Professional Documents
Culture Documents
III
III
SCHOOL
Abegail Panes
Researchers
Jean Alad-Morales
Research Adviser
Rationale (ANGKAS)
Primary medical care is essential for every individual in the society and it is one of the
government's obligations to provide a unit especially in rural areas that helps aid the needs of
the people with regards to their health. Currently, most of the government does not supply
enough facilities and equipment. With this, patients are provided with a referral paper to
transfer to another unit or hospital for the service they need
A Rural Health Unit (RHU) is a unit that primarily provides physicians health care
services to medicare beneficiaries and medicaid recipients in rural areas who experience
shortage of personal health services or primary care manpower. In Minglanilla, the main RHU
is located in the Tiber and the other unit is in Lipata where the researchers have done their work
immersion.
In a study conducted by state think tank Philippine Institute for Development Studies
(PIDS) evaluating the Health Facilities Enhancement Program (HFEP) of the government, it
was noted that hospitals and infirmaries that received funding from the government to upgrade
their facilities showed higher volume of services than those that did not.
For this reason , this study is conducted to implement a better quality service for the
patients with improved equipment and facilities to provide in RHU II, Lipata.
The Problem
This study aims to assess the quality of facilities and equipment in Minglanilla Rural
Health Unit-II. Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:
1. What is the quality of facilities and equipment in Minglanilla Rural Health Unit-II?
2. What is the service quality of employees towards patients in Minglanilla Rural Health Unit-
II?
3. Is there a significant correlation between facility and equipment state and service quality
Hypotheses (VAL)
Alternative Hypothesis
There is a significant correlation between facility and equipment state and service
quality of employees towards patients in Rural Health Unit-II.
Null Hypothesis
There is no significant correlation between facility and equipment state and service
quality of employees towards patients in Rural Health Unit-II.
Research Methods (PASAY)
A request letter will be sent to the principal of Minglanilla Science High School (MSHS)asking
permission to conduct the study. After the approval of the principal, a letter of request will also
be sent to the industry supervisor of Minglanilla Rural Health Unit-II for the approval to
The data to be gathered will be measured. Through the responses on questions regarding
various health services, a composite measure of healthcare facility quality is determined. The
items are service availability, service readiness and processing of equipment for reuse.
Ehiri, J. E., Oyo-Ita, A. E., Anyanwu, E. C., Meremikwu, M. M., & Ikpeme, M. B. (2005).
Quality of child health services in primary health care facilities in south-east Nigeria. Child:
Care, Health and Development, 31(2), 181–191. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2004.00493.x
Lim, S. M., Cha, W. C., Chae, M. K., & Jo, I. J. (2015). Contamination during doffing of
personal protective equipment by healthcare providers. Clinical and experimental emergency
medicine, 2(3), 162.
May, C. R., Cummings, A., Girling, M., Bracher, M., Mair, F. S., May, C. M., … Finch, T.
(2018). Using Normalization Process Theory in feasibility studies and process evaluations of
complex healthcare interventions: a systematic review. Implementation Science,
13(1).doi:10.1186/s13012-018-0758-1
Nair, M., Baltag, V., Bose, K., Boschi-Pinto, C., Lambrechts, T., & Mathai, M. (2015).
Improving the quality of health care services for adolescents, globally: a standards-driven
approach. Journal of Adolescent health, 57(3), 288-298.
Scholz, S., Ngoli, B. & Flessa, S. Rapid assessment of infrastructure of primary health care
facilities – a relevant instrument for health care systems management. BMC Health Serv Res
15, 183 (2015) doi:10.1186/s12913-015-0838-8
Woodward, C. A., Ostbye, T., Craighead, J., Gold, G., & Wenghofer, E. F. (2000). Patient
Satisfaction as an Indicator of Quality Care in Independent Health Facilities: Developing and
Assessing a Tool to Enhance Public Accountability. American Journal of Medical Quality,
15(3), 94–105. doi:10.1177/106286060001500303
WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean
Care Is Safer Care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009. Appendix 1, Definitions of
health-care settings and other related terms.
Zhang, X., Yu, P., Yan, J. et al. Using diffusion of innovation theory to understand the factors
impacting patient acceptance and use of consumer e-health innovations: a case study in a
primary care clinic. BMC Health Serv Res 15, 71 (2015) doi:10.1186/s12913-015-0726-2
CHAPTER 1
Rationale (ANGKAS)
Theoretical Background
The study was supported by the two following theories: Normalization Process Theory
The Normalization Process Theory (NPT) recognizes and emphasizes the procedures
which promote current health techniques. This means that the theory discusses mechanisms
that have been empirically demonstrated to motivate and shape implementation processes and
affect their outcomes. From this, tools were developed to assist implementation practitioners
processes.
to examine and explain the impact of factors, in particular, the characteristics of innovations
EAS service.
and Equipment including its definitions and indications, characteristics, factors that can affect
Research Performance.
Primary health-care centre. A centre that provides services which are usually the first
point of contact with a health professional. They include services provided by general
used for the specific purposes of diagnosis and treatment of disease or rehabilitation following
disease or injury; it can be used either alone or in combination with any accessory, consumable
The theoretical background which shows the conceptual framework of the study in the
As shown in Figure 1
The Problem
This study aims to assess the quality of facilities and equipment in Minglanilla Rural
Health Unit-II. Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:
1. What is the quality of facilities and equipment in Minglanilla Rural Health Unit-II?
2. What is the service quality of employees towards patients in Minglanilla Rural Health Unit-
II?
3. Is there a significant correlation between facility and equipment state and service quality
Alternative Hypothesis
There is a significant correlation between facility and equipment state and service
quality of employees towards patients in Rural Health Unit-II.
Null Hypothesis
There is no significant correlation between facility and equipment state and service
quality of employees towards patients in Rural Health Unit-II.
the citizens could acquire proper and quality health care and avoid negligent and
general public ;
the government could be aware of the facilities and equipment required for improved
the community could depend on the accurate and appropriate health services of the
The general purpose of this study is to assess the quality of facilities and equipment for
an improved and sustained quality of care in health facilities and equipment for quality service.
The study will be conducted at Minglanilla Rural Health Unit-II located inside Lipata Central
The following operational definition of terms is provided for terms having special application
in this study.
purpose.
variables,when two things are correlated, it means that they vary together.
Online Information Literate. Refers to the people who recognizes misleading and false
CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, research environment, research respondents,
data gathering procedure, research instrument, and the statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
This is a descriptive study of the quality of facilities and equipment of Minglanilla Rural
Health Unit-II. Quality was defined and assessed using the framework for quality assessment
developed by Donabedian (2005). This framework has been widely validated and successfully
used in a range of other studies of healthcare quality (Karel 1993; Haller et al. 1998; Handler
Research Environment
This study was conducted at Minglanilla Rural Health Unit-II located inside Lipata
Central Elementary School, Linao-Lipata, Minglanilla, Cebu. The RHU 2 caters to a total
population of 84,762 coming from the different barangays of Minglanilla 2 namely: Calajoan,
Camp 7, Camp 8, Cuanos, Linao, Lipata, Manduang, Pakigne and Tungkil which is under their
scope of responsibility.
Research Respondents
The respondents of this study are the selected Minglanilla Rural Health Unit-II staff
primarily:the resident physician,the assigned nurses, midwives and barangay health workers.
A request letter will be sent to the principal of Minglanilla Science High School
(MSHS) asking permission to conduct the study. After the approval of the principal, a letter of
request will also be sent to the industry supervisor of Minglanilla Rural Health Unit-II for the
The informants will answer the health facility questionnaire namely Kenya Service
Availability and Readiness Assessment and Mapping (SARAM). After answering the survey
Research Instrument
The researchers will use the Kenya Service Availability and Readiness Assessment and
Mapping (SARAM) which was developed by the World Health Organization. The survey
questionnaire has been field-tested in several countries and has already been widely used,
whether for baseline evaluation before programme implementation begins, for periodic
evaluation of progress, or to compare the quality of care in areas with or without programme
intervention.
quality of care in health facilities and are complementary to other facility-based quality
mapping of public health data, HFS are powerful instruments for improving service delivery.
Quantitative data arising from the study were analysed using the Statistical Package for
the Social Sciences, Version 11.0 (SPSS Inc 2001). Consistent with standard practice,
univariate statistics were used to assess patterns of responses to the questionnaire items. Chi-
square (c2 ) tests were used to assess differences between the categories, and using the Yates
correction for continuity, P-values of less than 0.05 were considered significant. Indicators of
regularity of services offered, clinical skills of health workers in the management of diarrhoea
and ARI as well as the quality of scheduled supervision of health workers. Quality scores were
assigned to indicators to reflect adequate, fair, and inadequate quality. During analyses, options
for the multiple-choice items in the self-completion questionnaire were re-coded as follows:
correct response = 1, incorrect response = 2, and their overall scores were calculated.
Determination of correct and incorrect responses was based on the literature and on the