Professional Documents
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History of Policing System PH and Us
History of Policing System PH and Us
History of Policing System PH and Us
Submitted by:
Muñoz, Micaella D.
BS-Criminology 2-A
The institution of police in the Philippines formally started during Spanish period. The establishment of the
police was not entirely intended for crime prevention nor peacekeeping. Rather, it was created as an
extension of the colonial military establishment.
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ANCIENT ROOTS
The forerunner of the contemporary police system was the practice of
barangay chieftain to select able-bodied young men to protect their
barangay during the night. Among the duties of those selected were to
protect the properties of the people in the barangay and protect their
crops and livestock from wild animal.
GUARDRILLEROS/CUARDILLO
This was a body of rural police organized in each town and established by
the Royal Decree of 18 January 1836; this decree provided that 5% of the
able-bodied male inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in the
police organization for three years.
Act no. 175 – entitled “An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of an Insular
Constabulary”, enacted on July 18, 1901.
Capt. Henry Allen – the first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901.
Act no. 193 – created the Manila Police Department, enacted on July 31, 1901
Capt. George Curry – the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1901.
Act no. 255 – the act that renamed the Insular Constabulary into Philippine Constabulary,
enacted on October 3, 1901
The development of policing in the United States closely followed the development of policing in
England. In the early colonies policing took two forms. It was both informal and communal, which is
referred to as the “Watch,” or private-for-profit policing, which is called “The Big Stick”
INDUSTRIAL AGE
London - 1829 established the London Metropolitan
-Police—1st modern organized police
Became a model for American Police
Philadelphia created the first day watch in 1833 and New York instituted a day watch in 1844 as a
supplement to its new municipal police force.
These informal modalities of policing continued well after the American Revolution. It was not until the
1830s that the idea of a centralized municipal police department first emerged in the United States. In
1838, the city of Boston established the first American police force, followed by New York City in
1845, Albany, NY and Chicago in 1851, New Orleans and Cincinnati in 1853, Philadelphia in 1855, and
Newark, NJ and Baltimore in 1857. By the 1880s all major U.S. cities had municipal police forces in
place.
AUGUST VOLLMER
August Vollmer known as father of modern police
administration.
Promoted higher learner for police officers.
Promoted professional model of policing.
ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS
Police chiefs began to take control of their departments.
Upper management positions were created in the department.
Special units were created.
Beginnings of new technology: fingerprints, patrol cars and other developments.
PRE-POLITICAL ERA
Birth of the nation to 1870
Diverse, uncoordinated attempts to develop police to meet the unique needs of a
community
e.g. Texas Rangers - cattle rustling
Sheriffs & Marshal - maintaining order in towns
POLITICAL ERA
Mid-19th Century
Political machines recruited cops to encourage citizens to vote for the “right”
candidates.
Thugs were hired to intimidate, intrude, and to exert political influence.
Lots of corruption, payoffs, organized crime, etc.
PROFESSIONAL ERA
20th Century
Three forces for change:
Organized move for professionalism
Modern communications technology
Civil rights movement
EARLY POLICEWOMEN
The Portland (OR) police department hired the first policewoman, Lola Baldwin, as a
juvenile specialist in 1905.
First female Police Chief was Penny Harrington, Portland (OR) in 1985.
First African American female officer was Cora Parchment for NYPD in 1919.
The first policewoman DID NOT perform regular police duty, usually did not wear
uniforms, did not carry weapons, and had only limited arrest powers.
PD 765
Otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975, enacted on August 8, 1975; established the Integrated
National Police (INP) composed of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and the integrated
local police forces as components, under the Ministry of National Defense.
-transferred the NAPOLCOM from the office of the President to the Ministry of National Defense.
AN ACT EXTENDING FOR FIVE (5) YEARS THE REGLEMENTARY PERIOD FOR
COMPLYING WITH THE MINIMUM EDUCATION QUALIFICATION FOR
APPOINTMENT TO THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) AND ADJUSTING THE
PROMOTION SYSTEM THEREOF, AMENDING FOR THE PUROPOSE PERTINENT
PROVISIONS OF THE REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6975 AND REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8551 AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
RA 9708 – law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the minimum education
qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting promotion system; approved on 12 August 2009