBelle and Mel Horwitch in Goldthau,
Andreas, ed. The handbook of global energy policy. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-
book: Core]
Chapter 8: Recent Trends in Upstream Petroleum Agreements: Policy, Contractual,

Fiscal, and Legal Issues (pages 127–145) by Honoré Le Leuch in Goldthau, Andreas,
ed. The handbook of global energy policy. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-book: Core]

17
Additional reading:
Keohane, R. and Milner, H. (1996) Internationalisation and Domestic Politics.

Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
Lindblom, C.E. (1977) Politics and Markets. The World's Political-Economic

Systems. New York. Basic Books Inc. Publishers.
Rosecrance, R. (1986) The Rise of the Trading State. Commerce and Conquest in the
Modern World. New York, Basic Books.
Andersen, S.S, Goldthau, A., Sitter, N., (2017) (eds.) Energy Union: Europe's New
Liberal Mercantilism? London. Palgrave MacMillan.
Gilpin, R. 1975. Three Models of the Future. International Organizations 29(1):37-

60.
Gourevitch, P.A. (1978a). The Second Image Reversed: The International Sources of
Domestic Politics. International Organization 32(4):881-912.
Ikenberry, G. J. (1986). The Irony of State Strength: Comparative Responses to the

Oil Shocks in the 1970s. International Organization 40 (1):105–37.
Bielecki, J. (2002). Energy security: Is the wolf at the door? The Quarterly Review of
Economics and Finance, 42:235-250.
Cherp, A. and Jewell, J. (2014). The concept of energy security. Beyond the four As.
Energy Policy 75:415-421.
Ciuta, F. 2010 Conceptual Notes on Energy Security: Total or Banal Security?

Security Dialogue 41(2):123-144.
Kruyt, B, van Vuuren D.P. de Vries, H.J.M and Groenenberg, H. (2009) Indicators
for energy security. Energy Policy 37:2166-2181.
Waever, O. (1995) Securitization and Desecuritization. In On Security. Lipschutz.

New York, Columbia University Press.
Winzer, C. (2012) Conceptualizing Energy Security. Energy Policy 46:36-48.
Yergin, D. (2006) Ensuring Energy Security. Foreign Affairs 85(2):69-82.
18
Week 5 (23 October)
Energy Security and Energy Poverty
Seminar questions:
 How have the shifts in the global political economy shaped our understanding
of energy security?
 Energy security equals security for whom?
 What are the key effects of energy poverty on development?
 How does the global energy system entrench and sustain energy poverty?
Seminar reading:
Dannreuther, Roland. "Energy security and shifting modes of governance."

International Politics (2015). (Available on Blackboard)
Dannreuther, R, (2010) ‘Energy Security’, Burgess, J. P. (ed), The Routledge

Handbook of New Security Studies, 144-153. (Available on Blackboard)
Sovacool, Benjamin K. "The political economy of energy poverty: A review of key

challenges." Energy for Sustainable Development 16, no. 3 (2012): 272-282.
Chapter 4: The Development Nexus of Global Energy (pages 64–78) by Gilles

Carbonnier and Fritz Brugger in Goldthau, Andreas, ed. The handbook of global
energy policy. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-book: Core]
Additional reading:
Aleh Cherp, Jessica Jewell (2011) ‘The three perspectives on energy security:
intellectual history, disciplinary roots and the potential for integration’, Current
Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, Volume 3, Issue 4, September 2011, Pages
202–212.

Michael J. Bradshaw, (2009) ‘The Geopolitics of Global Energy Security’,

Geography Compass, Volume 3, Issue 5, pages 1920–1937.
Wolf, Reinhard. "Why wealthy countries must not drop nuclear energy: coal power,
climate change and the fate of the global poor." International Affairs 91, no. 2 (2015):
287-301.

19
Jeff D. Colgan, ‘Oil and Revolutionary Governments: Fuel for International Conflict’,
International Organization / Volume 64 / Issue 04 / October 2010, pp 661-694.
Schwarz, Rolf, and Miguel de Corral. "Not a Curse at All: Why Middle Eastern Oil
States Fail and How it can be Prevented." Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 7,
no. 3 (2013): 402-422
State Capitalism:
Overbeek, Henk, and Bastiaan van Apeldoorn, eds. Neoliberalism in crisis. Palgrave
Macmillan, 2012.
Ian Bremmer (2009) ‘State Capitalism Comes of Age. The End of the Free Market?’
Foreign Affairs, May/June 2009.
Grugel, Jean, Pia Riggirozzi, and B. E. N. THIRKELL‐WHITE. "Beyond the

Washington Consensus? Asia and Latin America in search of more autonomous
development." International Affairs 84, no. 3 (2008): 499-517.
Cohen, Benjamin J. "Sovereign wealth funds and national security: the Great
Tradeoff." International Affairs 85, no. 4 (2009): 713-731.
Monaghan, Andrew. "The vertikal: power and authority in Russia." International

Affairs 88, no. 1 (2012): 1-16.
Further reading:

2009. (Chapter 5)
Florian Baumann, ‘Energy Security as Multidimensional Concept’. Center for

Applied Policy Research: Policy Analysis, No. 1; March 2008. (Available on
Blackboard)
New Rules of the Game; Brookings Institution 2009. (Chapter 15) (E-book)
World , Allen Lane (Chapter 13).
Thomas L. Friedman, ‘The First Law of Petropolitics’. Foreign Policy, May/June

2006. (Available on Blackboard)
Michael L. Ross, ‘Blood Barrels: Why Oil Wealth Fuels Conflict’. Foreign Affairs,
May/June 2008. (Available on Blackboard)
2002. (Chapter 1)
20
Roberts, Paul. The End of Oil: The Decline of the Petroleum Economy and the Rise
of a New Energy Order. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC; 2005. (Chapter 1)
Kaygusuz, Kamil. "Energy for sustainable development: A case of developing

countries." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16, no. 2 (2012): 1116-1126.
Sovacool, Benjamin K., Christopher Cooper, Morgan Bazilian, Katie Johnson, David
Zoppo, Shannon Clarke, Jay Eidsness, Meredith Crafton, Thiyagarajan Velumail, and
Hilal A. Raza. "What moves and works: Broadening the consideration of energy
poverty." Energy Policy 42 (2012): 715-719.
Ürge-Vorsatz, Diana, and Sergio Tirado Herrero. "Building synergies between

climate change mitigation and energy poverty alleviation." Energy Policy 49 (2012):
83-90.
Birol, Fatih. "Energy economics: a place for energy poverty in the agenda?." The
Energy Journal (2007): 1-6.
Sagar, Ambuj D. "Alleviating energy poverty for the world's poor." Energy Policy 33,
no. 11 (2005): 1367-1372.
21
Week 6 (30 October)
Essay Development
Week 7 (06 November)
Political Economy of Energy and Transparency
Seminar questions:
 In what ways did the state-formation of the oil-states in the Middle East differ
from the European experience?
 Abundant oil reserves always lead to a rise of authoritarian regimes. Do you

agree?
 In what ways do oil revenues hamper economic development?
Seminar reading (Political Economy of Energy):
Chapter 5: ‘The Political Economy of Global Resources’ by Wojciech Ostrowski in

Dannreuther, Roland, and Wojciech Ostrowski, eds. Global resources: conflict and
cooperation. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. [E-book: Core] (Available on Blackboard)
Rolf Schwarz (2008) ‘The Political Economy of State-Formation in the Arab Middle
East: Rentier States, Economic Reform, and Democratization’, Review of
International Political Economy, 15:4, 599-621. (Available on Blackboard)
Macartan Humphreys, Jeffrey D. Sachs, and Joseph E. Stiglitz. ‘What Is the Problem
with Natural Resource Wealth?’, Escaping the Resource Curse. In Macartan
Humphreys, Jeffrey D. Sachs, and Joseph E. Stiglitz. New York: Columbia University
Press, 2007. (Available on Blackboard)
Seminar reading (Transparency):
Benner, Thorsten; Soares de Oliveira, Ricardo with Kalinke, Frederic. (2010) ‘The
Good/Bad Nexus in Global Energy Governance.’ In Andreas Goldthau and Jan
Martin Witte, Global Energy Governance: The New Rules of the Game, Washington,
DC: Brookings Institution Press. [E-Book: Core] (Available on Blackboard)
Susan Ariel (2011) ‘Limited Partnership: Business, Government, Civil Society, and
the Public in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)’, Public
Administration and Development, 31 (1): 50–63. (Available on Blackboard)
James Van Alstine (2014) ‘Transparency in Resource Governance: The Pitfalls and
Potential of “New Oil” in Sub-Saharan Africa’, Global Environmental Politics,
Volume 14, Number 1, pp. 20-39. (Available on Blackboard)
22
Political Economy of Energy
Additional reading:
Chapter 15: Resource Governance (pages 244–264) by Andrew Bauer and Juan
Carlos Quiroz in Goldthau, Andreas, ed. The handbook of global energy policy. John
Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-book: Core]
Ross, Michael. ‘Does Oil Hinder Democracy?’ World Politics, Volume 53, Number
3, April 2001, pp. 325-361.
Raymond Hinnebusch, (2006) ‘Authoritarian persistence, democratization theory and

the Middle East: An overview and critique’, Democratization, 13:3, 373 – 395.
Martin Beck and Simone Hüser (2012) ‘Political Change in the Middle East: An
Attempt to Analyze the “Arab Spring”’, GIGA Working Papers (203). (Available on
Blackboard)

Karen Barkey and Sunita Parikh (1991) ‘Comparative Perspectives on the State.’
Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 17, pp. 523-549.
Further reading:
Michael L. Ross. The Oil Curse: How Petroleum Wealth Shapes the Development of
Nations, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013.
Thane Gustafson. Wheel of Fortune: The Battle for Oil and Power in Russia, Harvard:
Harvard University Press, 2012.
Steffen Hertog. Princes, Brokers, and Bureaucrats: Oil and the State in Saudi Arabia,
Cornell: Cornell University Press, 2011.
Ricardo Soares de Oliveira. Magnificent and Beggar Land: Angola Since the Civil
War, London: C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 2015.
Miguel Tinker Salas, The Enduring Legacy: Oil, Culture, and Society in Venezuela,
Duke: Duke University Press, 2009.
Burger, Christoph, and Jens Weinmann. The decentralized energy revolution:

business strategies for a new paradigm. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

2009. (Chapters 1, 12)
World , Allen Lane. (Chapter 5).
23
Gwenn Okruhlik. ‘Rentier Wealth, Unruly Law, and the Rise of Opposition: The
Political Economy of Oil States.’ Comparative Politics, Vol. 31, No. 3 (Apr., 1999),
pp. 295-315. (Available on Blackboard)
Jeffrey D. Sachs and Andrew M. Warner. ‘Natural Resources and Economic

Development. The curse of natural resources.’ European Economic Review 45 (2001)
827-838. (Available on Blackboard)
Anderson, Lisa. 1987. ‘The State in the Middle East and North Africa.’ Comparative
Politics, 20 (1): October, pp. 1–18.
Ayubi, Nazih. 2001. Over-Stating the Arab State. Politics and Society in Middle East.
London: I.B. Tauris Publishers.
Brynen, Rex. 1992. ‘Economic Crisis and Post-Rentier Democratization in the Arab
World: The Case of Jordan.’ Canadian Journal of Political Science, 25 (1): March,
pp. 69–97
Clark, John. 1997. ‘Petro-Politics in Congo.’ Journal of Democracy, 8 (3), pp. 62–76.
Crystal, Jill. 1990. Oil and Politics in the Gulf. Rulers and Merchants in Kuwait and
Qatar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Chapters 1, 2)
Dunning, Thad. 2005. ‘Resource Dependence, Economic Performance, and Political

Stability’, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49 (4): 451–482.
Entelis, John. 1996. ‘The Emergence of Civil Society in Algeria.’ In Augustus

Richard Norton (ed.), Civil Society in the Middle East: Volume Two. Leiden: E.J.
Brill.
Frynas, Jędrzej G. 2004. ‘The Oil Boom in Equatorial Guinea.’ African Affairs, 103
(413): October, pp. 527–546.
Karl, Terry L. 1997. The Paradox of Plenty. Oil Booms and Petro-States. Berkeley:
University Of California Press. (Chapters 1, 4, 9)
Ross, Michael . 1999. ‘The Political Economy of the Resource Curse,’ World Politics
51 (2, January), 297-322.
Skocpol, Theda. 1982. ‘Rentier State and Shi’a Islam in the Iranian Revolution.’
Theory and Society, 11 May, pp. 293–300.
Smith, Benjamin. 2004. ‘Oil Wealth and Regime Survival in the Developing World,
1960-1999.’ American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 48, No. 2 (Apr., 2004), pp.
232-246.
Soares de Oliveira, Ricardo. 2007. Oil and Politics in the Gulf of Guinea. New York:
Columbia University Press. (Chapters 1, 2, 3)
24
Yates, Douglas. 1996. The Rentier State in Africa. Oil Rent Dependency and
Neocolonialism in the Republic of Gabon. Trenton: Africa World Press, Inc.
(Chapters 1, 6)
Shaxson, Nicholas. 2007. Poisoned Wells: The Dirty Politics of African Oil. London:
Palgrave.
Luc Désiré Omgba. ‘On the Duration of Political Power in Africa: The Role of Oil
Rents.’ Comparative Political Studies, Volume 42 Number 3 March 2009 416-436.
Charles Tripp. A History of Iraq. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Homa Katouzian. Iran in the 21st Century: Politics, Economics and Conflict. London:
Routledge, 2007.
Dirk J. Vandewalle. Libya since independence : Oil and State-Building. Cornell

University Press, 1998.
Doug Stokes and Sam Raphael. (2010) Global Energy Security and American
Hegemony (Themes in Global Social Change), The Johns Hopkins University Press,
2010. (Chapters 5, 6)
Transparency
Additional reading:
Alexandra Gillies (2010) ‘Reputational Concerns and the Emergence of Oil Sector
Transparency as an International Norm’, International Studies Quarterly, Volume
54, Issue 1, pages 103–126, March.
Terry Lynn Karl. ‘Ensuring Fairness: The Case for a Transparent Fiscal Social
Contract.’ in ‘Escaping the Resource Curse’ Edited by Macartan Humphreys, Jeffrey
D. Sachs, and Joseph E. Stiglitz New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.
Kerem Öge (2014) The Limits of Transparency Promotion in Azerbaijan: External

Remedies to ‘Reverse the Curse’, Europe-Asia Studies, 66:9, 1482-1500. (Available
on Blackboard)
Kolstad, I. and A. Wiig, ‘Is Transparency the Key to Reducing Corruption in

Resource-Rich Countries?’ World Development, 2009; 37(3): 521–32.
Virginia Haufler (2010) ‘Disclosure as Governance: The Extractive Industries

Transparency Initiative and Resource Management in the Developing World’, Global
Environmental Politics, Vol. 10, No. 3, Pages 53-73.
Further reading:
Jedrzej George Frynas. ‘Corporate social responsibility in the oil and gas sector.’
Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 2009, Vol. 2, No. 3.
25
Emma Gilberthorpe and Gavin Hilson, Natural Resource Extraction and Indigenous,
London: Ashgate 2013.
Jędrzej G. Frynas. Beyond Corporate Social Responsibility: Oil Multinationals and

Social Challenges, Cambridge: Cambridge Univerity Press, 2010.
Joseph Siegle. ‘Governance strategies to remedy the natural resource curse.’

UNESCO, 2009.
Erika Weinthal and Pauline Jones Luong. ‘Combating the Resource Curse: An
Alternative Solution to Managing Mineral Wealth.’ Perspectives on Politics, March
2006 , Vol. 4/No. 1.
Frynas, Jedrzej George. Beyond Corporate Social Responsibility. Oil Multinationals

and Social Challenges. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Robert Ebel (ed.), Caspian Oil Windfalls: Who Will Benefit? Caspian Revenues
Watch: Open Society Institute – Central Eurasia Project, 2003.
‘Escaping the Resource Curse’ Edited by Macartan Humphreys, Jeffrey D. Sachs, and
Joseph E. Stiglitz New York: Columbia University Press, 2007. (Chapters 9, 11, 12)
ODI, ‘Meeting the Challenges of the ‘resource curse’. International Experience in

Managing the Risks and Realising the Opportunities of Non-Renewable Natural
Resource Revenues, 2006.
Paul Stevens, Evelyn Dietsche. ‘Resource curse: An analysis of causes, experiences

and possible ways forward.’ Energy Policy, 36 (2008) 56–65.
Mary Kaldon, Terr Lynn Karl and Yahia Said (ed.), Oil Wars. London: Pluto Press.
(Conclusion)
Andrew Rosser. ‘Escaping the Resource Curse: The Case of Indonesia.’ Journal of
Contemporary Asia; Feb 2007; 37, 1.
Amy R. Poteete. ‘Is Development Path Dependent or Political? A Reinterpretation of

Mineral-Dependent Development in Botswana.’ Journal of Development Studies, Vol.
45, No. 4, 544–571, April 2009.
‘Legal Remedies for the Resource Curse’. A Open Society Foundations, 2005.
Collier, Paul, The Bottom Billion. Oxford University Press, 2007. (Chapters 3, 4)
Global Witness, ‘Time for Transparency. Coming clean on oil, mining and gas
revenues.’ 2004.
A CAFOD briefing. ‘The rough guide to transparency and natural resource revenues’.
Jamali, Dima, and Yusuf Sidani, eds. CSR in the Middle East: Fresh perspectives.
Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
26
Politics of Global Energy Industry
Seminar questions:
 Why is Resource Nationalism a persistent feature of the modern oil industry?
 Are IOCs a thing of the past?
 What is new, what is old about emerging National Oil Companies?
 In what ways do emerging NOCs reshape the global oil industry?
Seminar reading:
Stevens, P., 2016. International oil companies: The death of the old business model.
Chatham House The Royal Institute of International Affairs.
https://www.chathamhouse.org/publication/international-oil-companies-death-old-
business-model%20
Chapter 9:’National Oil Companies: Ensuring Benefits and Avoiding Systemic Risks
(pages 146–155) by Charles McPherson in Goldthau, Andreas, ed. The handbook of
global energy policy. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-book: Core] (Available on
Blackboard)
Chapter 1: ‘Introduction and overview’ in Victor, David G., David R. Hults, and
Mark C. Thurber, eds. Oil and governance: state-owned enterprises and the world
energy supply. Cambridge University Press, 2011. [E-book: Core] (Available on
Blackboard)
Wilson, Jeffrey D. "Understanding resource nationalism: economic dynamics and

political institutions." Contemporary Politics (2015): 1-18. (Available on Blackboard)
Chapter 8: ‘The Rise Of National Oil Companies: Transformation of the Neoliberal

Global Energy Order?’ ; N.De Graaff in Neoliberalism in Crisis, Edited by Henk
Overbeek and Bastiaan van Apeldoorn (eds.), Palgrave 2012. pp. (161-178) [E-book:
Additional reading:
‘Supermajordämmerung: The day of the huge integrated international oil company is

drawing to a close’ The Economist, Aug 3rd 2013.
Vlado Vivoda. ‘Resource Nationalism, Bargaining and International Oil Companies:

Challenges and Change in the New Millennium.’ New Political Economy, Vol. 14,
No. 4, December 2009.
27
Chapter 8: ‘Sector Legal Frameworks and Resource Property Rights’by Evelyn
Dietsche in Dannreuther, Roland, and Wojciech Ostrowski, eds. Global resources:
conflict and cooperation. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. [E-book: Core)
Paul Stevens. ‘National oil companies and international oil companies in the Middle
East: Under the shadow of government and the resource nationalism cycle.’ Journal
of World Energy Law & Business, 2008, Vol. 1, No. 1.
Andrea Goldstein. (2009) ‘New Multinationals from Emerging Asia: The Case of
National Oil Companies.’ Asian Development Review, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 26–56.
‘Chapter 6: Corruption in the Petroleum Sector’ Charles McPherson and Stephen

MacSearraigh in The Many Faces of Corruption: Tracking Vulnerabilities at the
Sector Level. (eds). J. Edgardo Campos, Sanjay Pradhan, 2007.
Carola Hoyos, ‘The New Seven Sisters: Oil and Gas Giants Dwarf Western Rivals’.
FT.com, March 2007.

2009. (Chapter 2, 11)
Sawyer, Suzana, and Edmund Terence Gomez. The Politics of Resource Extraction:
Indigenous Peoples, Multinational Corporations and the State. Palgrave Macmillan,
2012
Further reading:
Mazaheri, Nimah. "Oil Wealth, Colonial Legacies, and the Challenges of Economic
Liberalization." Political Research Quarterly (2014).
Marcel, Valerie. Oil Titans: National Oil Companies in the Middle East. London:
Chatham House, 2006. (Chapters 1, 2)
Silverstein, Ken. ‘Invisible Hands: The Secret World of the Oil Fixer’. Harpers
Magazine, 2009.
James Ferguson. ‘Seeing Like an Oil Company: Space, Security, and Global Capital
in Neoliberal Africa.’ American Anthropologist, Vol. 107, Issue 3, pp. 377–382.
Bindemann, Kristen. Production-Sharing Agreements: An Economic Analysis. Oxford

Institute for Energy Studies, WPM 25, 1999. (Chapters 1, 2, 3)
Shaxson, Nicholas. ‘New approaches to volatility: dealing with the ‘resource curse’ in
sub-Saharan Africa.’ International Affairs 81, 2, 2005.
New Rules of the Game; Brookings Institution 2009. (Chapter 6) (E-book)
Ian Bremmer; Robert Johnston. ‘The Rise and Fall of Resource Nationalism’.
Survival, vol. 51 no. 2, April–May 2009. pp. 149–158.
28
Donald L. Losman. ‘The Rentier State and National Oil Companies: An Economic
And Political Perspective.’ MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL, Volume 64, No. 3, summer
2010.
Soares de Oliveeira, Ricardo. 2007. ‘Business success, Angola-Style: Postcolnial

politics and the rise and rise of Sonagal’, Journal of Modern African Studies, 45:2, pp.
595-619.
Shaxson, Nicholas. Poisoned Wells: The Dirty Politics of African Oil. London:
Palgrave, 2007. (Chapters 4, 5)
Soares de Oliveira, Ricardo. Oil and Politics in the Gulf of Guinea. New York:
Columbia. University Press, 2007. (Chapters 3, 4, 5)
Frynas, Jedrzej George. Beyond Corporate Social Responsibility. Oil Multinationals

and Social Challenges. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. (Chapter 3)
Øystein Noreng. ‘Norway: Economic Diversification And The Petroleum Industry.’

Middle East Economic Survey. VOL. XLVII, No 45, 8-November-2004.
Paul Stevens. ‘The Coming Oil Supply Crunch.’ A Chatham House Report, 2009.
‘Escaping the Resource Curse’ Edited by Macartan Humphreys, Jeffrey D. Sachs, and
Joseph E. Stiglitz New York: Columbia University Press, 2007. (Chapters 3, 4)
2002. (Chapter 3)
Vitalis, Robert. America’s Kingdom: Mythmaking on the Saudi Frontier Stanford,

CA: Stanford University Press, 2007.
(Chapters 1, 5, 7, 13)
Bridge, G. 2008. ‘Global Production Networks and the Extractive Sector: governing
resource-based development’, Journal of Economic Geography 8 (3) March.
Read, Colin. BP and the Macondo spill: the complete story. Palgrave Macmillan,
2011.
Fox, Loren. Enron: The rise and fall. John Wiley and Sons, 2003.
29
Sustainable Development
Seminar questions:
 ‘Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs.’ Is the 1980s definition
of sustainable development still relevant today?
 ‘Vested interests actively hamper the rise of the renewable industry.’ Do you
agree with this claim?
 What problems and opportunities does the neoliberal capitalist framework

pose for the low-carbon transition project?
Seminar reading:
Du Pisani, Jacobus A. "Sustainable development–historical roots of the concept."

Environmental Sciences 3, no. 2 (2006): 83-96. (Available on Blackboard)
Gough, Ian (2015) ‘Welfare states and environmental states: a comparative analysis.’
Environmental Politics. pp. 1-24. (Available on Blackboard)
Moe, Espen. "Energy, industry and politics: Energy, vested interests, and long-term
economic growth and development." Energy 35, no. 4 (2010): 1730-1740. (Available
on Blackboard)
Chapter 3: Sustainability, Climate Change, and Transition in Global Energy (pages

48–63) by Michael Bradshaw in Goldthau, Andreas, ed. The handbook of global
energy policy. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-Book: Core] (Available on Blackboard)
Additional reading:
Gunderson, Ryan. "Environmental sociology and the Frankfurt School 1: reason and
capital." Environmental Sociology 1, no. 3 (2015): 224-235.
Gunderson, Ryan. "Environmental sociology and the Frankfurt School 2: ideology,

techno-science, reconciliation." Environmental Sociology (2015): 1-13.


Further reading:
30
MacKay, David. Sustainable Energy-without the hot air. UIT Cambridge, 2008.
Stoner, James AF. Global sustainability as a business imperative. Palgrave

Macmillan, 2010.
Renewables:
Toke, David. Ecological modernisation and renewable energy. Palgrave Macmillan,

2011.
Sovacool, Benjamin K. "The importance of comprehensiveness in renewable

electricity and energy-efficiency policy." Energy Policy 37, no. 4 (2009): 1529-1541.
Moe, Espen. "Vested interests, energy efficiency and renewables in Japan." Energy
Policy 40 (2012): 260-273.
Uba, Katrin. "Who formulates renewable-energy policy? A Swedish example."

Energy Policy 38, no. 11 (2010).
Liu, Li-qun, Chun-xia Liu, and Jing-si Wang. "Deliberating on renewable and
sustainable energy policies in China." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 17
(2013): 191-198.
Shum, Robert Y. "Where constructivism meets resource constraints: the politics of

oil, renewables, and a US energy transition." Environmental Politics 24, no. 3 (2015):
382-400.
Aklin, Michaël, and Johannes Urpelainen. "Political competition, path dependence,

and the strategy of sustainable energy transitions." American Journal of Political
Science 57, no. 3 (2013): 643-658.
Ball, Jeffrey. "Tough Love for Renewable Energy." Foreign Affairs 91, no. 3 (2012):
122-133.
Hofman, Daan M., and Ronald Huisman. "Did the financial crisis lead to changes in
private equity investor preferences regarding renewable energy and climate
policies?." Energy Policy 47 (2012): 111-116.
Marques, António Cardoso, and José Alberto Fuinhas. "Is renewable energy effective
in promoting growth?." Energy Policy 46 (2012): 434-442.
Fuss, Sabine, Jana Szolgayová, Nikolay Khabarov, and Michael Obersteiner.

"Renewables and climate change mitigation: Irreversible energy investment under
uncertainty and portfolio effects." Energy Policy 40 (2012): 59-68.
Abdmouleh, Zeineb, Rashid AM Alammari, and Adel Gastli. "Review of policies

encouraging renewable energy integration & best practices." Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 45 (2015): 249-262.
31
Hirschl, Bernd. "International renewable energy policy—between marginalization and
initial approaches." Energy Policy 37, no. 11 (2009): 4407-4416.
Van de Graaf, Thijs. "Fragmentation in global energy governance: explaining the

creation of IRENA." Global Environmental Politics 13, no. 3 (2013): 14-33.
Hillebrand, Rainer. "Climate protection, energy security, and Germany’s policy of

ecological modernisation." Environmental Politics 22, no. 4 (2013): 664-682.
Boisvert, Will. "Green energy bust in Germany." Dissent 60, no. 3 (2013): 62-70.
Toke, David, Fionnguala Sherry; Brennan, Richard Cowell, Geraint Ellis, and Peter
Strachan. "Scotland, renewable energy and the independence debate: will head or
heart rule the roost?." The Political Quarterly 84, no. 1 (2013): 61-70.
Anandarajah, Gabrial, and Neil Strachan. "Interactions and implications of renewable

and climate change policy on UK energy scenarios." Energy Policy 38, no. 11 (2010):
6724-6735.
Carafa, L. "Policy and Markets in the MENA: The Nexus between Governance and
Renewable Energy Finance." Energy Procedia 69 (2015): 1696-1703.
Dent, Christopher M. "Renewable energy and East Asia's new developmentalism:

towards a low carbon future?." The Pacific Review 25, no. 5 (2012): 561-587.
Schreurs, Miranda A. "CLIMATE CHANGE POLITICS IN AN AUTHORITARIAN

STATE: THEAMBIVALENT CASEOFCHINA." The Oxford Handbook of Climate
Change and Society (2011): 449.
Zhang, Xiliang, Shiyan Chang, and Martinot Eric. "Renewable energy in China: An
integrated technology and policy perspective." Energy Policy 51 (2012): 1-6.
Wang, Feng, Haitao Yin, and Shoude Li. "China’s renewable energy policy:
commitments and challenges." Energy Policy 38, no. 4 (2010): 1872-1878.
Hildingsson, Roger, Johannes Stripple, and Andrew Jordan. "Governing renewable

energy in the EU: confronting a governance dilemma." european political science 11,
no. 1 (2012): 18-30.
Tews, Kerstin. "Europeanization of Energy and Climate Policy The Struggle Between
Competing Ideas of Coordinating Energy Transitions." The Journal of Environment &
Development (2015).
Lauber, Volkmar, and Elisa Schenner. "The struggle over support schemes for
renewable electricity in the European Union: a discursive-institutionalist analysis."
Environmental politics 20, no. 4 (2011): 508-527.
Jacobsen, Henrik Klinge, Lise Lotte Pade, Sascha Thorsten Schröder, and Lena
Kitzing. "Cooperation mechanisms to achieve EU renewable targets." Renewable
Energy 63 (2014): 345-352.
32
Kitzing, Lena, Catherine Mitchell, and Poul Erik Morthorst. "Renewable energy
policies in Europe: Converging or diverging?." Energy Policy 51 (2012): 192-201.
Μichalena, Evanthie, and Jeremy M. Hills. "Renewable energy issues and

implementation of European energy policy: The missing generation?." Energy policy
45 (2012): 201-216.
Jacobsson, Staffan, Anna Bergek, Dominique Finon, Volkmar Lauber, Catherine

Mitchell, David Toke, and Aviel Verbruggen. "EU renewable energy support policy:
Faith or facts?." Energy policy 37, no. 6 (2009): 2143-2146.
West, J., I. Bailey, and M. Winter. "Renewable energy policy and public perceptions
of renewable energy: A cultural theory approach." Energy Policy 38, no. 10 (2010):
5739-5748.
Delmas, Magali A., and Maria J. Montes-Sancho. "US state policies for renewable
energy: Context and effectiveness." Energy Policy 39, no. 5 (2011): 2273-2288.
Flynn, Brendan. "Ecological modernisation of a ‘Cinderella renewable’? The

emerging politics of global ocean energy." Environmental Politics 24, no. 2 (2015):
249-269.
Yi, Hongtao, and Richard C. Feiock. "Renewable energy politics: policy typologies,
policy tools, and state deployment of renewables." Policy Studies Journal 42, no. 3
(2014): 391-415.
Herring, Horace. "Renewables: The energy alternative?." Environmental Politics 7,

no. 1 (1998): 241-244.
Bardi, Ugo. "The grand challenge of the energy transition." Frontiers in Energy
Research 1 (2013): 2.
Bouzarovski, Stefan, Michael Bradshaw, and Alexander Wochnik. "Making territory

through infrastructure: The governance of natural gas transit in Europe." Geoforum 64
(2015): 217-228.
Bocse, Alexandra-Maria. "Transnational policy networks and the European Union's

energy policy." Contemporary Politics 21, no. 3 (2015): 294-307.
Leal-Arcas, Rafael, Juan Alemany Ríos, and Costantino Grasso. "The European
Union and its energy security challenges: engagement through and with networks."
Contemporary Politics 21, no. 3 (2015): 273-293.
Benson, David, and Duncan Russel. "Patterns of EU Energy Policy Outputs:

Incrementalism or Punctuated Equilibrium?." West European Politics 38, no. 1
(2015): 185-205.
33
Nuclear energy:
Subramanian, R. R. "The Politics of Nuclear Energy." Strategic Analysis 34, no. 6

(2010): 806-811.
Nayan, Rajiv. "The Global Quest for Nuclear Energy: Opportunity, Constraints and
Prospects." Strategic Analysis 34, no. 6 (2010): 812-817.
Chapter 1: Nuclear Energy and Non-Proliferation (pages 205–223) by Yury Yudin in

Goldthau, Andreas, ed. The handbook of global energy policy. John Wiley & Sons,
2013. [E-book: Core]
Sovacool, Benjamin K., and Scott Victor Valentine. "The socio-political economy of
nuclear energy in China and India." Energy 35, no. 9 (2010).
Tanter, Richard. "After Fukushima: a survey of corruption in the global nuclear power
industry." Asian Perspective 37, no. 4 (2013): 475-500.
Koerner, Cassandra L. "Media, fear, and nuclear energy: A case study." The Social
Science Journal 51, no. 2 (2014): 240-249.
Nuclear or Not?: Does Nuclear Power Have a Place in a Sustainable Energy Future?
(Energy, Climate and the Environment) 2010 by David Elliott.
Thomas C. Hoerber. The Origins of Energy and Environmental Policy in Europe: The
Beginnings of a European Environmental Conscience, London: Routledge, 2014.
Nuclear security:
Gartzke, Erik, Jeffrey M. Kaplow, and Rupal N. Mehta. "The determinants of nuclear
force structure." Journal of Conflict Resolution 58, no. 3 (2014): 481-508.
Paul, T. V. "Taboo or tradition? The non-use of nuclear weapons in world politics."

Review of International Studies 36, no. 04 (2010): 853-863.
Narang, Vipin. "What does it take to deter? Regional power nuclear postures and
international conflict." Journal of Conflict Resolution 57, no. 3 (2013): 478-508.
Cravens, Gwyneth. "Terrorism and nuclear energy: understanding the risks." The
Brookings Review 20, no. 2 (2002): 40.
Vanderheiden, Steve. "Confronting risks: regulatory responsibility and nuclear

energy." Environmental Politics 20, no. 5 (2011): 650-667.
34
Low-Carbon Transitions: The Case of UK
Guest Speaker: Tom Watson
Seminar readings:
‘Setting the Stage for the Energy Transition’ Vincent Lagendijk and Geert Verbong in
Governing the Energy Transition, Reality, Illusion or Necessity? Edited by Geert
Verbong, Derk Loorbach Routledge 2012 [E-book]
Unruh, G.C. (2000) ‘Understanding carbon lock-in.’ Energy Policy 28: 817-830.
Bridge, G., Bouzarovski, S., Bradshaw, M. and Eyre, N. (2012), Geographies of

energy transition: Space, place and the low-carbon economy, 53:331-340. (Available
on Blackboard)
Additional Readings on Low-Carbon Transitions:
Governing the Energy Transition, Reality, Illusion or Necessity? Edited by Geert

Verbong, Derk Loorbach Routledge 2012
Transitions to Sustainable Development, New Directions in the Study of Long Term

Transformative Change Edited by John Grin, Jan Rotmans, Johan Schot Routledge
2010
Heiskanen, E., Johnson, M., Robinson, S., Vadovics, E. and Saastamoinen, M. (2010)
Low-carbon communities as a context for individual behavioural change. Energy
Policy, 38, 7586–7595.
Geels, F.W. (2014), Regime resistance against low-carbon transitions: Introducing

politics and power into the multi-level perspective, Theory, Culture & Society, 0(0):1-
20.
Low-Carbon Transitions: Concepts and Theories
Lockwood, M., Kuzemko, C., Mitchell, C. and Hoggett, R., 2017. Historical
institutionalism and the politics of sustainable energy transitions: A research agenda.
Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 35(2), pp.312-333.
Lockwood, M., Kuzemko, C., Mitchell, C. and Hoggett, R., 2013. Theorising
governance and innovation in sustainable energy transitions. University of Exeter.
Unruh, G.C. (2000) ‘Understanding carbon lock-in.’ Energy Policy 28: 817-830.
Kuzemko, C., Lawrence, A. and Watson, M., 2019. New directions in the
international political economy of energy. Review of International Political Economy,
26(1), pp.1-24.
35
Tynkkynen, V.P., Balmaceda, M., Högselius, P., Johnson, C., Pleines, H. and Rogers,
D., 2019. Energy materiality: A conceptual review of multi-disciplinary approaches.
Energy Research & Social Science, 56.
Newell, Peter, and Dustin Mulvaney. "The political economy of the ‘just transition’."
The Geographical Journal 179, no. 2 (2013): 132-140. (Available on Blackboard)
Circular Economy:
Allwood, J.M. (2014). Squaring the circular economy: The role of recycling within a
hierarchy of material management strategies. Handbook of Recycling. Chapter 30,
445-477.
Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2013a). Towards the circular economy: Economic and
business rationale for an accelerated transition, Vol. 1.
European Commission. (2014). Towards a circular economy: a zero waste

programme for Europe. (COM(2014) 398).
European Commission. (2015). Closing the loop - An EU action plan for the Circular
Economy. (COM(2015) 614).
European Environment Agency. (2016). Circular economy in Europe: Developing the

knowledge base.
Haas, W., Krausmann, F., Wiedenhofer, D., & Heinz, M. (2015). How circular is the
global economy?: an assessment of material flows, waste production, and recycling in
the European union and the world in 2005. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 19(5), 765-
777.
O'Brien, M., Miedzinski, M., Giljum, S., & Doranova, A. (2014). Eco-Innovation:
Enabling the transition to a resource-efficient circular economy. Annual Report 2
36
Week 11 (4 December)
International Politics and Climate Change
Seminar questions:
 Why did the decision-making framework which had developed over two
decades of sustained international negotiations not yield the desired outcomes
during the Copenhagen summit in 2009?
 Why do environmentalists see sovereign nation-states as an obstacle to solving

climate change dilemma?
 The power of emerging developing states render the reliance on the idea of the
North/South divide largely redundant in the current climate change
negotiations. Discuss.
 Is an effective climate change policy compatible with higher levels of

economic prosperity for everyone? Or is it predicated on diminished economic
prospects, whether in absolute or relative terms, at least for some?
Seminar reading:
Chapter 14: ‘Energy Governance in the Era of Climate Change’ by Joseph A.

Camilleri in Anceschi, Luca, and Jonathan Symons, eds. Energy Security in the Era of
Climate Change: The Asia-Pacific Experience. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. [E-book:
Hurrell, Andrew, and Sandeep Sengupta. "Emerging powers, North–South relations

and global climate politics." International Affairs 88, no. 3 (2012): 463-484.
Chapter 15: ‘The Nation-State, International Society, and the Global Environment’ by
Robert Falkner in Falkner, Robert. The handbook of global climate and environment
policy. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-Book: Core] (Available on Blackboard)
Falkner, Robert, Hannes Stephan, and John Vogler. "International climate policy after
Copenhagen: Towards a ‘building blocks’ approach." Global Policy 1, no. 3 (2010):
252-262. (Available on Blackboard)
Falkner, R., 2016. The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate
politics. International Affairs, 92(5), pp.1107-1125. (Available on Blackboard)
Additional reading:
Vogler, John. Climate Change in World Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
Kate O’Neill. The Environment and International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge

University, 2009.
37
Chapter 20: ‘International Negotiations’ by Radoslav S. Dimitrov in Falkner, Robert.
The handbook of global climate and environment policy. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
[E-Book: Core]
Bailey, Ian, and Hugh Compston, eds. Feeling the heat: The politics of climate policy
in rapidly industrializing countries. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. [E-Book]
Further reading:

Chapter 16: ‘Transnational Environmental Activism’ by Susan Park in Falkner,

Robert. The handbook of global climate and environment policy. John Wiley & Sons,
2013. [E-Book: Core]
Chapter 19: ‘Strengthening the United Nations’ by Steffen Bauer in Falkner, Robert.
[E-Book: Core]
Chapter 20: ‘International Negotiations’ by Radoslav S. Dimitrov in Falkner, Robert.

[E-Book: Core]
Chapter 28: ‘International Aid and Adaptation to Climate Change’ by Jessica M.

Ayers and Achala Chandani Abeysinghe in Falkner, Robert. The handbook of global
climate and environment policy. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-Book: Core]
Chapter 9: ‘Global Governance’ by Johannes Stripple and Hannes Stephan in Falkner,

Robert. The handbook of global climate and environment policy. John Wiley & Sons,
2013. [E-Book: Core]
Chapter 12: ‘Green Growth’ by Michael Jacobs in Falkner, Robert. The handbook of
global climate and environment policy. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. [E-Book: Core]
Security and climate change:
Bamidele, Oluwaseun. "Climate Change, War, and Global Struggle." Peace Review
25, no. 4 (2013): 510-517.
Chapter 10: ‘Global Environmental Security’ by Simon Dalby in Falkner, Robert. The
Book: Core]
Barnett, Jon, and W. Neil Adger. "Climate change, human security and violent
conflict." Political geography 26, no. 6 (2007): 639-655.
38
Knight, Tamela. "Climate change and violent conflicts." Peace Review 25, no. 1
(2013): 83-88.
Trombetta, Maria Julia. "Environmental security and climate change: analysing the
discourse." Cambridge Review of International Affairs 21, no. 4 (2008): 585-602.
Gautam, P. K. "Climate change and conflict in South Asia." Strategic Analysis 36, no.
1 (2012): 32-40.
Briggs, Chad Michael. "Climate security, risk assessment and military planning."
International affairs 88, no. 5 (2012): 1049-1064.
Davis, Carmel. "Climate change and civil war." African Security Review 19, no. 1
(2010): 64-72.
Brown, Oli, Anne Hammill, and Robert McLeman. "Climate change as

the'new'security threat: implications for Africa." International Affairs (2007): 1141-
1154.
Coal and Climate Change
John Urry ‘The Problem of Energy’ Theory, Culture & Society, September 2014 31:
3-20, first published on July 1, 2014
Tyfield, David. "‘King Coal is Dead! Long Live the King!’: The Paradoxes of Coal's
Resurgence in the Emergence of Global Low-Carbon Societies." Theory, Culture &
Society (2014): 0263276414537910.
Martin, Richard. Coal Wars: The Future of Energy and the Fate of the Planet.
Macmillan, 2015.
Clark N and Yusoff K (2014) Combustion and society: A fire-centred history of

energy use. Theory, Culture & Society 31(5).
Barak, On. "OUTSOURCING: ENERGY AND EMPIRE IN THE AGE OF COAL,

1820–1911." International Journal of Middle East Studies 47, no. 03 (2015): 425-445.
39
Week 12 (11 December)
Local Politics, Populism and Climate Change
Contributor: Fleur Disney
Seminar questions:
 What is the Anthropocene era?
 Is climate change essentially an issue of justice?
 Are politicians addressing the issue with the speed that the science mandates?
Seminar reading:
Benson, Melinda Harm, and Robin Kundis Craig. "The end of sustainability." Society
& Natural Resources 27, no. 7 (2014): 777-782. (Available on Blackboard)
Knight, Jasper. "Anthropocene futures: People, resources and sustainability." The

Anthropocene Review (2015). (Available on Blackboard)
Dryzek, John S., and Alex Y. Lo. "Reason and rhetoric in climate communication."
Environmental Politics 24, no. 1 (2015): 1-16. (Available on Blackboard)
Chapter 14: ‘Climate Change Justice’ by Edward Page in Falkner, Robert. The
Book: Core] (Available on Blackboard)
Additional reading:
Vogler, John. Climate Change in World Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
Energy and Ethics: Justice and the Global Energy Challenge. Palgrave 2013
Nuclear or Not?: Does Nuclear Power Have a Place in a Sustainable Energy Future?
(Energy, Climate and the Environment) 2010 by David Elliott.
Kate O’Neill. The Environment and International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge

University, 2009.
Aleh Cherp, Jessica Jewell, Andreas Goldthau, ‘Governing Global Energy: Systems,
Transitions, Complexity’, Global Policy, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2011.
Neil Hirst and Antony Froggatt, ‘The Reform of Global Energy Governance’
Grantham Discussion Paper, December 2012.
Jeffrey Mazo, ‘Who Owns the North Pole?,’ Survival, Volume 56, Issue 1, 2014.
40
Jeffrey Mazo, ‘Climate Change: Strategies of Denial’, Survival, Volume 55, Issue 4,
2013.
Shiloh Fetzek & Jeffrey Mazo (2014) ‘Climate, Scarcity and Conflict’, Survival, 56:5,
143-170.
Brenda Shaffer, Energy Politics. (Chapter 6; Conclusion)
Antony Froggatt and Michael A. Levi (2009) ‘Climate and energy security policies
and measures: synergies and conflicts.’ International Affairs, Volume 85, Issue
6, pages 1129–1141, November. (Available on Blackboard)
Local Politics and Climate Change:
Gibbs, D., Jonas, A. and While, A., 2002. ‘Changing governance structures and the
environment: economy–environment relations at the local and regional scales’.
Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 4(2), pp.123-138.
Herrschel, T., 2013. ‘Competitiveness and sustainability: can ‘smart city regionalism’
square the circle?’. Urban Studies, p.0042098013478240.
While, A., Jonas, A.E. and Gibbs, D., 2004. ‘The environment and the entrepreneurial
city: searching for the urban ‘sustainability; fix’in Manchester and Leeds’.
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 28(3), pp.549-569. (Available

on Blackboard)
Zeemering, E.S., 2009. ‘What does sustainability mean to city officials?’. Urban
Affairs Review.
Populism and Climate Change:
Matthew Lockwood (2018) Right-wing populism and the climate change agenda:
exploring the linkages, Environmental Politics, 27:4
Fraune, C. and Knodt, M., 2018. Sustainable energy transformations in an age of

populism, post-truth politics, and local resistance. Energy Research & Social Science,
43, pp.1-7
Stegemann, L. and Ossewaarde, M., 2018. A sustainable myth: A neo-Gramscian

perspective on the populist and post-truth tendencies of the European green growth
discourse. Energy research & social science, 43, pp.25-32.
McCright, A.M. and Dunlap, R.E., 2011. The politicization of climate change and
polarization in the American public’s view of global warming, 2001-2010.
Sociological Quarterly, 52, 155–194.
41
McCright, A.M., Dunlap, R.E., and Marquart-Pyatt, S.T., 2016. Political ideology and
views about climate change in the European Union. Environmental Politics, 25 (2),
338–358.
Jeffries, E., 2017. Nationalist advance. Nature: Climate Change, 7, 469–471.
Sustainable Cities:
Bulkeley, H., Castán Broto, V. & Edwards, G.A.S. (2012). Bringing climate change
to the city: towards low carbon urbanism? Local Environment: The International
Journal of Justice and Sustainability, 17(5):545–551. (Available on Blackboard)
Joss, S., Cowley, R. & Tomozeiu, D. (2013). Towards the ‘ubiquitous eco-city’: an
analysis of the internationalisation of eco-city policy and practice. Urban Research
and Practice, 6(1): 54–74. (Available on Blackboard)
Hodson, M. & Marvin, S. (2010). Urbanism in the anthropocene: Ecological urbanism

or premium ecological enclaves? Cities, 14(3):298–313. (Available on Blackboard)
Caprotti, F. (2015). Eco-Cities and the Transition to Low Carbon Economies.

Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Harvey, D. (1989). From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: The transformation of

urban governance in late capitalism. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human
Geography, 71(1): 3–17.
Joss, S. (2015). Sustainable Cities: Governing for Urban Innovation. London:

Palgrave Macmillan.
Martino, D. (2009). ‘Sustainable Cities’: No Oxymoron. Ethics, Place &

Environment, 12(2): 235–253.
Rees, W. & Wackernagel, M. (1996). Urban Ecological Footprints: Why Cities

Cannot be Sustainable - and Why They Are a Key to Sustainability. Environmental
Impact Assessment Review, 16: 223–248.
Swyngedouw, E. (2009). The Antinomies of the Postpolitical City: In Search of a

Democratic Politics of Environmental Production. International Journal of Urban and
Regional Research, 33(3): 601–620.
Taylor, P.J. (2012). Transition towns and world cities: towards green networks of
cities. Local Environment, 17(4): 495–508.
Wheeler, S.M & Beatley, T. (eds.) (2014). The Sustainable Urban Development
Reader. London: Routledge.
42
Essay Due: 13/January/2020
13:00
43
PERIODICALS AND OTHER SOURCES:
Geopolitics
Environmental Politics
New Political Economy
Global Environmental Politics
Energy Policy
Foreign Affairs
Survival
International Affairs
Environmental Ethics
Journal of Political Ecology
Political Geography
The Washington Quarterly
International Organizations
Economy and Society
Journal of Peace Research
Third World Quarterly
Platts:
www.platts.com
Energy Information Administration:

www.eia.doe.gov
International Energy Outlook:

www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/index.html
International Energy Agency (IEA):

www.iea.org
OPEC, World Oil Outlook:

http://www.opec.org
BP Statistical World Review:

www.bp.com/statisticalreview
Shell Scenarios:
www.shell.com/scenarios
EU Commission Energy Directorate

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/index_en.html
U.S. Department of Energy:

www.energy.gov
UK Department of Energy and Climate Change:

http://www.decc.gov.uk/
Atlantic Council Energy & Environment:
44
http://www.acus.org/program/energy-and-environment
Bipartisan Policy Center Energy Project:

http://bipartisanpolicy.org/projects/energy-project
Baker Institute Energy Forum:

http://bakerinstitute.org/programs/energy-forum
Belfer Center The Geopolitics of Energy Project:

http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/project/68/geopolitics_of_energy_project.html
Brookings Energy Security Initiative:

http://www.brookings.edu/about/projects/energy-security
Carnegie Endowment Program on Energy and Climate:

http://carnegieendowment.org/programs/global/index.cfm?fa=proj&id=108
Clingendael International Energy Programme:

http://www.clingendaelenergy.com/
Congressional Research Service:

http://ncseonline.org/nle/crs/
Council on Foreign Relations Energy/Environment:

http://www.cfr.org/issue/energyenvironment/ri17
CSIS Energy and National Security Program:

http://csis.org/program/energy-and-national-security
Independent Petroleum Association of America:

http://www.ipaa.org/economics-analysis- international/economic-reports/
Institute for Energy Research:

http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/
Newspapers and trade magazines:

You can access the Economist and Petroleum Economist via a library search. The
Financial Times comes via Factiva which means having to search for specific articles
(instructions below).
Factiva
You can access Factiva via Library Search, the University’s resource discovery tool,
at www.westminster.ac.uk/librarysearch.
Factiva gives access to over 9,000 publications from around the world, in a range of
languages including major international newspapers, regional titles, journals, stock
market data and pictures.
Search for articles on your topic
45
The first screen you see is called the Search Builder. Type keywords or phrases for
your topic in the Free Text Search box. Then click on the blue Search button.
Free Text search will allow you to create more advanced searches using standard
principles of AND, OR and NOT. Using these principles to combine keywords can
produce more relevant results.
Improve your search results
1. Search for keywords in particular parts of a document. This might be a useful

way to reduce the number of results and make them more relevant to your topic.
Doing the following will only retrieve documents where your keywords appear in the
headline or the lead paragraph of an article.
 Look at the bottom of the Search Builder screen at More Options
 Click the dropdown menu and select ‘Search for free-text terms in:
Headline and Lead Paragraph’
 Then proceed as normal with a Free Text search.
2. Limit the date range for your search. For a specific date range:
 Click on the dropdown menu next to Date and select one of the pre-set date
ranges. Alternatively select Enter date range… in order to specify an exact
start and end date
3. Select a single source to search. When you want articles from a single newspaper
or journal:
 Click on Source, located in the left hand menu on the screen, and type the
name of the newspaper or journal in the Search Source Name box
 Then click on the arrow to browse the titles available
 Click on the title to add it to your search. You should now see the title you
have selected, highlighted in orange, next to Source
 Repeat the last step to add another title to your search
TIP: When you click on Source you will also see a list of Groups that have been set
up for you. These are pre-defined collections of titles eg. Group: Newspapers: UK
(top) is a collection of the top UK newspapers.
Browse the news
To browse the latest newspapers select the News Pages tab from the top of the screen.
To see the full contents click on the Group Pages tab. For each title you can use the
dropdown menus to select which section of the newspaper you wish to read. You can
select any date from a two week archive.
Search for pictures

Do a Free text search for your topic, then switch to a list of Pictures using the tab at
the top of the results list.
46
Select a language for your search
Factiva indexes a large number of publications that are not in English. Doing the
following will limit your search to the language, or languages of your choice.
 Click on Language, located in the left hand menu on the screen, to see a list
of languages available
 Click on a language to add it to your search. You should now see your
selection, highlighted in orange, next to Language
Find company and stock market information
To search for information on a particular company select the Companies/Markets

tab at the top of the screen and select Company. Type the company name in the
Smart Lookup box. Select your chosen company from the results list to display a
company overview, reports and links to the latest news articles concerning this
company. Also in Companies/Markets section:
 Retrieve stock market prices by selecting Quotes
 Get an interactive chart with links to news by selecting Market Data Charts.
TIP: More detailed help on features in Companies/Markets section can be found via
the Customer Service option in the Tools menu.
View and print your results
Once you have a list of results you can manage them in a number of ways. Scroll
down through the list of results and use the checkboxes to select those articles of
interest to you. Then use the icon to view just the selected articles.
Click on the title of the article to view the full text.
Use to email your results. Use to format and print out your
results.
Use to format and save your results.
Getting more help with Factiva
Click on the Customer Service option in the Tools menu. Next select the Learning
tab to display the wide range of online help available.
Plagiarism and Academic Honesty
If carried out knowingly, cheating and plagiarism have the objectives of deceiving
examiners and gaining an unfair advantage over other students. This is unethical. It also
threatens the integrity of the assessment procedures and the value of the University’s
academic awards.
47
While you are studying here your academic performance will be assessed on the basis
of your own work. Anyone caught cheating in exams/in-class tests or through
coursework assignments will be subject to formal investigation in accordance with
Section 10 of the University Academic Regulations.
It is your responsibility to ensure that you are not vulnerable to any allegation that you
have breached the assessment regulations. Serious penalties are imposed on those
who cheat. These may include failure in a module or an element of a module,
suspension or exclusion from your course and withdrawal of academic credits
awarded previously for modules which have been passed.
Plagiarism
When you submit work for individual assessment, the work must be your own. If you
have included sections of text from other sources without referencing them correctly,
then you may be accused of plagiarism.
Plagiarism is defined as submission for assessment of material (written, visual or oral)
originally produced by another person or persons, without acknowledgement, in such
a way that the work could be assumed to be the student’s own.
Plagiarism may involve the unattributed use of another person’s work, including:
ideas, opinions, theory, facts, statistics, graphs, models, paintings, performance,
computer code, drawings, quotations of another person’s actual spoken or written
words, or paraphrases of another person’s spoken or written words.
Plagiarism covers both direct copying and copying or paraphrasing with only minor
adjustments. You must keep a careful record of all the sources you use, including all
internet material. It is your responsibility to ensure that you understand correct
referencing practices.
If you use text or data or drawings or designs or artefacts without properly
acknowledging who produced the material, then you are likely to be accused of
plagiarism.
Here are some simple dos and don’ts, to help you avoid plagiarism:
Do Do not!
Include references to all Rely on citing sources in your
sources at the point where they bibliography without making clear
appear in your text, either via a where they appear in your text
direct reference or foot note
Always use quotation marks to Take parts of other people’s
indicate someone else’s ideas sentences and incorporate them into
your own writing without making
clear that they are not your own
words
Reference diagrams, tables and Assume that plagiarism only refers to
other forms of data written words in prose narrative
Ensure the work you submit Recycle assessments or text from

for the module has not been previous assessments. This will also
previously submitted for other count as plagiarism and may result in
modules or assessments on you being referred for an academic
your course. offence.
Include full website references Simply cite the top-level page and
48
which make clear exactly expect your tutors to search for your
which page you referenced and source:
the date you accessed the
website. http://www.guardian.co.uk/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/edu
cation/2009/apr/18/university-
life-academic-cheating Date
accessed: 23/12/13
Students are also not permitted to re-present any assessment already submitted for one
module as if for the first time assessment in another module. Double counting of
assessed work is not normally allowed. If submitting work previously included in
another assessment the student should attribute the section of text from the earlier
work. This may be taken into account by the markers.
Always check with your Module Leader or Course Leader if you are unsure about
subject-specific conventions concerning referencing and attribution (eg in design-
based and creative subjects where there may be particular expectations about
referencing and/or copyright).
You can access a helpful tutorial about plagiarism in Blackboard. After signing in the
tutorial can be accessed from any page in Blackboard by clicking on the ‘Skills
Resources’ tab. Please consult the relevant Module Leader or your Course Leader if
you need any further advice.
Plagiarism Detection
To help eradicate plagiarism and thereby protect the value of your qualification all
modules include the requirement that your coursework must be submitted electronically
and checked by text-matching software. All coursework must be submitted via
Blackboard
Online feedback via GradeMark
The Department of Politics and International Relations offers online feedback on
written coursework via GradeMark (accessed via Blackboard).. Failure to submit your
essay via Blackboard will mean that your coursework will not be graded and
subsequently will not count towards your assessment for this module.
GradeMark gives academic staff a full-featured digital environment for grading and
commenting on student work. After grades are posted by the instructor, students can
access GradeMark to review comments and print or save a copy of the graded files.
Further information about GradeMark can be found online:
http://www.submit.ac.uk/resources/documentation/turnitin/sales/GradeMark_Overvie
w.pdf
Mitigating Circumstances
If illness or other unforeseen circumstances unavoidably prevent you from completing

your assessed work, or submitting it on time, you can submit an application for
Mitigating Circumstances (MCs) to be taken into consideration. If your MC claim is
accepted it will result in one of the following outcomes;
 Your original mark will be reinstated (for late work submitted up to 10
working days after the published deadlines);
49
 You will be offered an opportunity to sit the assessment without penalty at
the next available opportunity as a Deferral (in cases where you have
missed an assessment entirely).
The University operates a fit-to-sit policy for assessment. This means that if you
submit a piece of coursework or attend an exam or other time-limited assessment, you
are deemed to have declared yourself fit to attempt the assessment and must accept
the result of the assessment.
If you have missed a significant part of your studies due to ill health or other personal
problems, you must speak to your Course Leader and Personal Tutor, to discuss
whether you should suspend studies or request deferrals either for the individual
assessments, or entire modules.
If you are taken ill during an examination, you must notify the invigilator of the
reason for leaving the examination and you must go to your doctor, or an A&E unit
(in more serious cases), to obtain a diagnosis, which you will need when you submit
your MC claim.
If you miss an assessment or submit work late, you should submit an application in
writing using a Mitigating Circumstances claim form to your School Office,
supported by original documentary evidence (eg a medical certificate), at the earliest
available opportunity.
Mitigating Circumstances Boards meet throughout the year and it is in your best
interests to submit your claim as quickly as possible, normally within one month of
the circumstances occurring, as you will receive a decision on your claim much
earlier and will be in a better position to plan your studies for the remainder of the
year. Information about the final deadlines for claims is available via the
Mitigating Circumstances website: http://www.westminster.ac.uk/study/current-
students/your-studies/forms-and-procedures/mitigating-circumstances. Please note
that retrospective claims will not normally be considered, especially in cases where
the claim is being made after the release of the results for the assessment in question.
If you do submit an MC claim, you should not assume that it is necessarily going to
be accepted; it is your responsibility to make sure that you complete all assessment
requirements in a module as far as possible.
It is very important that you read Section 11 of the Handbook of Academic
Regulations, on Mitigating Circumstances, to find out what to do if you miss the
deadline for any piece of work; in most cases it is crucial that you submit the work or
participate in the assessment as soon as you possibly can. Late work will not normally
be accepted if it is received more than ten working days after the original coursework
deadline. If other students have already had their marked work returned, the same
assignment cannot be marked once submitted late.
Your MC claim will be considered by the Mitigating Circumstances Board. The
Mitigating Circumstances Board makes a decision on your claim that is later
communicated to the Assessment Board which meets at the end of the year to
formally ratify all of the results for your course.
The Mitigating Circumstances Board’s decision will be communicated to you by
email within 5 working days of the Board meeting and you will also be able to check
SRSWeb to see which deferrals you have been granted.
The University-wide criteria by which claims will be judged are standardised for
reasons of fairness and these are published in detail in Section 11 of the Handbook of
Academic Regulations, which you should read before submitting any claim. The
criteria for acceptance or rejection of an MC claim reflect work-based standards of
50
conduct and performance, and only those circumstances which are demonstrably
serious and likely to have affected your academic performance will be considered.
Penalties for late submission of coursework
The University operates a two-tier penalty system for late submission of coursework
and in-module assessment. This regulation applies to all students registered for an
award irrespective of their level of study. All University coursework deadlines are
scheduled between Monday and Thursday inclusive. Where possible, the submission
day will coincide with the day the module classes are normally taught. However, the
University does not allow submission deadlines to be set for Fridays.
If you submit your coursework late but within 24 hours or one working day of the
specified deadline, 10% of the overall marks available for that element of assessment
(ie 10%) will be deducted, as a penalty for late submission, except for work which
obtains a mark in the range 40 – 49%, in which case the mark will be capped at the
pass mark (40%).
If you submit your coursework more than 24 hours or more than one working day
after the specified deadline you will be given a mark of zero for the work in question.
Late work and any claim of Mitigating Circumstances relating to coursework must be
submitted at the earliest opportunity to ensure as far as possible that the work can still
be marked. You will normally have the right to submit coursework 10 working days
after the original deadline. Once the work of other students has been marked and
returned, late submissions of that same piece of work cannot be assessed.
Referral Opportunities
A referral in an item of assessment gives you the opportunity to resubmit coursework

for the module. A referral opportunity (or resit) may be awarded to those students
who have an overall module mark of between 30-39%. If you have been given the
opportunity to resubmit coursework and/or re-sit an examination the work will
normally be due to take place in July 2014.
NB: It is your responsibility to contact the Module Leader to obtain details of the
referral coursework deadlines and requirements
51

Syllabus Global Politics of Energy and Environmental Change 2019

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7PIRS011W

Global Politics of Energy and

Module Leader: Dr Wojciech Ostrowski

Office hours: Thursday 14:30 – 17:00

Summary of Module Content:

Teaching and Learning Methods:

Contributors and Guest Speakers:

Assessment methods and weightings:

 Session 3: International Relations and Energy (9 Oct)

 Session 4: Energy Markets (16 Oct)

 Session 7: Political Economy of Energy and Transparency (06 Nov)

 Session 8: Politics of Global Energy Industry (13 Nov)

 Session 9: Sustainable Development (20 Nov)

 Session 10: Low Carbon Transitions: The Case of UK (27 Nov)

 Session 11: International Politics and Climate Change (4 Dec)

 Session12: Local Politics, Populism and Climate Change (11 Dec)

Indicative Essay Questions:

2. ‘Petro-dollars are an important factor that keeps authoritarian regimes in

6. ‘Resources Nationalism is a cyclical phenomenon’. Discuss

A) WORD LIMIT POLICY

 You DO NOT need to attach a copy of the CA1 form;

To submit your assignment:

IT IS A REQUIREMENT THAT YOU SUBMIT YOUR WORK IN THIS

IF YOU SUBMIT YOUR COURSEWORK MORE THAN 24 HOURS OR MORE

LATE WORK AND ANY CLAIM OF MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES

ONCE THE WORK OF OTHER STUDENTS HAS BEEN MARKED AND

ESSAY GRADING SCHEME

Essay assessment is a complex process that cannot be reduced to a simple formula.

Introduction to Global Politics of Energy and Environmental Change

 Why do energy security concerns usually trump climate change concerns

 Is it possible to maintain energy security at the level that modern societies

Chapter 1: ‘Energy Security and Climate Security under Conditions of the

Chapter 4: ‘Can Energy Security and Effective Climate Change Policies Be

Chapter 1: ‘Global Climate Change’ by Matthew J. Hoffmann in Falkner, Robert. The

The Global Energy Challenge by Caroline Kuzemko, Michael F. Keating, Andreas

Bradshaw, Michael J. Global energy dilemmas: energy security, globalization, and

Political History of Global Energy

Chapter 6: ‘Corporations vs. States in the Shaping of Global Oil Regimes’ by

Chapters 2: ‘Minerals: Industry History and Fault Lines of Conflict’ by David

Shaffer Brenda. Energy Politics. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,

Timothy Mitchell. ‘Carbon Democracy.’ Economy and Society, Volume 38 Number 3

International Relations and Energy

The Global Energy Challenge by Caroline Kuzemko, Michael F. Keating, Andreas

Chapter 9: ‘Peak Oil: Myth or Impending Doom?’by Patrick Criqui in Dannreuther,

Chapter 10: ‘Peak Gas: Technology and Environmental Consequences’by Ariel

Institutions and cartels:

Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen, S. I. (2010) 'The United Nations and Global Energy

Castanias, Richard P. "A Test of the OPEC Cartel Hypothesis, 1974-1983:

BOĻCKEM, SABINE. "Cartel formation and oligopoly structure: a new assessment

Moran, Theodore H. "Modeling OPEC behavior: economic and political alternatives."

Venouss, Davar, C. K. Walker, and A. Frank Thompson. "OPEC’s Goal and

Shaffer Brenda. Energy Politics. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,

Guest Speaker: Dr Aura Sabadus

Chapter 7: The Breakout of Energy Innovation: Accelerating to a New Low Carbon

Chapter 8: Recent Trends in Upstream Petroleum Agreements: Policy, Contractual,

The Global Energy Challenge by Caroline Kuzemko, Michael F. Keating, Andreas

Keohane, R. and Milner, H. (1996) Internationalisation and Domestic Politics.

Lindblom, C.E. (1977) Politics and Markets. The World's Political-Economic