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SULIT DCG3083: PHOTOGRAMMETRY

SECTION A : 50 MARKS
BAHAGIAN A : 50 MARKAH

INSTRUCTION:
This section consists of TWO (2) structured questions. Answer ALL questions.

ARAHAN:
Bahagian ini mengandungi DUA (2) soalan struktur. Jawab SEMUA soalan.

QUESTION 1
SOALAN 1

CLO1 (a) Photogrammetry has been defined as an art, science, and technology of obtaining
C1
reliable information about physical objects and the environment. List FIVE (5)
advantages of photogrammetry.
Fotogrammetri ditakrifkan sebagai seni, sains dan teknologi dalam pengumpulan
maklumat sebenar tentang objek fizikal dan alam sekitar. Senarai LIMA (5)
kelebihan fotogrametri.
[ 5 marks ]
[ 5 markah ]

CLO1 (b) Briefly describe TWO (2) main branches in photogrammetry.


C2
Terangkan secara ringkas DUA (2) cabang utama dalam fotogrametri
[5 marks]
[5 markah]

CLO1 (c) The fundamental device in the field of photogrammetry is the camera. Sketch an
C3
aerial camera diagram and briefly describe the component of Lens Cone Assembly.
Peralatan asas dalam bidang fotogrametri adalah kamera. Lakar rajah kamera
udara dan terangkan secara ringkas komponen Susun Pasang Kun Kanta.
[15 marks]
[15 markah]

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SULIT DCG3083: PHOTOGRAMMETRY

QUESTION 2
SOALAN 2

CLO1 (a) List the consideration for flight planning.


C1 Senaraikan faktor yang perlu dipertimbangkan untuk perancangan penerbangan
[5 marks]
[5 markah]

CLO1 (b) Briefly describe the terms of End Lap and Side Lap.
C2 Terangkan secara ringkas istilah Tindihan Hadapan dan Tindihan Sisi.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]

CLO1 (c) A housing developer requested you to produce a map for a housing project with the
C3 following data :
Seorang pemaju perumahan minta anda menghasilkan peta untuk satu projek
perumahan dengan data berikut :

Photo scale / skala foto : 1 : 25000


End Lap / tindihan hadapan : 60 %
Side Lap / tindihan sisi : 30 %
Mapping area / kawasan pemetan : 35 km X 30 km
Average reduced level
of mapping area / aras purata kawasan pemetaan : 150 m
Exposure interval/ sela masa dedahan : 45 sec
Aerial camera format/ format kamera udara : (152 x 230 x 230) mm

For the purpose of aerial photography, you are required to compute the following
specifications :
Bagi tujuan penerbangan fotografi udara, anda dikehendaki menghitung
spesifikasi berikut ;

(i) Flying height ( Ketinggian penerbangan )


(ii) Speed of aeroplane ( Kelajuan kapalterbang )
(iii) Total number of aerial photos ( Bilangan foto udara )
[15 marks]
[ 15 markah ]
3 SULIT
SULIT DCG3083: PHOTOGRAMMETRY

SECTION B : 50 MARKS
BAHAGIAN B : 50 MARKAH

INSTRUCTION:
This section consists of FOUR (4) structured questions. Answer TWO (2) questions only.

ARAHAN:
Bahagian ini mengandungi EMPAT (4) soalan struktur. Jawab DUA (2) soalan sahaja.

QUESTION 1
SOALAN 1

CLO1 (a) Define the Focal Length and Exposure Station.


C1 Takrifkan istilah Jarak Fokus dan Stesen Dedahan.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]

CLO1 (b) With the aid of a suitable diagram, Identify THREE (3) differences between
C2 perspective projection and orthogonal projection.
Dengan bantuan gambarajah yang sesuai, kenalpasti TIGA (3) perbezaan diantara
unjuran perspektif dan unjuran ortogonal.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

CLO1 (c) Given a sequence of tilt in the rotation matrix M as ω, φ, κ and the following
C3 elements are known:
Diberi turutan kesengetan dalam bentuk matriks putaran M seperti ω, φ, κ dan
elemen-elemen berikut adalah diketahui:

m11 = 0.998477, m31 = 0.017452, m32 = - 0.034894

Calculate the tilt angle of ω, φ, κ.


Kirakan nilai kesengetan ω, φ, κ yang sebenar.

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SULIT DCG3083: PHOTOGRAMMETRY

cos φ cos κ (sin ω sin φ cos κ + cos ω sin κ) (sin ω sin κ -cos ω sin φ cos κ)
M = -cos φ sin κ (cos ω cos κ –sin ω sin φ sin κ) (cos ω sin φ sin κ +sin ω cos κ)
sin φ -sin ω cos φ cos ω cos φ

[10 marks]
[10 markah]

QUESTION 2
SOALAN 2

CLO 1 (a) Define, the meaning of Coordinate Transformation.


C1 Beri definisi maksud Transformasi Kordinat.
[ 5 marks ]
[5 markah ]

(b) Briefly describe two dimensional coordinate transformation and identify the
CLO 1
C2 differences between two dimensional coordinate transformation with three
dimensional coordinate transformation.
Secara ringkas, terangkan transformasi kordinat dua dimensi dan kenalpasti
perbezaan diantara transformasi kordinat dua dimensi dengan transformasi kordinat
tiga dimensi.
[ 10 marks ]
[ 10 markah ]

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SULIT DCG3083: PHOTOGRAMMETRY

CLO 1 (c) Referring to given data at Table B2, calculate parameters a and b using
C3 simultaneous equation method.
Merujuk kepada data yang diberi pada Jadual B2, hitungkan parameter a dan b
dengan menggunakan kaedah persamaan serentak.

Table B2 / Jadual B2

Model Coordinate Ground Coordinate

Point x (mm) y (mm) X (m) Y (m)

1 1.919 3.713 7473.333 3042.500


2 2.267 0.594 7443.375 2986.396

[ 10 marks ]
[ 10 markah ]

QUESTION 3
SOALAN 3

CLO1 (a) Define rectification and orthophoto.


C1
Takrifkan rektifikasi dan ortofoto.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]

CLO1 (b) Digital orthophoto can be produced in various type and techniques. Briefly describe
C2 FOUR (4) advantages of digital orthophoto.
Ortofoto digital boleh dihasilkan dengan pelbagai jenis teknik. Terangkan secara
ringkas EMPAT (4) kelebihan ortofoto digital.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

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SULIT DCG3083: PHOTOGRAMMETRY

CLO1 (c) Briefly describe the importance of aerial triangulation in the measurements of
C3 photogrammetry.
Terangkan secara ringkas kepentinagn penyegitigaan udara dalam pengukuran
fotogrametri.
[ 10 marks ]
[10 markah ]

QUESTION 4
SOALAN 4

CLO 1 (a) Closed Range Photogrammetry is an important branch of the science of


C1 photogrammetry deals with photographs taken with cameras (metric or non metric )
located on the surface of the earth. List the characteristics of metric camera.
Fotogrametri Jarak Dekat adalah bahagian penting dalam sains fotogrametri yang
mana gambar diambil dengan menggunakan kamera (metrik dan bukan metric) yang
diletakkan diatas permukaan bumi. Senaraikan ciri-ciri kamera metrik
[ 5 marks ]
[ 5 markah ]

CLO 1 (b) Digital image acquisition data with Charge Couple Device (CCD) camera are commonly
C2 used to produces high quality of data. Briefly explain about CCD.
Perolehan data imej berdigit dengan menggunakan kamera ‘Charge Couple Device’
sering digunakan untuk mendapatkan data yang berkualiti tinggi. Terangkan secara
ringkas tentang CCD.
[ 10 marks ]
[ 10 markah ]

CLO 1 (c) There are two types of orientation in digital photogrammetry such as interior and exterior
C3 orientation. Sketch the suitable diagram, and state the elements of interior orientation.
Terdapat dua jenis orientasi dalam fotogrametri digital iaitu orientasi dalaman dan
luaran. Lakarkan rajah yang sesuai dan nyatakan elemen-elemen orientasi dalaman.
[ 10 marks ]
[ 10 markah ]
SOALAN TAMAT

7 SULIT

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