2017 2nd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT)
High Gain Ultra Wide band MIMO Antenna
Rajan Singh
Sardar Patel Institute of Technology
Mumbai-400058, India.
kumar.rajan1812@gmail.com
Abstract - A High Gain compact ultra-wide band (UWB)
microstrip MIMO antenna with fork shaped geometry is
proposed. A C-slot is designed near to the feed line to provide a
perfect match between return loss and isolation at the resonant
frequency. Finally we achieved the Return loss(S11) of -42dB and
mutual coupling is about -26dB respectively. A trade off is
maintained between the bandwidth and the Gain of the Antenna to
get rid of the problem of Non Line Of Sight communication in the
UWB frequency range.The proposed antenna having partial ground
plane having chair like structure is fabricated on a low cost FR4
substrate having dimensions 50 (Lsub) X 39 (Wsub) X 1.6 (h) mm3
and is fed by a 50Ω microstrip line. The results show that the
proposed antenna achieves impedance bandwidth (VSWR<2) from 7
GHz to 8.5 GHz and from 6.25 GHz to 6.8 GHz providing gain of 8.2
dB with a gain variation of less than 2 dB over the frequency band.
Also the mutual coupling are below -25 dB and -15 dB respectively.
This proves a better tradeoff between Gain and Bandwidth with
regards to the MIMO antennas. For most of MIMO antennas gain is
very less varying from 2 dB to 5 dB. Moreover the fabricated
prototype MIMO antenna results of S11, S21 and Gain are found
very similar to the Simulation results.
Index Terms – MIMO Antenna, High Gain, Good Isolation, UWB
I. INTRODUCTION
The main idea behind this paper is to design a high gain MIMO
antenna which can be used for satellite communication.
I have seen many papers on MIMO technology and found that
most of the paper have implemented MIMO antenna systems for
ultra wideband ranging from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz as specified
by FCC. After the literature survey I came to know that due to
wideband characteristics MIMO antenna is having a maximum
gain of 5dB. But this gain is not suitable for long distance
communication or Non line of sight communication (NLOS). So
to remove the barrier of communication in MIMO antennas we
have designed a MIMO system having a gain of more than 8dB
from the frequency 7.1 GHz to 8.5 GHz with a center frequency
of 7.9 GHz.
Also this antenna provides a better isolation between the two
radiating patch so as to reduce the mutual coupling.
We found the cross corelation less than 0.4 for this antenna.
As we all know MIMO system is designed to improve the system
capacity by providing the multipath propagation of same signal
simultaneously.
Usually multipath creates interference in the system which in
turn degrades the S/N at receiver antenna.
978-1-5090-4307-1/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE
Dr. Deepak Karia
Sardar Patel Institute of Technology
Mumbai-400058, India.
deepak_karia@spit.ac.in
A basic approximation of MIMO channel capacity is a function
of spatial streams, bandwidth, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
and is shown in the following Equation:
Capacity = N BW log2 (1+ SNR).
As we go on increasing the array of antennas at transmitter as
well as at receiver, we will get a better S\N and thus we can
improve the channel quality and system capacity both. The
designed antenna operates at 7.9 GHz which can be used for
Fixed and mobile satellite services. Also it can be used in
meteorological department. The proposed structure has been
optimized using IE3D software followed by experimental
verification on Agilent Vector Network Analyzer, E5062A.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN
The proposed MIMO antenna consists of 2 monopole antennas
having a gap of 23 mm between the feed lines of the patch. This
antenna consists of 3 different layers consisting of Ground plane
at bottom, substrate in the mid followed by copper patch at the
top. The substrate we have used is Glass epoxy FR4 having a
dielectric constant of ɛr=4.4 and a height of 1.58 mm. Upper
layer consists of two monopoles whose radiating faces are
separated by a minimum distance of 3 mm so that to optimize
the mutual coupling of both the patches at frequency 7.9 GHz.
A. MIMO Antenna with Stepped Geometry
Initially we have designed a monopole antenna in the UWB
range with a small rectangular patch having a C slot placed near
to the feed line at a gap of 0.5 mm between them.
The antenna is manufactured on FR4 substrate with the ooverall
size of length 40 (Lsub) X 30 (Wsub) X 1:6 (h) mm3 with
dielectric constant of ɛr=4.4 and loss tangent (tan ±) of 0.02. The
radiating element of antenna is composed of three step like
sections of size L1 X W1, L2 X W2 and L3 X W3. A 50Ω
microstrip line of width 3mm with linear tapered transition from
3mm to 1.2mm is designed to feed monopole antenna with SMA
(sub-Miniature version A) connector. The tapered section of the
microstrip feed line is used to match the characteristic impedance
over UWB frequency band. The optimized shape parameter of
the proposed antenna is given in Table 1.
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 III. DESIGN EVOLUTION OF THE PATCH

Design1:

Fig. 1 Basic MIMO design using two monopoles having fork like structure.

Table I
Fig. 3 Simulated design of basic MIMO antenna having fork like structure.

Design2:

The above basic antenna is having three resonant frequencies at

6.65 GHz, 7.47 GHz and 8.35 GHz. So we introduced a C-slot
loaded EBG structure near the feed line. It behaves as a filter
which can reject some frequency and allows the frequencies from
6.25 GHz to 6.8GHz and 7GHz to 8.5 GHz. C-slot loaded EBG
Fig. 4 Antenna with Modified ground having chair like structure
patch is having a gap of 0.5 mm slot and placed at a distance of
3.15 mm from the bottom of patch.
Design3:

Fig. 2 Equivalent resonant circuit of C-slot

An equivalent circuit model is designed based on LC resonator to

explain the mechanism of the EBG structure coupled to the
microstrip feed line. The resonant frequency of the filter is given
by

fr =1 ⁄ 2π√ (L1 + L2)(C1 + C0) Fig. 5 Antenna with C-slot along with modified ground

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 IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION B. Antenna with Modified Ground Structure (Design 2):

A. Basic Design (Design 1):
A simple MIMO antenna is designed using two rectangular
monopole antenna having stepped geometry and 50 mm partial
ground plane. It provides three resonant frequencies at 6.65 GHz,
7.47 GHz and 8.35 GHz with return losses of -30.5dB, -29 dB
and -27.5dB respectively.
To reduce the coupling loss between the patch we have designed
a Y-shape arm in the middle of the ground so as to reflect the
wave coming towards the feed lines. Then again to increase S11
we have made 60ͼ angular cut adjacent to the stepped design.
After implementing this design we got an improvement in S11 at
the frequency 7.47 GHz and also we got the S12 below -15 dB
which is the minimum criteria for MIMO antenna to function
properly.

Fig. 6 Return loss v/s frequency

Fig.9 Return loss and Mutual coupling v/s frequency

Fig.10 VSWR v/s frequency

Fig.7 VSWR v/s frequency

Fig.8 Gain v/s frequency Fig.11 Gain v/s frequency

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C. MIMO Antenna with C-Slot EBG Structure (Design 3):

Fig.12 Design with C-slot EBG and modified Ground

Fig.16 2D Radiation pattern of MIMO

Fig.13 Return loss and Mutual coupling v/s frequency

Fig.17 3D Radiation pattern of MIMO

After getting all the results and graphs we can say that the
antenna characteristics like Return loss (-42 dB), Mutual
coupling parameter (-26dB) and Gain (8.25dB) has been
improved a lot in the range of frequency from 7 GHz to 8.5GHz
with the resonant frequency at 7.9 GHz.

V. DESIGN2 AND DESIGN3 ANTENNA ON FR4

Fig.14 VSWR v/s frequency

Fig.18 Antenna with modified Ground without C-slot

Fig.15 Gain v/s frequency Fig.19 Final MIMO Antenna with modified Ground with C-slot

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 VI. RESULTS MEASURED ON VNA

We have got the very similar results on Agilent Vector Network

Analyzer (VNA). Here are the measured results.

Fig. 20 Return loss v/s freq of Antenna2 Fig. 22 Insertion loss v/s freq of Antenna3

We got the Insertion loss (S21) is -30.52 dB and VSWR is 1.21.

Fig. 23 VSWR v/s freq of Antenna3

Table II

Evolution Path for Final MIMO Antenna

Parameters Antenna1 Antenna2 Antenna3

Operating 6.26-8.5GHz 7.2GHz-8.2GHz 7-8.4 GHz
Fig. 21 Return loss v/s freq of Antenna3 frequency (7.9 GHz)
S11 -28 dB -35 dB -38.72 dB

Comparative study of all parameters like resonant frequency, S21 -15 dB -21 dB -36.08 dB
return loss, insertion loss and gain are listed below for all three
antenna designs in TABLE II. VSWR 1.5 1.21 1.033
Gain 5.8 dB 7.245 dB 8.258 dB

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 VII. RESULTS

Table III : Comparison of Simulated and measured parameters of

Antenna3
Parameters Simulated Measured
Operating 7.94 GHz 7 GHz - 8.4 GHz
frequency (7.95 GHz)
S11 -42.796 dB -38.72 dB
S21 -26.09 dB -36.08 dB
VSWR 1.337 1.033
Gain 8.26 dB 8.258 dB

VIII. CONCLUSION

The rectangular monopole patch antenna has been designed to

work over a UWB band from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. Then we
started evolving this monopole into MIMO antenna which is
having a high gain with very less Return loss (S11) and Insertion
loss (S12) as -38.72 dB and -36.08 dB respectively at resonant
frequency of 7.9 GHz. This MIMO antenna provides a gain of
8.25 dB which is highest gain i have ever seen in all the IEEE
papers. Also this antenna provides a band from 7 GHz to 8.4
GHz frequency range which is more than 500 MHz, so it comes
under UWB antenna. Hence we have justified the title of this
paper. It is having many applications in mobile satellite
communication, meteorological department, geological surveys
and many more.

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