Neurons require a large amount of energy to establish the bioelectrical gradient (resting

potential) necessary for the generation of an action potential. This energy is produced by large
numbers of mitochondria, found in this part of the cell.
axon terminal
axon hillock
axon
dendrite
-cell body

Temporal and spatial summation of inhibitory and excitatory input occurs at this part of the
neuron leading to an action potential.
dendrite-
axon
cell body
-axon hillock
axon terminal

Neurotransmitters are sent from this part of the neuron across the synaptic cleft to the post
synaptic cell (e.g., muscle cell).
axon
axon hillock
-axon terminal
cell body
dendrite

Extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (Nissl bodies) is found in this part of the neuron,
facilitating production of proteins, such as the ion pumps and channels necessary for action
potentials to occur.

-cell body
axon
axon terminal
dendrite
axon hillock

Put the following parts of a neuron in order from the area where the cell receives input (1) to the
location where it sends output (5).

1 Dentdrite
2 Cell Body
3 Axon Hillock
4 Axon
5 Axon Terminal

This part of the brain includes the somatosensory area, primary sensory cortices and
association cortices supporting processing of sensory information.

medulla oblongata
-cerebrum
thalamus
pituitary
pons
hypothalamus
cerebellum
corpus collosum

Most sensory information (olfactory = exception) passes through this walnut-sized gateway on
its way to higher processing centers.

medulla oblongata
cerebrum
hypothalamus
pituitary
-thalamus
cerebellum
pons
corpus collosum

This part of the brain monitors blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, adjusting heart rate and
breathing rate to maintain homeostasis.

pons
thalamus
pituitary
corpus collosum
-medulla oblongata
cerebellum
cerebrum
hypothalamus

Chemoreceptors are used in which of the following senses.

-blood oxygen
-gustation
-olfaction
balance
audition
 vision
touch

Mechanoreceptors are used in which of the following senses.

-balance
vision
blood oxygen
gustation
olfaction
-touch
-audition

Which of the following belong to the afferent (sensory) division of the nervous system? (select
all that apply)

anterior root
-posterior root ganglion
-posterior root
lateral horn
-posterior funiculus
-posterior horn
anterior horn
denticulate ligaments

Which of the following belong to the somatic motor division of the nervous system?

-anterior horn
denticulate ligaments
posterior funiculus
-anterior root
posterior horn
posterior root
posterior root ganglion
lateral horn

A pinched cervical nerve causing loss of function, numbness and/or pain in the hand most likely
belongs to this plexus.

thoracolumbar
craniosacral
cervical
sacral
-brachial
 lumbar

Sciatica is a result of a pinched nerve of this plexus.

cervical
lumbar
-sacral
thoracolumbar
brachial
craniosacral

The main nerve of this plexus is responsible for control of muscular contractions of the primary
inspiratory muscle associated with breathing.

sacral
thoracolumbar
craniosacral
-cervical
lumbar
brachial

The femoral nerve, which innervates the upper leg, belongs to this plexus.

brachial
craniosacral
-lumbar
sacral
cervical
thoracolumbar

Autonomic reflexes include which of the following as parts of the circuit? (select all that apply)

-lateral horn of spinal cord

anterior horn of spinal cord
-glands
-smooth muscle
-posterior root of spinal cord
-cardiac muscle
-anterior root of spinal cord
skeletal muscle

One of three strictly sensory cranial nerves, this one brings auditory input and information
regarding equilibrium into the brain.
 sciatic
facial
optic
phrenic
-vestibulocochlear
femoral
glossopharyngeal
oculomotor
ulnar
olfactory

The visual centers of the brain (primary visual cortex and visual association area) are found in
this part of the cerebrum.

frontal lobe
temporal lobe
insula
-occipital lobe
parietal lobe

Which of the following cells make myelin sheaths to insulate the axons of motor neurons
(neurons which synapse onto effectors)? Check all that apply.

oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
neurons
microglia
ependymal cells
-Schwann cells

Put the steps in a reflex arc in order from 1 (incoming stimulus) to 5 (response).

1 Receptor
2 Afferent neuron
3 Interneuron
4 Efferent neuron
5 Effector

Which of the following cells make myelin sheaths to insulate axons in the central nervous
system? Check all that apply.

astrocytes
Schwann cells
microglia
 -oligodendrocytes
ependymal cells
neurons

This part of the brain is largely responsible for "muscle memory" and coordinated skeletal
muscle action.

pons
pituitary
hypothalamus
thalamus
medulla oblongata
cerebrum
-cerebellum
corpus collosum

Glaucoma is a result of damage to this part of the eye.

retina
lens
cornea
iris
-optic nerve

When this part of the eye becomes clouded, it causes cataracts.

cornea
optic nerve
-lens
iris
retina

Sphincter and dilator pupillae muscles associated with this part of the eye adjust the dilation of
the pupil depending on light conditions.

-iris
retina
cornea
optic nerve
lens

This part of the eye is responsible for accommodation, the ability to focus on objects nearby or
further away.
 cornea
-lens
iris
optic nerve
retina

Damage to this part of the ear can cause a permanent threshold shift.

malleus
vestibule
incus
tympanic membrane
semicircular canals
stapes
external auditory meatus
-cochlea

Mechanoreceptors in this part of the ear monitor orientation of the head.

stapes
incus
cochlea
external auditory meatus
tympanic membrane
-semicircular canals
malleus
vestibule

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous is also know as the "rest and digest"
division, because it increases sedation, promoting body maintenance and repair functions.

True
-False