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    Networking Concepts Protocols

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    Popescu Cosmin
    The document discusses the OSI model and its 7 layers used to interconnect computer systems in a network. It describes the functions of each layer, from the physical layer dealing with hardware up to the application layer. It then discusses common network protocols used for various functions like file transfer (FTP, SSH), email (POP3, IMAP, SMTP), authentication (LDAP), network services (DHCP, DNS), and network management (Telnet, SSH). It also covers transport protocols TCP and UDP and how firewalls use access control lists (ACLs) to filter network traffic based on IP addresses, ports and protocols.

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    Networking Concepts Protocols

    Uploaded by

    Popescu Cosmin
    43 views3 pages
    The document discusses the OSI model and its 7 layers used to interconnect computer systems in a network. It describes the functions of each layer, from the physical layer dealing with hardware up to the application layer. It then discusses common network protocols used for various functions like file transfer (FTP, SSH), email (POP3, IMAP, SMTP), authentication (LDAP), network services (DHCP, DNS), and network management (Telnet, SSH). It also covers transport protocols TCP and UDP and how firewalls use access control lists (ACLs) to filter network traffic based on IP addresses, ports and protocols.

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    Original Title

    networking Concepts Protocols

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    The document discusses the OSI model and its 7 layers used to interconnect computer systems in a network. It describes the functions of each layer, from the physical layer dealing with hardware up to the application layer. It then discusses common network protocols used for various functions like file transfer (FTP, SSH), email (POP3, IMAP, SMTP), authentication (LDAP), network services (DHCP, DNS), and network management (Telnet, SSH). It also covers transport protocols TCP and UDP and how firewalls use access control lists (ACLs) to filter network traffic based on IP addresses, ports and protocols.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as odt, pdf, or txt
    43 views3 pages

    Networking Concepts Protocols

    Uploaded by

    Popescu Cosmin
    The document discusses the OSI model and its 7 layers used to interconnect computer systems in a network. It describes the functions of each layer, from the physical layer dealing with hardware up to the application layer. It then discusses common network protocols used for various functions like file transfer (FTP, SSH), email (POP3, IMAP, SMTP), authentication (LDAP), network services (DHCP, DNS), and network management (Telnet, SSH). It also covers transport protocols TCP and UDP and how firewalls use access control lists (ACLs) to filter network traffic based on IP addresses, ports and protocols.

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    Download as odt, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    OSI Model-Interconectarea sistemelor deschise, o stiva de protocoale folosita pentru a realiza o

    retea de calculatoare

    1)physical layer(Cablu coaxial, wi-fi,radio,fibra)


    2)data link layer(Internet)
    3)network layer(IP-uri,)
    4)transport layer-(tcp tranmission control protocol)
    7)application layer- (http- hypertext transfer protocol)

    5) session layer
    6) presentation layer

    Protocols and Port Numbers

    Application Protocol

    Transferring Data- pentru http portul default este 80, pentru https 443

    File transfer- server->client or server ->client, sunt folosite:FTP:20 si 21(file transfer protocol),
    sFTP:22(secure file transfer protocol), TFTP :69(trivial file transfer protocol, transfer fisiere mici)

    Email->POP3(Post office protocol), IMAP(Internet Message Access Protocol)(folosite pentru a


    prelua mail-uri de la server), SMTP(Simple mail transfer protocol) folosit pentru a trimite mail de la
    client la Server

    Porturi folosite:
    Pop3-trafiec necriptat 110
    -trafic criptat 995
    Imap -necriptat 143
    criptat- 993
    SMTP -necriptat 25
    Criptat 465

    Authentication- LDAP(389) si LDAPs(636)

    Network Services- DHCP(Dynamic Host configuration protocol) protocol de retea ce ofera


    configuratia necesara dispozitivelor noi pentru a accesa reteaua si internetul (Adresa
    ip+masca,default gateway,dns Server)

    DNS- Domain name system- translatare nume (google.com) intr-o adresa Ip


    CMD->nslookup (ex: nslookup google.com)

    NTP->Network time Protocol

    Network Management-Telnet(23) si SSH(22)


    Transport Protocol

    1) TCP- asigura transportul transmisiilor,se asigura ca fiecare bit din fisierul primit este identic
    cu fisierul de pe serverul respectiv
    -asigura retransmiterea pachetelor in cazul in care acestea se pierd
    -ordoneaza pachetele- se asigura ca ajung la fel cum au fost trimise
    stbileste conexiune intre client si server
    2) UDP (User Datagram Protocol)-transmiterea informatiilor fara conexiune,nu necesita
    confiramare de primire,nu ofera siguranta transmiterii datelor

    Firewall

    ACL- access control list- un set de reguli cu scopul de a bloca sau permite accesul dintr-o
    retea la o anumita resursa,reguli setate pentru routere sau firewall-uri
    ex: 162.213.214.140 -allow
    54.21.66.112 -Allow
    40.55.130.66 -deny

    ACL-ul standard filtreaza traficul dupa IP-ul sursa


    ex: ip 10... nu ii mai dau voie sa acceseze reteaua
    #deny 10.0.0.8
    #permit any

    ACL-extended -filtrarea traficului dupa:


    -ip sursa
    -ip destinatie
    -port sursa
    -port destinatie
    -protocol(ip,tcp,udp,etc)

    ofera flexibilitate mai mare cand vine vorba de control


    Sintaxa:
    ACL-standard
    #ip accesss-list standard NUME
    #permit ip_sursa wildcard_mask

    ACL- extended
    #ip access-list extended NUME
    #permit protocol ip_sursa wildcard_maxk port_sursa ip_destinatie wildcard_mask port_destinatie

    ACL-urile se configureaza cat mai aproape de sursa

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