Chem 40 PS5 (Translation and Nucleic Acid Techniques)

Please answer the following in a brief and concise manner. Use 4-5 lines of the yellow paper.

I. Fill in the blank with the correct word/s.

1. Protein synthesis begins at the _____ terminus.

2. The energy from the cleavage of ATP and _____ drives the reaction to form aminoacyl-
adenylate intermediates.
3. The third base position in the codon is often referred to as the _______base.
4. In prokaryotic cells the initiator tRNA is charged with ______.
5. When a stop codon is at the ribosomal “A” site, a ______ factor binds to the site instead of a new
aminoacyl-tRNA.

II. Essay.

1. How is the start codon recognized by the ribosome in prokaryotic translation?

2. How is the start codon recognized by the ribosome in eukaryotic translation?
3. What are the functions of eEF1A and eEF1B?
4. Give two factors that maintain the fidelity of translation.
6. Explain how agarose gel electrophoresis separate DNA samples cleaved by restriction
endonucleases based solely on its size without considering the following: (explain for
each)
a. charge
b. shape
7. What is the advantage of having multiple cloning sites in the plasmid vector?
8. What is the advantage of blue/white screening over selection method through replica
plating?
9. Why is temperature control so important in PCR?
10. What is Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism?
11. Why is replication terminated by the attachment of 2’,3’-dideoxyribonucleoside
triphosphate in the growing polynucleotide chain?