FORMULAE SHEET > Anoop. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS ‘Max No. of classes = 1 + 3.322 log (N) N—Population size i Statistical formulae for Grouped dat: Position of median= L + ‘L—Lower limit of median class fy Cumulative frequency of class preceding the median class fea ~ frequency of the median class W — Width of median class N= Total of frequencies Mode Lntet (di! itday]W Lp — Lower limit of modal class 4 ~ Difference between modal class frequency and preceding class frequency 4; Difference between modal class frequency and succeeding class W- Class width Population variance Li (Mw) N Percentile :- P 00” Skewness Coefficient of Skewness ae 3(u—Ma) My~-Median Coefficient of Variation :- Coefficient of Variation cv.==(100) u Chebyshev’s Theorem :- K—No of siandard deviations 10k) (fork> 1) ‘Two-variable associations :~ Sample covariance Population covariance 5 LADD) XG - 4001-4) id n=l as N Correlation coefficient for sample Sy Fas oes Correlation coefficient for population 10)DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS Binomial Distribution : Probability funetion MEP a p— Probability of success q—Probubility of failure” n-No. of trials X No. of successes in ‘n’ trials 0 S0and mp <5 Geometric Distribution : Probability function X.-No. of trials required to achieve first success Variance 2 o -aP Hyper geometric Distribution :- Probability function ners (46.\0 C.-: Wy, N - population size n- sample size A-- number of successes in population x- number of successes in sample Variance 2_ A(N-A)n(N-n) Nw-) CONTINUOUS PROBABIL! ITY DISTRIBUTIONS Uniform Distribution :- a— Lower limit of interval Probability function b= Upper limit of interval F(x) = (ba) where #2256 Mean. Standard deviation narb a}Probability PUY S¥S x)= boa Normal Distribution :- Probability density function Normal approximation of Binomial Distribution Hemp Fors a3o 450 Xe 2-50 X< : 50 Xs :+50 0 ajete F(x) i. Probability = P(X =t}=P{X=>s} i Lognormal Distribution :- Probability density function 1 i Probability Heese IfX~LN(Lo), f@)= e then ¥ = In (X) ~Niwo) B(xX)ze 2 1 2 s000 -[ne" fe | ‘Normal mean when lognormal parameters are given ‘Normal variance when lognormal parameters are given if <<) Hi, ‘Gamma Distribution = Probability density function 1 f(a, B)= FT@* (3)Weibull Distribution :- ea Probability F(x)=1-¢™" PARAMETER ESTIMATION ‘Standard error of the mean for an infinite population CLT Theorem :- Z formula for sample Means (If they are normally distributed) =o Sito: XZ SMS Xtz— i vn an ga Ze ~ (olvn) Interval Estimate For n> 5% of N (Without replacement) For n<30, o is unknown X~ bean a SH EX A bean Degrees of freedom, df=n-1 Population proportion :- ‘Confidence Interval to estimate the Population Proportion B= sample proportion Gi-p Pm ped 3 pg (P= population proportion p-z, J? 4 ) Dx, -xY ‘a Al ‘SST =Total sum of squares c= number of groups 1ny= number of values in group j X= i valuc from group j X= grand mean (mean of all data values) ss4=3n,(¥)-X) ssw-¥ Soy -%y oa fat Mean Squares Among or MST=SST/n-1 MSA=—— e-1 Mean Squares Within F-Ratio a usw = p= 8A MSW ANOVA : TWO-WAY ‘SSA — Factor ‘A’ variation ‘SSB — Factor “B’ variation SST = SSA + SSB + SSAB + SSE SSAB — Variation due to interaction between ‘A’ and ‘B” SSE ~ Random variation error 1= number of levels of factor A ae c= number of levels of factor B pee ena n= number of replications for regret each cell Pe SSABe G-1Ke=D ‘n= total number of observations Forssk 1) in all cells (n= ren’) 2 ea luc of the k” observation. SST=Y YY Xe —XP . REX factor A and level fat jot kot JS [fot tacts ¢ 2 (+) Ph of is (Course Facwtly )SsA=en e. - HY iat S9B= mS RH) SsuB=n TS Re K-Ky +H ‘a jel SSE=S YY hy -Xi¥ at ‘Grand mean LLD%e : fa ren’ ‘Mean of i* levelof factor A (i=1,2,...1) wt rere Mean of j'* levelof factorB (j=1,4,:...¢) _~ bere ¥,-H5 Mean of cellij F Ratios Fx MSA ,_ MSB , _MSAB MSE MSE MSE MULTIPLE COMPARISON TEST Tukey's HSD Test ‘MSE HSD = dacw-cyf— MSE=Mean Square Error sample Size itical value NB: For One Way ANOVA MSW instead of MSE Tukey's —Kramer Formula uSD= Mann-Whitney U Test (Small Sample) ain, £1) =e, OED oy, Ul =nem-U (a+1) 4 n+ Ion) (s)