PAKISTAN

In partial fulfillment in the

requirements of AralingPanlipunan 10

PRESENTED TO:
MS. FLORA MAE LOPEZ OROSIO, LPT

PRESENTED BY:
GABRIEL BENEDICT A. BALIGUAT,
WENDY KYLEE L. FILOMENO

November 2019
 INTRODUCTION

Pakistanis are citizens of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Islam-iJamhuriya-e

Pakistan). The nation of Pakistan came into existence in 1947. Before that time, the
region formed part of the British Indian Empire.Pakistan's history dates back nearly
5,000 years to one of the world's first urban (city-based) civilizations, which grew up
along the Indus River. Pakistan was settled by peoples of varied ethnic and cultural
backgrounds. In the Urdu language, the name Pakistan translates as "Land of the
Pure."

At the beginning of the eleventh century, rulers from Afghanistan mounted military
campaigns over the mountain passes into the region that is India and Pakistan today.
For over 650 years, a Muslim government based in Delhi ruled much of the area that
makes up modern Pakistan. Toward the end of the sixteenth century, one emperor,
Akbar, made Lahore the capital of his empire. Lahore is a major city in modern
Pakistan.

Britain took over the plains of the Punjab in 1849. Over the next hundred years,
the British colonial government in India gained control over virtually all the lands and
peoples that were to make up Pakistan.The modern state of Pakistan was created in
1947, when the British colonial possessions were divided between Pakistan and India.
Pakistan's capital city is Islamabad. The traditional conflict with India has led to several
military confrontations, with wars fought in 1947, 1965, and 1971. (Everyculture, 2015)

Pakistanis are citizens of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Islam-iJamhuriya-e

Pakistan). The nation of Pakistan came into existence in 1947. Before that time, the
region formed part of the British Indian Empire.Pakistan's history dates back nearly
5,000 years to one of the world's first urban (city-based) civilizations, which grew up
along the Indus River. Pakistan was settled by peoples of varied ethnic and cultural
backgrounds. In the Urdu language, the name Pakistan translates as "Land of the
Pure."
At the beginning of the eleventh century, rulers from Afghanistan mounted
military campaigns over the mountain passes into the region that is India and Pakistan
today. For over 650 years, a Muslim government based in Delhi ruled much of the area
that makes up modern Pakistan. Toward the end of the sixteenth century, one emperor,
Akbar, made Lahore the capital of his empire. Lahore is a major city in modern
Pakistan.

Britain took over the plains of the Punjab in 1849. Over the next hundred years, the
British colonial government in India gained control over virtually all the lands and
peoples that were to make up Pakistan.(Michigan S.U., 1994-2019)
 THREATS
Since 1947, Pakistan has faced both real and perceived threats to its existence.
Wars, insurgencies, natural disasters and even fears of an economic meltdown dogged
the country in the first 25 years of its history, culminating in its break-up in 1971. The
Pakistan we are left with has faced continual ethnic and sectarian turmoil — where
depleting water resources and an ever-worsening energy crisis keep threatening
whatever little economic gains the country has made. Yet, for most Pakistanis, foreign
aggression and interference by outside powers seem to top the list of potentially mortal
risks facing them. The Herald reaches out to a number of experts in various fields for
their take on the threats that most bedevil Pakistan’s search for a sustained survival.
(Herald, 2016)

By going overtly nuclear in 1998, Pakistan demonstrated to its long-term

adversary, India that New Delhi will not be able to commit aggression against Islamabad
as it had successfully done in the 1971 war, which resulted in the dismemberment of a
united Pakistan. Nuclear weapons have three general effects on inter-state relations.
First, they provide the nuclear state with an “infrangible guarantee of its independence
and physical integrity.” Second, mutual deterrence among antagonistic nuclear states
like India and Pakistan places limits on violence which, in turn, acts as a break on total
war. Third, by altering the ‘offence-defense’ balance in favor of defense, nuclear
weapons have made it possible for weaker states like Pakistan to defend themselves
effectively against larger, powerful countries like India.(Hussain, 2016)

After dithering for decades and suffering the loss of over 60,000 people with
twice as many injured and maimed, Pakistan’s ruling elite has finally declared that
terrorist organizations’ are an existential threat to the country. The moaning and
groaning nation, after many years, stands behind its security force to fight the hydra-
headed monster of violence. But fighting terrorism is attacking symptoms only and not
the diseases which have failed Pakistan since its inception. (Syed, 2016)

One of the most potent existential threats to Pakistan is the proliferation of

dysfunctional cities. Among the fastest urbanizing countries in the region, Pakistan’s
very substantial rural population increasingly seeks opportunities in its largest cities. Of
the 10 most populated metropolitan areas in Pakistan, eight have a population in excess
of four million. Every one of these cities is likely to have a population of over 10 million
within the next two decades, or maybe sooner. Karachi alone is pushing 20 million, but
Lahore, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Multan and Peshawar all represent massive
challenges. If history is any guide, we will begin to engage with the challenges of a city
only when bodies in gunny bags become a cultural mainstay.(Mosharraf, 2016)
 OPPORTUNITIES
In August 2012, taking an historical decision towards better economic relations
investment was permitted to and from Pakistan. A lot of initiatives have been
undertaken to promote economic relations between the two states. Various trade
delegations from both sides have visited each other to assess trade and investment
potentials. Many of the firms from both countries have expressed their interest in
investing in each other’s markets. But, to date there exists no direct investment in
Pakistan from India and vice versa. In spite of having a huge potential, cultural and
ethnic similarities no Indian firm has yet made any direct investments in Pakistan.
However, many Indian firms have invested in Pakistan through their foreign
subsidiaries. Tata Motors, Tata Global Beverages, Titan Watches and Dabur India are
some of the examples. But, similar examples in the case of Pakistani firms are absent.
There is a long list of Indian companies who have expressed their desire to invest in the
Pakistani market. (Rahul, 2018)

Defense procurement is a huge area of opportunity. Pakistan has the 7th largest
standing army, and supplying provisions and emergency supplies is a huge potential
market for companies with relevant products. Pakistan’s security landscape is full of
opportunities in terms of “Safe City” technology, detection equipment, security training
etc. (UKTI, 2018)

Pakistan is a country of nearly 190 million people which is still grappling with
basic infrastructure issues. Within the country, there are small areas of excellence and
the country demonstrates an ever-growing appetite for technology and innovative
services. The mass market is relatively low-tech and there are tremendous opportunities
in infrastructure activities. Most of the large infrastructure projects, e.g. hydel dams etc.
are financed by multilateral agencies such as the Asian Development Bank, World
Bank, Islamic Development Bank, International Finance Corporation etc. However,
there are medium-sized road, health, construction projects etc. that can be developed
by public/private partnerships (PPP). The Government is actively encouraging growth in
PPP.(UKTI, 2018)

Service area opportunities include education, where not only teaching aides but
teacher-training programs, technical education and school linkages/affiliations are in
much demand. With 50% of the population under the age of 25, this is a huge
opportunity area, Traffic management, driver training & licensing and traffic laws
enforcement are areas of latent demand which have a huge potential for foreign
intervention. Like any large city in the developing world traffic congestion is an
increasing problem with each passing day.(UKTI, 2018)
 WEAKNESSES
Over the years, Pakistan has been trapped into complex debt trap. In June 2002,
Pakistan's external debt liabilities stood over US$ 38 Billion. Although foreign aid is
essential for a resource starved developing country like Pakistan, yet the problem lies in
its improper utilization and even embezzlement in many cases. Thus the foreign aid has
added more to the debt-service liability burden and less to the development of the
country. In the budget for FY 2002-03, Rs 290 Bln out of the total outlay of Rs 742 Bln
have been allocated for debt-servicing. In the Budget for the year 2001-02, Rs 320 Bln
were earmarked for debt servicing. Such huge liabilities leave very little resources for
the development activities in the economy.(Tahir, 2002)

As against the buoyant trends of 1980s and even early 1990s, the growth rate of GNP
has come down drastically in the past couple of years.The reasons for this slowdown of
economic growth can be found in a number of factors including worsening of macro-
economic environment, serious lapses in implementation of stabilization policies and
structural reforms, adverse law and order situation, inconsistent policies, poor
governance, ever rising prices of utilities resulting in high cost of inputs, implementation
of WTO regime, acute drought conditions prevailing in the last two-three years. (Tahir,
2002)

It is an established fact that investment is one of the most important determinants

of long-term economic growth. However, Pakistan economy has been facing a declining
trend in this vital area. This is the most serious manifestation of an economic slowdown
because it is going to affect not only the pace of economic growth in the coming years
but also many other key sectors like employment and exports. This decline in
investment is shared by both the public and private sectors, but public sector has
declined more sharply in the past 10 years. Within the public sector, development
expenditure has declined from 7.6% in 1991-92 to 3.5% in 2001-02 (Jul-Mar). (Tahir,
2002)

]Capital formation is one of the major factors in economic development. Capital

formation refers to increase in the stock of both material and human capital by making
available a part of society's currently available resources. Capital formation results when
some proportion of society's present income is saved and invested in order to increase
material as well as human capital. In other words, capital formation consists of both
tangible goods like plants, tools and machinery and intangible goods like high standards
of education, health, scientific tradition and research.(Tahir, 2002)
 STRENGTHS
The share of agriculture in GDP has been reduced yet it is still the backbone of
our economy. Agriculture currently employs 48% of our labor force. Agrarian production
has considerably improved over the years due to enhanced mechanization, use of
quality seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, availability of more credit at concessional rates,
better sfood-grains despite the prolonged spell of drought. Presently, about 70% of our
exports are agro-based.(Tahir, 2002)

Pakistan have Atomic Bomb and other small nuclear weapons. When Pakistan
Realize that to exist in this world we need Atomic Bomb, we get through the hard
way.Pakistan unlike Saudi Arabia doesn’t have enough Money but still it manages to
spend 2–3% of GDP on Education. We have great engineers, doctors, and
Physicists.Since the country declared independence in 1947, Pakistan has come into
conflict with its neighbor India on a number of occasions. (Aamir, 2018)

The nation has one of the strongest military forces in the world and plays a key
role in South Asian affairs. So how strong is Pakistan's military? Pakistan's military is
primarily a defensive force, designed to deter any other military power from engaging in
a costly war. It is the sixth largest in the world in terms of active personnel and the
largest among Muslim countries.Pakistan has 919,000 military personnel in total, out of
which 637,000 are on active duty. Around 70% of Pakistan's military forces are
deployed near the eastern border with India.(Alfred, 2018)

Pakistan currently spends $7 billion of its annual budget on defense, a small amount
compared to India's $52.5 billion.The country has 2,182 combat tanks and 2,604
armored fighting vehicles. Their navy is composed of 10 frigates, five submarines and
12 coastal defense craft. The country's wider reach at sea is limited by a lack of aircraft
carriers or destroyers.Pakistan's armed forces possess 1,281 aircraft. This includes 320
interceptors and 410 attack aircraft.(Alfred, 2018)
 CONCLUSION
the country of Pakistan is having a serious threats and weaknesses that affect a
lot to their economic development. Pakistan has suffered a lot to their previous wars,
insurgencies and natural disasters that result to the meltdown of their economy. The
cities in Pakistan face problems regarding to economy, security and urban planning.

However, Even though they have many threats, their country is trying to recover.
Through trading, they step against many threats in their economy. It also helps them to
recover from the meltdown of their economy. Pakistan also enhances their military
powers to stand against insurgencies and any threats to their security.

In addition, not all opportunities of Pakistan help them to fully recover from their
problems. They have encountered weaknesses like baited on debt trap that cause their
economy to subside. Because of many threats trends in the vital areas of Pakistan
declined. This results to the slowdown of their economic development and the increase
of inflation.

I conclude, the country of Pakistan encountered weaknesses they proudly presented

their strength in agriculture that make up the 48% of their labour force. The Pakistani
army also has a strong weapon and elite fighters that are enough to resist insurgencies.
Mainly of their budget is also used to support education.
 REFERENCES
Aamir K. (2018): Pakistan’s Strong Points
https://www.quora.com/What-are-Pakistan%E2%80%99s-strong-points
Alfred J. (2018): How Strong is Pakistan’s Military?
https://www.newsweek.com/how-strong-pakistans-military-123509
Babar A. (2016): What is the most potent existential threat to Pakistan?
https://herald.dawn.com/news/1153036
Everyculture (2015): Pakistanis
https://www.everyculture.com/wc/Norway-to-Russia/Pakistanis.html
Herald (2016): What is the most potent existential threat to Pakistan?
https://herald.dawn.com/news/1153036
Michigan, S.U (1994-2019): Pakistan: Introduction
https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/pakistan
Mosharraf, Z. (2016): What is the most potent existential threat to Pakistan?
https://herald.dawn.com/news/1153036
Rahul, C. (2018): Exploring Investment Opportunities in Pakistan
https://intpolicydigest.org/2018/05/23/australia-s-china-syndrome/
Syed, H. (2016): What is the most potent existential threat to Pakistan?
https://herald.dawn.com/news/1153036
Tahir, N. (2002): Strengths and Weaknesses of Pakistan’s Economy
http://www.pakistaneconomist.com/issue2002/issue44/i&e2.htm
UKTI, (2018):Opportunities in Pakistan
http://www.pakistan.doingbusinessguide.co.uk/the-guide/opportunities-in-
Pakistan/