Indian

Administrative
Service

The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) is

the administrative arm of the All India
Services.[3] Considered the premier civil
service of India,[3][4] the IAS is one of the
three arms of the All India Services along
with the Indian Police Service (IPS) and
the Indian Forest Services (IFoS).
Members of these three services serve
the Government of India as well as the
individual states. IAS officers may also
be deployed to various public sector
undertakings.
 Indian Administrative Service
Service overview

Motto: योगः कमसु कौशलम् (Sanskrit)

"Unity is Excellence at Work"

Formerly known as Imperial Civil Service

(ICS)

Founded 1858
(as Imperial Civil Service)
26 January 1950
(as Indian
Administrative
Service)

Country India
Staff college Lal Bahadur Shastri
National Academy of
Administration,
Mussoorie,
Uttarakhand

Cadre controlling Department of

authority Personnel and
Training, Ministry of
Personnel, Public
Grievances and
Pensions

Minister responsible Narendra Modi,

Prime Minister of
India and Minister of
Personnel, Public
Grievances and
Pensions

Legal personality Governmental; civil

Legal personality Governmental; civil
service

Duties Policy formulation

Policy
implementation
Public administration
Bureaucratic
governance
Secretarial
assistance (Central
and State)

Preceding service Imperial Civil Service

(1858–1946)

Cadre strength 4,926 members

(3,511 officers
directly recruited by
the Union Public
Service Commission
and 1,415 officers
 and 1,415 officers
promoted from state
civil services)[1][2]

Selection Civil Services

Examination

Association IAS (Central)

Association

Head of the civil services

Cabinet Secretary of Rajiv Gauba, IAS

India

As with other countries following the

Westminster parliamentary system of
government, the IAS is a part of the
permanent bureaucracy of the nation,[5]
and is an inseparable part of the
executive of the Government of India. As
such, the bureaucracy remains politically
neutral and guarantees administrative
continuity to the ruling party or
coalition.[5]

Upon confirmation of service, an IAS

officer serves a probationary period as a
sub-divisional magistrate. Completion of
this probation is followed by an executive
administrative role in a district as a
district magistrate and collector which
lasts several years, as long as sixteen
years in some states. After this tenure,
an officer may be promoted to head a
whole state division, as a divisional
commissioner.
On attaining the higher scales of the pay
matrix, IAS officers may lead government
departments or ministries. In these roles,
IAS officers represent the country at the
international level in bilateral and
multilateral negotiations. If serving on a
deputation, they may be employed in
intergovernmental organisations such as
the World Bank, the International
Monetary Fund, the Asian Development
Bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment
Bank, or the United Nations, or its
agencies. IAS officers are also involved in
the conduct of elections in India as
mandated by the Election Commission of
India.
History
During the occupation of India by the
East India Company, the civil services
were classified into three – covenanted,
uncovenanted and special civil services.
The covenanted civil service, or the East
India Company's Civil Service (HEICCS),
as it was called, largely comprised British
civil servants occupying the senior posts
in the government.[4][6][7] The
uncovenanted civil service was
introduced solely to facilitate the entry of
Indians onto the lower rung of the
administration.[6][7][8] The special service
comprised specialised departments,
such as the Indian Forest Service, the
Imperial Police and the Indian Political
Service, whose ranks were drawn from
either the covenanted civil service or the
British Indian Army. The Imperial Police
included many British Indian Army
officers among its members, although
after 1893 an annual exam was used to
select its officers.[8][7] In 1858 the
HEICCS was replaced by the Indian Civil
Service (ICS),[6][7] which became the
highest civil service in the British Raj
between 1858 and 1947. The last British
appointments to the ICS were made in
1942.[7][8]

With the passing of the Government of

India Act 1919 by the Parliament of the
United Kingdom, the Indian civil services
—under the general oversight of the
Secretary of State for India—were split
into two arms, the All India Services and
the Central Services.[9] The Indian Civil
Service was one of the ten All India
Services.

In 1946 at the Premier's Conference, the

Central Cabinet decided to form the
Indian Administrative Service, based on
the Indian Civil Service;[10][11] and the
Indian Police Service, based on the
Imperial Police.[10]

There is no alternative to this

administrative system... The
Union will go, you will not
have a united India if you do
not have good All-India Service
which has the independence to
speak out its mind, which has
[the] sense of security that you
will standby [sic] your work...
If you do not adopt this course,
then do not follow the present
Constitution. Substitute
something else... these people
are the instrument. Remove
them and I see nothing but a
picture of chaos all over the
country.
 — Vallabhbhai Patel in the
Constituent Assembly of India
discussing the role of All India
Services., [12][13][14][15][16]

When India was partitioned following the

departure of the British in 1947, the
Indian Civil Service was divided between
the new dominions of India and Pakistan.
The Indian remnant of the ICS was
named the Indian Administrative
Service,[17] while the Pakistani remnant
was named the Pakistan Administrative
Service. The modern Indian
Administrative Service was created under
Article 312(2) in part XIV of the
Constitution of India,[18][19] and the All
India Services Act, 1951.[20]

Recruitment

The Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of

Administration in Mussoorie, Uttarakhand is the
staff training college of the IAS

Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, interacting

with IAS officers of 2015 batch (on probation)
There are three modes of recruitment
into the Indian Administrative Service.
IAS officers may enter the IAS by passing
the Civil Services Examination, which is
conducted by the Union Public Service
Commission (UPSC).[3] Officers recruited
this way are called direct recruits. Some
IAS officers are also recruited from the
state civil services,[3] and, in rare cases,
selected from non-state civil service.[3]
The ratio between direct recruits and
promotees is fixed at 2:1. All IAS officers,
regardless of the mode of entry, are
appointed by the President of India.[18]

Only about 180 candidates out of over

1 million applicants, who apply through
the Civil Services Examination (CSE), are
successful, a success rate of less than
0.01 per cent.[10][21] As a result, the
members of the service are often
referred as "heaven-born".[22][23]

Unlike candidates appointed to other civil

services, a successful IAS candidate is
rendered ineligible to re-enter the Civil
Services Examination.[24] From 1951 to
1979, an IAS candidate was required to
submit two additional papers, as well as
three optional papers (instead of two as
with other civil services) to be eligible for
the Indian Administrative Service or the
Indian Foreign Service. The two
additional papers were postgraduate
level submissions, compared to the
graduate level of the optional papers, and
it was this distinction that resulted in a
higher status for the IAS and IFS. The
two postgraduate level submissions
were later removed, but this has not
changed the perceived higher status of
the IAS and IFS.[25][26] After the selection
process, the successful candidates
undergo training at the Lal Bahadur
Shastri National Academy of
Administration in Mussoorie,
Uttarakhand.[11]

State cadres …

Cadre allocation policy …

The central government announced a
new cadre allocation policy for the All
India Services in August 2017, touting it
as a policy to ensure national integration
of the bureaucracy and to ensure an All
India character of the services.[27][28][29]
The existing twenty-six cadres were to be
divided into five zones by the Department
of Personnel and Training.[30][31][32][33]
Under the new policy, a candidate first
selects their zones of preference, in
descending order, then indicates a cadre
preference from each preferred zone.
The candidate indicates his second
cadre preference for every preferred zone
subsequently. The preference for the
zones and cadres remains in the same
order and no change is
permitted.[27][28][29]

Officers remain in their allocated cadre or

are deputed to the Government of
India.[3][34]

Zones under the current cadre allocation policy

Zone Cadres

Zone- AGMUT (Arunachal Pradesh-Goa-Mizoram and Union Territories), Jammu and

I Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana

Zone-
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha
II

Zone-
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
III

Zone-
West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam-Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura and Nagaland
IV

Zone-
Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala
V

Previous cadre allocation policies …

Until 2008, there was no formal system

that permitted the selection of a state
cadre preferred by the candidate. If the
candidate was not placed in a vacancy in
their home state, they would be allocated
to other states, which were selected from
a roster in alphabetic order, starting from
'a', 'h', 'm' or 't', depending on the year. For
example, if in a particular year the roster
begins from 'a', then the first candidate
on the roster will go to the Andhra
Pradesh state cadre, the next one to
Bihar, and then to Chhattisgarh, Gujarat
and so on in alphabetical order.[35] The
next year the roster starts from 'h', for
either Haryana or Himachal Pradesh (the
two states alternate roster years). This
system, practised since the mid-1980s,
ensured that officers from different
states were placed all over India.
The system of permanent state cadres
resulted in wide disparities of
professional exposure for officers when
comparing those from developed versus
less developed states.[35][36] Changes in
state cadres were only permitted on
grounds of marriage to an All India
Services officer of another state cadre or
under other exceptional circumstances.
The officers were allowed to go to their
home state cadre on deputation for a
limited period after which they would be
required to return to their allocated
cadre.[35][36]

From 2008, IAS officers were assigned to

state cadres at the beginning of their
service. There was one cadre for each
Indian state, except for two joint cadres:
Assam–Meghalaya and Arunachal
Pradesh–Goa–Mizoram–Union
Territories (AGMUT).[36] The "insider-
outsider ratio" (ratio of officers who were
posted to their home states to those
from other states) was maintained at 1:2,
with one-third of the direct recruits being
'insiders' from the same state.[37] The
rest were posted as outsiders according
to the state allocation roster in states
other than their home states,[37] as
indicated by their preference.

Responsibilities of an IAS
officer
The Prime Minister with the IAS Officers of 2017
batch, in New Delhi.

The typical functions performed by an

IAS officer are:

To collect revenue and function as

court officials in matters of revenue
and crime (for the revenue courts and
criminal courts of executive
magistrates), to maintain law and
order, to implement union and state
government policies at the grass-roots
level when posted to field positions i.e.
as sub-divisional magistrates,
additional district magistrates, district
magistrates and divisional
commissioners, and to act as an agent
of the government in the field, i.e. to
act as an intermediary between the
public and the government.[4][38][39][40]
To handle the administration and daily
proceedings of the government,
including the formulation and
implementation of policy in
consultation with the minister-in-
charge of a specific ministry or
department.[4][38][39][40]
To contribute to policy formulation,
and to make a final decision in certain
 matters, with the agreement of the
minister concerned or the council of
ministers (depending upon the weight
of the matter), when posted at the
higher level in the Government of India
as a joint secretary, additional
secretary, special secretary or
secretary equivalent, secretary and
Cabinet Secretary, and in state
governments as secretary, principal
secretary, additional chief secretary or
special chief secretary and chief
secretary.[4][38][39][40]

Career progression
At the beginning of their career, IAS
officers receive district training with their
home cadres followed by their first
posting. Their initial role is as a sub-
divisional magistrate (SDM) and they are
placed in charge of a district sub-
division. As SDMs, they are entrusted
with maintaining law and order, as well
as general administration and
development work, of the sub-division.[40]
With the completion of their training, IAS
officers are assigned to various posts in
the state and union governments, and in
local-self governments, (municipal
corporations, zilla parishads), and public
sector undertakings.[41]

In 2015 it was announced that a new

designation of Assistant Secretary at the
Central Secretariat had been created to
enable new IAS officers to be posted to
Delhi for a three-month assignment as
part of their training regime. IAS officers
were previously only permitted to go on a
deputation once assigned to the Central
Secretariat after nine years of service in
their home cadre. It was observed that
the experience of central functions was
severely lacking among these
deputations, resulting in this change in
their training.[42][43][44]

Completion of this probation is followed

by an executive role in a district as a
district magistrate and collector, which
lasts several years, as long as sixteen
years in some states. After this tenure as
a district magistrate, the officer may be
promoted to head a whole state division,
as a divisional commissioner.

On attaining the apex scale, IAS officers

may lead government departments or
ministries. In these roles, IAS officers
represent the country at the international
level in bilateral and multilateral
negotiations. If serving on a
deputation,[34] they may be employed in
intergovernmental organisations such as
the World Bank,[34][45][46] the International
Monetary Fund,[34][47][48] the Asian
Development Bank,[34][49][50] the Asian
Infrastructure Investment Bank,[51][52][53]
and the United Nations or its
agencies.[34][54][55] IAS officers are also
involved in the conduct of elections in
India as mandated by the Election
Commission of India.[56]
Positions and designations held by IAS officer in their career.[3][57][58]
Position in Position on
Grade (level on Position in Basic
the the Indian
Pay Field posting(s)[3] state monthly
Government order of
Matrix)[57][58] governments[3] salary[57][58]
of India[3] precedence

Cabinet Cabinet
₹250,000
Secretary grade — Secretary of 11
(US$3,600)
(Pay level 18) India
—

Apex scale (Pay Chief ₹225,000

[a]
Secretary[b][c] 23
level 17) secretary (US$3,300)

Higher
administrative ₹182,200
grade (above Principal Additional (US$2,600)
[c] 25
super time secretary secretary —₹224,100
scale) (Pay (US$3,200)
level 15) Divisional
commissioner[d][e]
Senior
administrative ₹144,200
grade (above Secretary-cum- Joint (US$2,100)
26
super time commissioner[e] secretary[c] —₹218,200
scale) (Pay (US$3,200)
level 14)

—
₹118,500
Special
Selection grade (US$1,700)
secretary-cum- Director[c]
(Pay level 13) —₹214,100
director[e]
(US$3,100)
District
magistrate[f][e]
Junior ₹78,800
administrative Joint Deputy (US$1,100)
grade (Pay level secretary[e] secretary[c] —₹191,500
12) (US$2,800)

Senior time Additional district Deputy — ₹67,700

scale (Pay level magistrate[g][e] secretary[e] (US$980)
11)
 —₹160,000
(US$2,300)

₹56,100
Junior time
Sub-divisional (US$810)
scale (Pay level [h][e] —
magistrate —₹132,000
10)
(US$1,900)

Notes

a. IAS officers of the designations additional chief secretary and special chief secretary
draw same pay as the chief secretary of the state but not same protocol.[59][60][61]

b. IAS officers of the designation special secretary to the Government of India or secretary-
equivalent draw the same pay as a secretary to the Government of India but not same
protocol.[62][63][64]

c. Subject to empanelment in union government

d. Alternate designations – Regional commissioner, revenue divisional commissioner.

e. Alternate designations and nomenclature can differs from state to state.

f. Alternate designations – District collector, deputy commissioner.[65]

g. Alternate designations – Chief development officer, district development officer, project

director of DRDA, DUDA, IRDP etc., additional district collector, joint collector, additional
deputy commissioner, CEO of zila parishad.

h. Alternate designations – Deputy collector, sub-divisional officer, sub-collector, joint

magistrate, assistant commissioner[65]

Upon retirement, high ranking IAS

officers have occupied constitutional
posts such as the Chief Election
Commissioner of India,[66] the
Comptroller and Auditor General of
India,[67] and the chairperson of the Union
Public Service Commission (UPSC).[68]
They have also become members of
administrative tribunals, such as the
National Green Tribunal and the Central
Administrative Tribunal, as well as chiefs
of regulators including the Telecom
Regulatory Authority of India,[69] the
Securities and Exchange Board of
India,[70][71] and the Reserve Bank of
India.[72] If a serving IAS officer is
appointed to a constitutional post such
as Comptroller and Auditor General of
India, Chief Election Commissioner of
India or chairperson of UPSC or as head
of a statutory authority, such as the
National Human Rights Commission, the
National Commission for Women or the
Central Information Commission, he or
she is deemed to have retired from
service.[73][74][75]

IAS officers can also be deputed to

private organisations for a fixed tenure
under Rule 6(2)(ii) of the Indian
Administrative Service (Cadre) Rules,
1954.[76][77]

Assessment of suitability for

promotion and posting
…

The performance of IAS officers is

assessed through a performance
appraisal report. The reports are
reviewed to judge the suitability of an
officer before a promotion or a posting in
the union or state governments. The
report is compiled annually and is
initiated by the officers themselves,
designated as the reporting officer, who
list their achievements, completion of
assigned activities and targets for the
year. The report is then modified and
commented on by the reviewing officer,
usually the superior of the reporting
officer. Reports are forwarded by the
reviewing officer to the accepting
authority, who conducts a final review of
the report.[3]

Major concerns and reforms

Shortage of officers …

It was reported in 2017 that there is a

shortage of about 1,700 IAS officers in
the country.[78][79][80] Despite this, the
government has stated that annual
recruitment of IAS officers will not
increase, to avoid impacting the career
progression of existing officers and the
overall structure of the service.[10][81]

Lateral entry …

Media personalities, some retired IAS

officers and a few academics have
argued in favour of lateral entry into the
IAS to inject fresh blood into the service.
They argue that it would help refresh the
bureaucracy, offer competitiveness and
bring in alternate
perspectives.[82][83][84][85][86][87] A counter-
argument has been put forward that a
lateral entry process could be
manipulated due to corruption and
cronyism.[88] It is further argued that
lateral entry would not lead to
improvements in managerial
performance or accountability,[89] and
while it may create synergy between the
government and big businesses, it could
also compromise the integrity of
government.[90] It has also been argued
that it could weaken the bureaucracy
instead.[91] The union government has
frequently ruled out lateral entry into the
IAS.[92][93][94]

Political influence …

The IAS is hamstrung by

political interference, outdated
personnel procedures, and a
mixed record on policy
implementation, and it is in
need of urgent reform. The
Indian government should
reshape recruitment and
promotion processes, improve
performance-based assessment
 of individual officers, and
adopt safeguards that promote
accountability while protecting
bureaucrats from political
meddling.

— Vaishnav Milan and

Saksham Khosla, The
Indian Administrative
Service Meets Big Data,
Carnegie Endowment for
International Peace,
[95][96][97]

Several think tanks and media outlets

have argued that the IAS is hamstrung by
political influence within the
service.[17][96][97][98] It has been reported
that many local political leaders have
been seen to have interfered with IAS
officers. Politicians have also exerted
pressure on IAS officers by repeatedly
transferring them,[99][100][101][102]
suspending them,[103][104][105] beating
them,[106][107][108] and, in some extreme
cases, killing them.[109][110]

While hearing T. S. R. Subramanian v.

Union of India, the Supreme Court of India
ruled that IAS officers – and other civil
servants – were not required to act on
oral instructions given by politicians as
they 'undermined
credibility'.[111][112][113][114]
Corruption …

In 2015, it was reported by the

Government of India that a hundred IAS
officers had come under scrutiny by the
Central Bureau of Investigation for
alleged corruption.[115][116][117][118] In
2017 Government records showed that
379 IAS officers had deliberately failed to
submit details of their immovable assets
(IPR).[119] Since 2007, a number of chief
secretaries[120][121][122] and a principal
secretary[123][124][125] have been arrested
in cases of graft or money
laundering.[126][127][128] IAS officers have
been found amassing disproportionate
assets and wealth varying from
₹200 crore (equivalent to ₹254 crore or
US$37 million in 2018),[129] to ₹350 crore
(equivalent to ₹587 crore or
US$85 million in 2018).[129][130] In 2016 it
was reported that the Government would
provide the means to prosecute corrupt
IAS officers,[131] with the Ministry of
Personnel, Public Grievances and
Pensions agreeing to receive requests
from private citizens seeking punitive
measures against IAS officers even
without supporting documentation.[131]

In 2017, a Central Bureau of Investigation

special court in Delhi sentenced a former
Union Coal Secretary and two other IAS
officers to two years in prison for their
involvement in the coal allocation
scam.[132][133]

In 2017 it was reported by the

Department of Personnel and Training,
part of the Ministry of Personnel, Public
Grievances and Pensions, that, since
2014, one IAS officer was prematurely
retired from service, ten IAS officers had
been deemed to have resigned, five had
their pensions cut, and a further eight IAS
officers suffered a cut in
remuneration.[134][135][136][137]

In 2018 the Union Minister of State for

Personnel, Public Grievances and
Pensions, Jitendra Singh, informed the
Lok Sabha that disciplinary proceedings
were underway against 36 IAS
officers.[138]

Fake cases …

A number of false cases have been

registered against IAS officers as a tactic
to prevent them from taking action
against the reporting
individuals.[139][140][141]

Missing IAS officers …

In June 2015, The Telegraph reported that

twelve IAS officers had gone missing,
and had not reported to either the union
or the state government for their
allocated cadre.[2] It was believed that
they were working in foreign countries
for companies such as Microsoft for
more lucrative pay.[2] The Asian Age later
reported that the services of three of the
twelve officers were likely to be
terminated due to "prolonged absence
from service".[142]

Notable IAS officers

Naresh Chandra, former IAS officer, former Cabinet

Secretary of India. recipient of India's second
highest civilian honour
Naresh Chandra; a retired 1956 batch
IAS officer of Rajasthan cadre, who
served as the Cabinet Secretary of
India, Defence Secretary of India,
Home Secretary of India, Water
Resources Secretary of India and
Indian Ambassador to the United
States.[143][144][145] He was awarded
India's second-highest civilian honour,
the Padma Vibhushan, for civil service,
in 2007.[146][147][148]
Narinder Nath Vohra (N. N. Vohra); a
retired 1959 batch IAS officer of
Punjab cadre and the 12th Governor of
the state of Jammu and Kashmir,
Vohra was the first civilian Governor of
Jammu and Kashmir in 18 years since
Jagmohan. Vohra has also served as
the Principal Secretary to the Prime
Minister of India, Home Secretary of
India, Defence Secretary of India and
Defence Production Secretary of
India.[149][150][151] He was awarded
India's second-highest civilian honour,
the Padma Vibhushan, for civil service,
in 2007.[146][147][148]
T. N. Seshan; a retired 1955 batch IAS
officer of Tamil Nadu cadre, notable for
enacting significant reforms to
electoral oversight in India.[152][153] He
was the 10th Chief Election
Commissioner of India (1990–96), who
reformed elections by ending electoral
malpractice throughout the country[154]
and strengthened the image of the
Election Commission of India.[155][156]
He previously served as the 18th
Cabinet Secretary of India in 1989, and
later as a member of the Planning
Commission. He was presented the
Ramon Magsaysay Award for
government service in 1996.[157]
Vinod Rai; a retired 1972 batch IAS
officer of Kerala cadre, who served as
the 11th Comptroller and Auditor
General of India. He is widely
considered a symbol of the anti-
corruption movement in India.[158] He
also served as the Financial Services
Secretary of India. Rai was awarded
India's third highest civilian honour, the
Padma Bhushan, for civil service, in
2016.[159][160][161]
Duvvuri Subbarao; a retired 1972 batch
IAS officer of Andhra Pradesh cadre.
He served as the 22nd Governor of the
Reserve Bank of India (RBI). A former
Finance Secretary of India, he also
served as a member of the Prime
Minister's Economic Advisory Council,
and as a senior economist in the World
Bank. Subbarao's selection as RBI
governor in 2008 was coincidental with
the outbreak of the global financial
crisis.[162] His leadership is generally
credited with safeguarding the Indian
 economy through the financial
crisis.[163]
Yogendra Narain; a retired 1965 batch
IAS officer of Uttar Pradesh cadre. He
is a former Secretary-General of Rajya
Sabha,[164][165] who also served as the
Defence Secretary of India, Chief
Secretary of Uttar Pradesh as well as
Surface Transport Secretary of
India.[164][165] He was awarded the
Dean Paul H. Appleby Award, for
distinguished civil service, in
2017.[166][167][168]

See also
Special Duty Allowance (SDA)
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Bibliography

Books …
Ghose, Bhaskar (2011). The Service of the
State: The IAS Reconsidered. New Delhi:
Penguin Group (published 9 June 2011).
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Indian Polity: A view of system of
administration in India (classic reprint).
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December 2017). ISBN 978-1333187644.
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Chattopadhyaya, Haraprasad; Baghel, Indu
(2015). Indian Administration. New Delhi:
Global Vision Publishing House. ISBN 978-
8182207134. OCLC 927511141 .
Tummala, Krishna Kumar (1996). Public
Administration in India. Mumbai: Allied
Publishers. ISBN 978-8170235903.
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Laxmikanth, M. (2014). Governance in India
(2nd ed.). Noida: McGraw-Hill Education
(published 25 August 2014). ISBN 978-
9339204785.
Sabharwal, Meghna; Berman, Evan M., eds.
(2013). Public Administration in South Asia:
India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan (Public
Administration and Public Policy). Abingdon-
on-Thames: Routledge. ISBN 978-
1439869116. OCLC 1004349979 .
Goel, S.L.; Rajneesh, Shalini (2002). Public
Personnel Administration : Theory and
Practice. Foreword by Vasundhara Raje.
Delhi: Deep and Deep Publications.
ISBN 978-8176293952. OCLC 51300460 .
Saxena, Vaishali (2003). Bureaucracy on
Wheels: Trauma of Transfers in the Indian
Administrative Service. Jaipur: Aalekh
 Publishers. ISBN 978-8187359210.
OCLC 191202280 .
Malik, Yogendra K.; Kennedy, Charles H.;
Oberst, Robert C.; Kapur, Ashok; Lawoti,
Mahendra; Rahman, Syedur (2001).
Government And Politics In South Asia (5th
ed.). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press
(now Routledge) (published 7 September
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Papers …

Baswan, B. S.; Barik, R. K.; Ali, Dr. Akber;

Singh, Pankaj Kumar (2016). "To take a
comprehensive look at the requirement of
IAS officers over a longer time frame"
(PDF). Department of Personnel and
Training, Government of India. New Delhi:
Indian Institute of Public Administration.
Retrieved 23 January 2018.
Banik, Dan (1 June 2001). "The transfer raj:
Indian civil servants on the move" . The
European Journal of Development Research.
13 (1): 106.
doi:10.1080/09578810108426783 .
ISSN 0957-8811 . OCLC 55042966 – via
Palgrave Macmillan.
Vaishnav, Milan; Khosla, Saksham (1
September 2016). "The Indian
Administrative Service Meets Big Data"
(PDF). Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Schiavo-Campo, Salvatore; Tommaso, de
Giulio; Mukherjee, Amitabha (1999).
Government Employment and Pay: A Global
 and Regional Perspective. Washington D. C.:
World Bank. OCLC 913715804 .

Further reading
Arora, Keshav Chandra (1996). The Steel
Frame: Indian Civil Service Since 1860. New
Delhi: Sanchar Publishing House. ISBN 978-
8172030346. OCLC 605601059 .
Natarajan, Gulzar; Subbarao, Duvvuri (30
December 2017). "Changing chalta hai" .
The Indian Express. OCLC 70274541 .
Retrieved 26 January 2018.
Maheswari, S. R. (2006). Public
Administration in India: The Higher Civil
Service. Delhi: Oxford University Press
(published 5 June 2006). ISBN 978-
0195683769. OCLC 820503225 .
External links
Media related to Indian
Administrative Service at Wikimedia
Commons
Civil list of Indian Administrative
Service officers as maintained by
Department of Personnel and Training
of Government of India.
Executive record sheets of IAS
Officers by Department of Personnel
and Training of Government of India.

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