PHYSICS PROJECT

“How to make Heron's

Fountain”

SUBMITTED BY:- SUBMITTED TO :-

Nishika Yadav Mrs. Rakhi

Diya Singh
Nethra Venkatesh

( XI P)
 INDEX

 Certificate
 Acknowledgement
 Aim
 Introduction
 Basic concepts
 Materials and Equipment
 Experimental Procedure
 Working
 Precautions
 Bibliography
 CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT NETHRA VENKATESH, DIYA SINGH AND NISHIKA
YADAV OF CLASS XI-P HAVE THEIR COMPLETED THEIR PROJECT:

“Making a heron's fountain”

SUCCESSFULLY AND THEIR RESULT ARE CHECKED AND

VERIFIED IN YEAR 2019-20.

--------------------------------------------------

MRS. RAKHI EXTERNAL EXAMINER

MODERN PUBLIC SCHOOL, BHIWADI

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We gratefully acknowledge our sincere thanks to our

respected chemistry teacher Mrs. Rakhi for
her remarkable, valuable guidance and supervision
throughout the project work.
Then would like to thank our friends who have
helped me with our valuable suggestion and guidance
has been helpful in various phase of the completion
of the project.
 AIM: To make a Heron's fountain.
Introduction: Heron’s fountain is a hydraulic
machine that demonstrates the principles of hydraulics and
pneumatics. Flow of water from high gravitational potential
energy to low gravitational potential energy causes a fountain to
form, due to increasing pressure on the inside of the system. to
make a Heron's fountain

Material required:
Two large jars with lids and basin
1 3 tubes to connect jars and basin together
2 clamp
3 Large volume of water and coffee containers to pour
4 Towels

Procedure:
The water in the basin contains gravitational potential energy
and, as it falls downwards, it uses the pneumatic pressure of the
air in the air supply container to push the water in the upper,
fountain supply container. Once the water drops below the level
of the outlet tube in the fountain supply, the Heron fountain will
stop.

1. Your basin will need to be raised, as it must be higher than the

two bottles.
2. Make a hole in the bottom of the basin, just big enough for the
tubing to fit through.
3. Push a 24" - 36" length of tubing through and seal with the
silicone.
4. Make two holes in the lid of one of the plastic containers. This
will become the air supply container and must be the lowest part
of the apparatus.
5. Push the tubing through one of these - it must reach almost to
the bottom.
6. Insert another piece of tubing through the other hole - you only
need to push about an inch of tubing through the hole.
7. Make sure that the seal around the tube is airtight, using the
silicone sealant.
8. Take your second container and make two holes through the lid
of this one. This will become the fountain supply container and
must be filled with water
9. Take the plastic tubing coming from the first container and push
it through one of the holes. This only needs to be pushed in
about an inch.
10. Cut a final length of tubing and insert this into the second
hole, pushing it in almost to the bottom of the container
11. Use the silicone to fill the gaps around the tubing. The
fountain supply container must be higher than the air supply
container
12. This third length of tubing needs to run back to the fountain,
13. Slowly fill the basin with water and watch as water flows from
the basin into the air supply container, through gravity. This will
displace the water in the second container and cause it to shoot
out of the tubing back into the fountain, higher than the original
basin.
14. If you want, you can insert the tubing running from the
fountain supply container back into the basin through a second
hole, making sure that it protrudes above the water level, to
create a proper fountain.

Working:As it is labeled in the preceding image,

assume the top basin is container 1, the middle basin is
container 2 and the bottom basin is container 3. The system has
an effective height of ( ). This is the difference
between the level of the water in container 1 and the water level
in container 3. The left side of the system has the column of
height , entirely full of water, whereas the right side
of the system has height full of air and full of water. The
two sides will experience different pressures due to the different
component fluids. This pressure difference is what drives the
fountain to run. This will be discussed more in depth later.

To start the fountain, container 1 should be open to the air and

holding no water. Container 2 should be filled to the top with
water, container 3 should be filled with water to the bottom of
the straw, and the tube from container 1 to 3 must be primed.
To begin the fountain, pour water into container 1 until it is filled.
Almost immediately you should see water spring up out of one of
the holes in the top container.

Container 3 needs to have water filled up to the bottom of the

straw because otherwise air can get into the straw and flow
backwards into container 1, which impedes the flow of the water.
Additionally, when bubbles of air exit this way, the pressure of
the system is being released in the wrong direction. In order to
drive the fountain we need high air pressure in container 3 which
pushes the water down in container 2. If the air, instead of
flowing into container 2 flows back up into container 1, the
fountain will run slowly.

As water is poured into container 1, gravity pulls it down into

container 3. The air filling container 3 is displaced by the denser
water flowing down from the top, and rises up through the tube
connecting container 3 to container 2. This air increases the
pressure in container 2, which displaces the water that was
previously occupying space. Because the pressure in container 2
is greater than atmospheric pressure, water will flow up the tube
and form a fountain. The flow of water will stop once container 2
is empty of water.

To increase the height of the fountain, you want to

minimize and maximize . As increases, so does the
pressure at the bottom of the left column. The pressure at the
bottom of the column is given by ; this illustrates that the
pressure in a column of water is not a function of the diameter of
the column of water, only the density of the fluid, gravity, and
the height within the column. This shows that the diameter of
the tube used on the left does not really change anything about
the fountain, though a larger diameter tube will drain container 1
more quickly.

Precautions:
 Make sure the tubing is at the proper heights in each bottle.
These heights are Very Important.
 The caps should be tightly sealed.

Biblography:
1 https://explorable.com/

2 https://ucscphysicsdemo.wordpress.com/