Top#5 Essays On Social - Society Issues Related Matters PDF

11/7/2018 Top#5 Essays on Social/Society Issues Related Matters
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Top#5 Essays on Social/Society Issues

Related Matters
 November 7, 2018  Naeem Javid  0 Comments  Essay#1: Human Development - The
Status of Pakistan | Complete Essay with Outline, Essay#2: Culture and Cognition - Complete Essay
Precision XY Stage
with Outline, Essay#3: Cultural Constraints to Development | Complete Essay, Essay#4: The Incivility
Heavy load capacity, power work, live longer,
and Unsocial Behavior on Social Media | Complete Essay, Essay#5: Honor crimes - Pakistan Status customization, Best offer!
Quo | Complete Essay, Top #5 Education Related Essays  Edit fuyumotion
Contents 
1. Essay#1: Human Development – The Status of Pakistan | Complete Essay
with Outline
2. Essay#2: Culture and Cognition – Complete Essay with Outline
3. Essay#3: Cultural Constraints to Development | Complete Essay
1
S HA RES
https://techurdu.net/top5-essays-on-social-society-issues-related-matters/ 1/20
4. Essay#4: The Incivility and Unsocial Behavior on Social Media | Complete Current A airs
Essay English Precis & Composition
5. Essay#5: Honor crimes – Pakistan Status Quo | Complete Essay Essays for Competative
5.1. Top #5 Water Scarcity Issues in Pakistan Essays Examinations
5.2. Top #5 Education Related Essays Optional Subjects

5.2.1. Related Pakistan A airs PSC/CSS
Top#5 Essays on
Essay#1: Human Social/Society
Issues Related
Development – The Status of Matters
 November 7, 2018  Naeem
Pakistan | Complete Essay Javid  0
with Outline
Contents Essay#1: Human
Development – The Status of
Pakistan | Complete Essay
Outline with OutlineEssay#2: Culture

and Cognition – Complete
1. Introduction Essay
2. Human Development Index (HDI) of Pakistan
3. Human Capital Index (HCI) of Pakistan
4. HDI Vs. HCI
Exynos
5. HDI and HCI – Past and Present (World Development Report)
9820 – All
No Investment on People
Latest
Poor Investment on People
Updates &
Lack of Attention to Education and Health
News
Infant Health and Mortality
 November 6, 2018  0
6. Reasons for the Relegated Human Development Status
Spending of Meager Resources on Education and Health
The Model of Development is Development Samsung
Measurement of Economic Growth through GDP Galaxy
Education, Health, Social Welfare are not Primary Goals Note 9 – All
Lower status of Education, Health & Nutrition, and Employment Latest
in the Annual Economic Survey Updates &
Human Development – Not a Primary and Important Goat for News
 November 6, 2018  0
Govts
Govts aren’t Judged by Their Performance of Human
Development Outcomes PlayerUnkn
Human Development is not the End-Goal own’s
Neglection of Human Development in Mega Projects (CPEC) Battlegrou
7. HumanDevelopment – The Future nds (PUBG)
Present Govt and its Priorities – All Latest
Updates & News
 November 6, 2018  0
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Pakistan’s ranking on the Human Development Index (HDI) in 2018, based on Current A airs MCQs
2017 data, is 150th out of 189 countries. India (130th), Bangladesh (136th) and 2018
Nepal (149th) are ahead of us. Sri Lanka, ranked 76th, is the star performer of 605 downloads 11.54 MB
the region. Download

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These are tough times but even when we have had periods of high economic 480 downloads 763.37 KB
growth our gains on the human development side have been modest. High Download
growth did give us rising incomes and signi cant reductions in poverty during 5000 MCQs for all kind of
some periods, but it did not translate into signi cant changes in health and Tests
educational outcomes for most people in the country. 406 downloads 2.48 MB
Download
We also do very poorly in terms of the Human Capital Index that has recently CSS Solved Pair of Words
been launched by the World Bank. Pakistan falls in the bottom quartile of (1972 - 2017)
countries. India is in the second quartile and Sri Lanka in the third. 329 downloads 1.21 MB
Download
The HCI is slightly di erent from the HDI. It focuses a bit more on variables that General Knowledge of
try to capture the human capital aspect. For example, where HDI focuses on World and Pakistan
expected years of schooling, the HCI also takes into account learning during that 327 downloads 1.63 MB
period and tries to get to learning-adjusted ‘years of schooling’. This gives a Download
CSS Solved Idioms from
better idea of what ‘capital’ a person would actually have in terms of learning
1971 to 2014
and knowledge at the end of their schooling experience.
The HDI and HCI ranking of Pakistan tell us two stories. One, we have not Download
English Prepositions
invested in our people. And this is true despite the fact that we have had many
Listed
decades of healthy economic growth as well. Two, even when we have invested 266 downloads 644.23 KB
in our people, the quality of those investments have been poor. Download
Essay Writing Guide
If we have invested in education, we have focused a lot more on access and have 224 downloads 906.91 KB
not worried a whole lot about quality. The di erence in years of schooling and Download
learning-adjusted years of schooling for Pakistan is quite large. This conclusion Essay Writing
has not come out in the recent human capital index alone; it was there in the last 219 downloads 848.77 KB
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World Development Report as well.
BPSC
The low achievement on the health and education fronts should be very PCS/Tehsildar/I.O/AEO
worrying for Pakistan. If our development is not making the lives of our citizens Previous GK (Solved
better, what is the argument for development or growth for? Economic growth is Papers)
not an end in itself; it is important because it allows people to have better lives.
Download
Human development is the goal here.
Complete General
We have a large and young population. If they are not educated and healthy, Knowledge Guide
how can the country even contemplate managing and/ or maintaining high
Download
growth rates?
Book of General
Interestingly, though household-level data in Pakistan shows that we have made Knowledge for
signi cant strides over the last two to three decades in reducing poverty, the PPSC/TMO/TOR/Chief
O cer/Council
correlates of poverty have not moved in the same direction or as much.
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Infant health and mortality, maternal health and mortality, child stunting and
wasting numbers show very slow improvement, stagnation or even reversals in Find Ris
certain areas. Some explanation for this puzzle must come from the quality
Paki
angle that has been mentioned here.
Every government of the past, for the last three or so decades at least, has said
that human development was a top priority for them. Our outcomes do not Pakistan No.1 Rishta Site, Top
show that this could have been the case. Were these governments not able to Ranking in World, Serving Worldwide
make and implement policies to re ect their priorities? The meager resources shaadee.pk
that we spend on education and health as a percentage of GDP give us a good

idea of actual prioritization. We have been ‘promising’ to raise education
spending to four percent of GDP for decades now but it is still stuck at around
Top Posts
2pc to 2.5pc.
Part of the explanation comes from the model of development that almost all PIFRA Monthly Salary Slip
these governments have been using to think about development. Important Questions &
Answers
Economic growth, measured through GDP growth, is central to this model of
development. Economic growth comes automatically through markets or some HOW TO SOLVE WRONG
process of trickle-down and is supposed to take care of human development. GMAIL/EMAIL ID
PROBLEM ON PIFRA?
Employment, jobs, education and health outcomes, social welfare and protection HOW TO UNSUBSCRIBE
from vulnerability are not candidates for primary goals. EMAIL ID TO
PIFRA[Urdu/Hindi]
The Economic Survey, published by the government every year just before the
annual budget, is the key government document that talks about its You have been HACKED!
achievements and the state of the economy. The layout of the Economic Survey
is very telling. The rst chapter is on growth and investment. The next few
chapters look at sectoral growth and performance. Education, health and
Draw Anywhere Using
nutrition and employment are addressed in chapters 10, 11 and 12. The ‘top Augmented Reality
priorities’ of the government do not even merit early mention. Inequality does
not even merit a chapter. The performance of the government is clearly judged
in terms of growth alone.
 It is not just the fact that human development

outcomes are not the primary goal, they have
not even been important goals.
Governments here do not judge their performance by human development

outcomes, they do not set their targets in human development terms and the
economic development model they think through does not recognize human
development as the end-goal. They do not even recognize the instrumental
importance of human development for their cherished goal of economic growth.
There has been a lot of debate on China’s investments in Pakistan recently. Has
human development gured in any of these debates? Most of the latter have
been on issues of economic growth, infrastructure development and
investments. Jobs have gured sometimes, but only as a peripheral concern.
The PTI has, over the last many years, consistently criticized the PML-N
government for its emphasis on growth, investment, and infrastructure
development as opposed to investments in human capital. They are in power
now. It will be interesting to see if they will be able to make human development
their top priority.
READ NEXT: Mega Dams and Catastrophes – An In-Depth Analysis | Complete

Essay with Outline
Courtesy: Faisal Bari
The writer is a senior research fellow at the Institute of Development and Economic
Alternatives and an associate professor economic at Lums, Lahore.
faisal.bari@ideaspak.org
bari@lums.edu.pk
Essay#2: Culture and

Cognition – Complete Essay
with Outline
Outline
Introduction to Culture
Status of Pakistani Culture
Western Culture Vs. Asian Culture
E ects of Our Culture
Thought Experiments
A Culture of Intimidation and Power
Concludatory Remarks
 A nation’s culture resides in the hearts and in

the soul of its people. – Mahatma Gandhi
Culture is the social behavior and norms found in human societies. Culture is
considered a central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of
phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies.
Pakistanis are at the crossroads of a culture that may inhibit certain cognitive
processes. It is impossible to stop people from thinking. But a non-thinking
mindset that’s constrained by the rigid do’s and don’ts of culture can put basic
cognitive processes on hold.
When these are not allowed to run their full cycle their static forms become
ornamental, often meaningless. The sharp edge of inquiry and inquisitiveness
can be dulled when it fails to cut through thick crusts of culture that have
ossi ed over centuries. In the end, violating our personal conscience comes to us
more easily than violating cultural norms.
Also Read: The Five Pillars of The Political Structure | Complete Essay with
Outline
In an experiment in which the picture of an elephant in a jungle was shown to

American subjects of all ages, the image triggered object-recognition in the
lateral occipital region of the brain of non-Asians, young and old. However, the
same image when shown to elderly Asian subjects triggered a di erent region in
the brain. Evidently, an Asian would see a jungle that happened to have an
elephant in it, but a Westerner would see the elephant and might notice the
jungle. An elephant is a towering subject, more so in a room. A jungle is an eco-
system, a culture.
The Western mind responds to the subject. The Asian mind is gripped by the
consciousness of a culture in which the subject, however central, becomes
incidental. Ancient cultures eventually fade because they suppress identities
instead of express them.
How much does our culture a ect our desire to examine a phenomenon
critically? An audience of around 80 primary school teacher trainers (almost all
males) in a small rural town in Pakistan was asked what could be wrong with a
posh-hotel bathroom door that shut magnetically but had no knob on the inside
— just a latch on the top left-hand corner. The puzzled silence that followed was
like a clam that had to be pried open. Most nally said ‘Nothing wrong’, or ‘The
latch is there, Sir’.
The consensus was dented when it was pointed out that a child would not be
able to reach it. It didn’t ap them because “children-related issues lay in the
mother-child domain”. Fathers did not deal with such problems and their
families seldom went on holidays or stayed in posh hotels.
Also Read: Wars, Poverty, and Migration | Complete Essay with Outline
Our culture may play a role in inhibiting basic inquiry of the ‘what if’ kind. It is the
kind that conducts ‘thought experiments’ to test the imagined consequences of
planned activities by rehearsing them mentally. It is essential for planning and
problem-solving. But the veil of culture can prevent the light from entering the
mind to trigger cognitive speculation. It may even sti e the curiosity needed to
provoke such a need.
At a training seminar in Islamabad, an audience of 65 female government

primary school teachers were o ered a ctitious teaser about the consternation
of a husband over a strange news item: a midsummer snowfall in the Murree
hills! His surprise changed to exasperation when his wife, glued to the television,
ignored his exclamations of shock and awe. Next, he called her a ‘dumb deaf-
mute’ to which she turned up the TV volume.
The audience was tasked to gure out what was going on between the couple
and why. To do that the trainer o ered to become a bank of information. He
possessed all they had to know for unraveling the mystery. He would answer all
their questions so all they had to do was ask. To this, the participants sat politely
in stony silence. Not a single question was red. It was clear that they never
asked those in authority (like the trainer) any questions. It would be culturally
inappropriate.
By conforming to this rule, all access to critical information (to solve a problem)
remained unused, like the inactive neurons in their brain. It was not for want of
trying. Questions simply never rose in their minds (‘we don’t know, Sir’), until they
were prompted into asking the husband’s age (68 years). That started the deluge.
When adults can’t ask their superiors questions, they deny themselves the
knowledge they seek to satisfy their own curiosity. The notion of authority itself
is associated with a culture of intimidation and power. These only serve to
conceal the deeper ignorance among ‘superiors’ who are unable to answer
questions correctly. They often resort to the use of authority to suppress inquiry.
Teachers, in transmitting such a culture to their students bury alive our children’s
natural curiosity alongside their own buried long ago.
Quality education demands the arousal of curiosity, then the satisfaction of

curiosity through learning and knowing. A culture that nips this process in the
bud decapitates not the head but much that’s inside it.
Via DAWN
Courtesy: Shad Moarif
Essay#3: Cultural
Constraints to Development
| Complete Essay
Recently, while arguing against the crass materialism and sel shness that
allegedly form the basis of Western culture, the head of a noted religio-political
party stated that in the US a man wouldn’t even buy ice cream for his girlfriend.
Therefore, Pakistanis – generous and caring as they are towards their friends
and relatives – must not emulate the people of the West.
The religious leader echoed a view widely held in our part of the world: that
Western societies are creaking under the strain of materialism (read: lack of
principles) and individualism (read: every man for himself). Let’s assume to our
satisfaction that such a view is consistent with facts. But this is at best a half
truth. The amazing economic and technological progress that the West has made
over the past two centuries – of which we have been the bene ciaries as well –
owes substantially to materialism and individualism, which are properly
understood and divested of the negative ethical connotations that they have
unfortunately acquired in societies like ours.
Development, like poverty, is above all a cultural problem. Capital formation is a

necessary ingredient of development. But no society has made signi cant strides
on the road to economic development by simply building factories or upgrading
the infrastructure. In the course of development, the biggest challenge that a
society faces is to evolve values that support, rather than discourage, e orts for
economic turnaround. Of course, people are free to shun economic
development as a goal if they are not well-disposed towards changes of far-
reaching signi cance in the social structure that the pursuit of the goal entails.
As economists Meier and Baldwin put it, some institutional changes that are not
merely economic must be part of development e orts. “New wants, new
motivations, new ways of production, new institutions need to be created…” The
objective of economic development must become part of society’s value
structure.
A glance at the history of Western Europe and North America would reveal that
economic development was driven by a supportive social structure. On the basis
of Western experience, the outlines of that social structure, equally applicable to
the present developing countries including Pakistan, may be sketched as follows:
First and foremost, a society aspiring for economic development must have a
positive attitude towards life. People by and large must attach high value to life
in the herein. They must not dismiss the world of desire as essentially evil. A
philosophy of otherworldliness is fatal to development. On a positive note, a
society must put a high premium on things material and must be willing to
render the necessary sacri ces. It is only in this sense that Western societies may
be called materialistic. Let’s not forget ‘To be rich is glorious’ was one of the most
powerful watchwords when the Chinese set forth on economic development
during the 1980s.
Not only that, individuals ought to believe that by dint of their e orts, they can
change the course of their life and make the world a better place. Fatalism is
equally fatal to economic progress.
The predominant way of thinking in a society seeking economic development

should be rational and empirical. A set of beliefs should not be treated as
binding merely because it is rooted in traditions or customs regarded as
sacrosanct. One of the most cherished beliefs that the Western society had
inherited was that the earth was in the centre of the universe. However, the
geocentric view never passed the empirical test. In the late Middle Ages, Galileo
was threatened by the all-powerful church to either re-a rm the geocentric view
or face death. Although Galileo acted upon the maxim that discretion is the
better part of valour, eventually it was the heliocentric view that came to prevail.
A scientist is always prepared to have his theories tested. In case of fresh

evidence, which can’t be accounted for by the theory of the day crops up, it is the
theory and not the evidence that is set aside. Such has been the prevailing
attitude in developed societies. By contrast, in backward societies, it is the belief
and not the evidence, which prevails as a matter of principle.
Scienti c attitude gives rise to individualism. If long-held traditions can be

questioned, the claim of the group – clan, tribe, society – as their repository to be
always right can also be. Individualism, contrary to what is popularly believed in
our part of the world, does not mean letting everyone do what they want; it
means giving individuals the right to think and decide for themselves. In modern
states, the individual’s freedom of conscience, expression, association,
movement and profession are regarded as fundamental rights guaranteed by
the constitution viz-a-viz both society and the government. Individualism also
forms the basis of democracy, where public o ces are open to all and where
every vote counts equally.
The right of the individual to economic initiative played an important role in the
growth of capitalism and the accompanying technological and economic
development. As one economist puts it, “high need achievement, high need
autonomy, and high need dominance” are essential features of an industrialised
society. The value of the individual is determined by the status he or she
acquires by dint of his or her hard work rather than by the status ascribed at
birth. Venues of social mobility – both upward and downward – are wide open,
resulting in the circulation of the elite.
By contrast, societies which look upon individualism as dangerous and seek to

suppress it either through the state machinery or through collective action –
such as a mob – nd it exceedingly di cult to break the shackles of
underdevelopment. One of the changes that economic development entails is
displacement of the existing elite – the landed gentry, the clergy, etc. To
safeguard their position, the elite use the dominant narrative to silence
dissenting voices.
Development necessitates changes in the family structure as well. Since the joint
family system sti es individual initiative, nucleus family becomes the dominant
form of family organisation. With women increasingly joining the workforce,
decision-making in the family becomes more democratic. Family planning gains
wide acceptance and birth rate comes down. In many under-developed societies,
social norms do not approve of changes in the traditional family organisation,
which runs counter to development e orts.
Development is not without its costs. It has winners as well as losers. But a
society that regards economic progress as a goal worth pursuing must be willing
to pay the necessary costs whether they are in the form of changes in family
organisation, circulation of the elite or transvaluation of the most cherished
values.
The problem with developing countries like Pakistan is that they are keen to
emulate the attractive lifestyle of developed nations – driving in luxury
automobiles, ying in jets and living in centrally air-conditioned houses – but are
not willing to open their culture to changes that have made that lifestyle
possible.
One outcome of this cultural contradiction is that they become a consumption-

oriented society, which time and again has to borrow from the developed
nations, whose values they otherwise assail.
By: Zahid Hussain
mail: hussainhzaidi@gmail.com
Essay#4: The Incivility and

Unsocial Behavior on Social
Media | Complete Essay
By: Dr Waheed Asghar (CSP)
The advent of social media has revolutionized the modern-day means of

communication. Facebook, Twitter along with blogging sites have provided us
with new avenues to communicate and disseminate our views and thoughts to a
larger audience that was once a prerogative of politicians and journalists only.
These blogs and forums, commonly referred to as “Social Media”, when hit the
internet world; they became the voice of public within no time. The primary
reason behind the immense popularity and surge of the social media was that
both electronic and print media – newspapers, radio and TV channels – failed to
give due space to voices who dissented the authorities or governments. It
befuddled many governments and societies through its community-building
capacity.
Note: The essay includes some old statistics/events/dates so please update

these as per current scenario. Also since the mode of Social Media has changed
a lot so add new examples and instances accordingly.
However, as true with other scienti c inventions, poor and irresponsible use of
social media in our society has turned it into a bane rather than a boon for our
social values. Civility is being ebbed away as ‘Unsocial attitudes’ of so-called
warriors on social media are infecting our moral values. Social Media abounds
with fake pro les which are involved in spreading misinformation and levelling
false and often unfounded accusations against popular leaders, journalists,
public gures and even civil servants. This dilemma reveals that the Pakistan
Telecommunication Authority (PTA) is incapable of checking this misuse of
technology. Do we need to learn to live with this idiocy and senselessness? This
remains a burning question for all the concerned and responsible citizens, social
scientists and thinkers. As far as our government is concerned, the main concern
for it is to decide whether it should also take the lead of Gulf governments by
penalizing the people behind these fake IDs for these clear acts of slander and
defamation or not?
Before this social media crept into our lives, people used various means of
communication but all of those were di erent in their nature and in their
respective impacts on society. Means of communication used prior to the advent
of social media were direct in nature as the parties involved in communication
knew each other and there was no scope of anonymity involved anywhere.
Because the identities were known to everyone, it was important for everyone to
remain within limits of civility. In case of political debates, our leaders, writers,
columnists and political analysts used to express their opinion and dissent
through newspapers and readers could comment on those views through letters
to the editor. The newspapers kept a check on the views expressed by general
masses through their editorial policy. Social media removed these barriers and
gave people direct access to such forums where there were no explicit checks.
By making wrong use of right to free speech, they started enjoying unbridled
power and passing comments and expressing opinions about their leaders,
public gures and celebrities. The very nature of social media is such that
imposing checks and applying lters in order to assess the veracity of opinions is
almost impossible.
This new and greater access, no doubt, led to empowerment of people where
everyone had equal access to show his/her sentiments and opinions. The main
intent behind the progression of social media was to provide people with such
forums where they could express their ideas and opinions with a relative ease
and freedom. It also meant that the ones who used to sway the public opinion
could no longer assert their views with impunity without being challenged by
their audience. It made all public statements issued by political leaders,
observations and rulings of the courts, columns as well as comments from
journalists and news-anchors subject to instant criticism by an active audience at
social media.
This vibrant new society surprised everyone with the power of community-
building by organizing people with di erent races and communities under one
common cause. Its greatest manifestation was the Arab Spring where dissenting
youth used Twitter and Facebook to unite the like-minded people and to quickly
disseminate information in order to plan and organize massive countrywide
protests. Even autocratic governments in Gulf had to give in to the pressure of
protestors demanding change.
Social media also lled in the vacuum of electronic media where, for vested
interests or want of commercial value, the latter ignored just voices of the
aggrieved and dejected people. This aspect became evident in Shahzeb murder
case from Karachi where electronic media didn’t highlight this issue until a
massive movement started on social media. It built so much pressure that the
apex court had to intervene and suspects were brought to the book.
Where this emergence of powerful social media proved panacea for many ills, it
has created bigger problems than those it had solved. Without going into the
details of how social media has a ected our relationships and how wasting
billions of hours purposelessly on social media has made us actually antisocial,
let’s examine its impacts on our socio-political lives.
The biggest problem with social media is that anyone can say anything to any
audience irrespective of the basic norms which ought to be followed while
speaking or commenting in public. Ours is a society where dissent is not
encouraged in any institution and where argumentation is limited to debate
competition on annual functions. Majority of population gets no training as to
what should be the conduct during a public debate. In such a scenario, getting
unbridled power of indulging in debate and expressing opinions is playing havoc
with the moral and social ethos of our society.
Couple this fact with the kind of argumentation we witness every evening on
mushrooming commercial current a airs programmes on news channels. Our
leaders, unfortunately, are made to demonize each other in these programmes
like an act. Ironically, at the end of programme, they greet each other and move
to another channel for the similar act. All this nonsense has crept into minds of
our untrained youth equipped with keyboards and modem. With such
intellectual pollution constantly fed to them, all they learn is inept arguing and
incivility which they re ect while interacting on social media.
The most dangerous aspect of this issue is the ability to hide one’s identity and
pretend to pose as one likes. It doesn’t require any identity except an email
which may well be a fake one. Thus, you can be anyone from Roger Federer to
Imran Khan, and from Nawaz Sharif to the Chief Secretary of a province. From
these foundations, emerges the anonymity and mob-mentality where one gets
into a position to bash anyone as one likes without a slightest fear of one’s real
identity being disclosed.
Because there is no e ective control mechanism devised by regulatory bodies,

what we nd on social media is an educated but abusively aggressive youth.
They would vehemently tongue-lash anyone they dislike ignoring the civilized
limits. Many politicians, sportsmen and journalists face the wrath of these
Keyboard Jihadists who believe they are the beacons of moral values, and
rationalize coming down hard on any famous person.
Unfortunately, most of the political parties have hired these Tech-warriors in

order to wage a ‘war’ against their opponents. The weapon of this war is
propaganda by disseminating misinformation and levelling false accusations
against opponents. These social media warriors or e-brigades have become a

nuisance for the society as many politicians and journalists nd themselves in an
embarrassing situation due to “unsocial campaigns” and they have no option but
to issue clari cations and tender apologies for no fault of theirs.
The height of this nonsense was observed during the General Elections 2013.
Some techno-jingoists used every unfair means to propagate for their parties.
But ironically, majority of such campaigns were based on falsehood, fabricated
videos, half-truths and fake accounts. From these fake pro les of renowned
scholars and leaders, they issued statements in favour of their parties. Ironically,
their slogan was ‘free and fair’ elections. Election results came as a surprise for
many; more so for these e-superheroes. Driven by rigging complaints in a few
constituencies, these warriors created a chaotic atmosphere trying to sabotage
the whole process.
This growing peril demands a swift action from those at the helm of a airs as
well as from civil society. Surely, a crackdown against social media, like in case of
YouTube, won’t be a wise option. Unlike Gulf States, where courts have
sentenced people for dissent on social media, we need a crackdown against
these fake pro les. Facebook and Twitter may be asked to link user accounts on
these sites to mobile numbers used in Pakistan by these users. It would remove
the anonymity and facelessness from these warriors and at least they would
realize that their real identities are known to everyone and they will have to face
the music for their ‘shares’.
All the political parties and their leadership should tighten their lter against fake
pro les and abusive posts. Political parties especially need to denounce and
condemn in clear words any such e-Brigades that are tarnishing their names as
well. It is their responsibility to cultivate in their workers a sense to abide by the
moral and ethical values and societal norms while professing their political
agendas. Moreover, as a society we need to teach our youth that argumentation
doesn’t imply ghting rather it’s a constructive debate based on empirical
evidence, objective analysis and logical reasoning. We also need to realize the
implications of ‘sharing’ a post without checking its authenticity. Social media
and internet are meant to be a boon. Let us not make it a bane for our society.
Essay#5: Honor crimes –
Pakistan Status Quo |
Complete Essay
It may be hot — swelteringly and terrifyingly hot — in most of the country, but
the brisk business of killing women (and some men) in the name of honor
continues apace. Some weeks ago, an angry man, mad at his sisters over some
domestic dispute, began beating them with a stick. When his 100-year-old
grandmother tried to intervene, he began to beat her too. Age is not a factor
when it comes to male privilege; when he was done, the century-old
grandmother, as well as one of his sisters, was dead. The other sister lay in
critical condition in the hospital.
Take this month. On the very rst day of May, a man shot his sister and her
alleged paramour to death in Charsadda. In another incident, a young couple in
Karachi set out to have dinner with the wife’s family. The two had married of
their own will almost two years ago and her family had been upset about the
relationship. When the two were returning from the dinner, unknown assailants
stopped the rickshaw they were in (the husband was a rickshaw driver) and
pumped their bodies with bullets. Both of them died.
In news reports, the police were waiting to contact someone in the husband’s
family for ling the FIR because the wife’s family was believed to have been
involved in the killing.
These are just the latest stories in Pakistan’s ongoing saga of women and some
men being killed in the name of honor. Over the 70-something years for which
Pakistan has existed, the country has been busy murdering its own, mostly
women and some men, for the ‘crime’ of refusing marriage, imagined
relationships in which accusations serve as an excuse for male rage, made-up
relationships that assist in covering up crimes to get inheritances or do away
with inconvenient neighbours.
 A demand can be made for a special

investigation unit to probe the motivations
behind ‘honour’ killings.
Just about every con ict lends itself to an honor killing, a cover via which the
whole neighborhood and society claps for the killer and looks the other way as
investigations languish and justice is shelved.
All this was supposed to have changed, at least a little bit when parliament
passed an anti-honor killing law in 2016. By subjecting those who perpetrate
‘honour’ crimes to at least mandatory life sentences and not permitting the crime
to be ‘forgiven’ by the family, it was believed that honor crimes would decrease
or even end. The mechanism of collusion, in which family members commit such
crimes and then are summarily ‘forgiven’ by other family members, would be
done away with.
One hoped that a blow had also been dealt with the idea that a death can be
permissible or ‘honourable’. Murder is always murder, and mandatory
punishments were a way of underscoring this fact that seemed to be contested
in Pakistan.
This hopeful experiment has failed. According to statistics maintained by the

Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, 1,280 people have been murdered in
honor crimes since the enactment of the law. Of these, for more than half no
FIRs had been registered or there was no information. Obviously, cases in which
no FIR is registered do not result in criminal prosecutions. In addition, according
to the experts, these numbers, which are based on estimates from the news
media and similar sources, are likely underreported. If the actual reported
number of ‘honour’ killings is continuing at a furious rate, then the real number
may have increased even more.
These cases do not even come within the purview of the new legislation, the
purpose of which was to impose mandatory sentences in instances of ‘honour’
crimes. For this to happen, the case has to be classi ed as an ‘honour’ crime
when it is being led. If it is not classi ed as such, how can the sentence be
applicable? The easy way out, then, is to simply insist that there was some other
motivation for the crime.
The result is before us; ‘honour’ crimes (even those actually being classi ed as
such) are continuing to take place. They are, in fact, likely increasing even if many
FIRs make no mention of ‘honour’ as a motivation for the crime.
If the ght against honour crimes is real, and Pakistanis have not become so
callous as to be completely immune to these reports — to the electrocuting of
teenage couples, to the bullet-riddled bodies of dinner guests coming home, to
the burned and charred and strangled bodies of women — then a demand must
be made for a special investigation unit that looks into the motivations of these
killings.
The onus of ensuring that honor killings are actually classi ed as such and do
not evade the mandatory punishment must be on law enforcement. If this is
deemed unfeasible for reasons of cost, the time may have come when
‘forgiveness’ for murders is nally done away with. This would mean that all
murders would be subject to mandatory sentences, a fact that would reduce not
only ‘honour’ crimes but also the overall murder rate in the country as a whole.
Statutory legal systems such as the one in operation in Pakistan do not function
well when there is a hodgepodge of rationales, the possibility of punishments
that do not involve imprisonment, such as the payment of money or forgiveness,
that render the current system handicapped. The only way to end this kind of
crime, which kills scores in brutal ways within the country and allots Pakistan a
reputation for misogyny and barbarity the world over, is to make sure that these
steps are carried out, that laws that do not work are replaced with ones that do.
By Ra a Zakaria
The writer is an attorney teaching constitutional law.
ra a.zakria@gmail.com
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Outline with OutlineEssay#2: Culture

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Governments here do not judge their performance by human development

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A scientist is always prepared to have his theories tested. In case of fresh

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The advent of social media has revolutionized the modern-day means of

Note: The essay includes some old statistics/events/dates so please update

Because there is no e ective control mechanism devised by regulatory bodies,

Unfortunately, most of the political parties have hired these Tech-warriors in

against opponents. These social media warriors or e-brigades have become a

 A demand can be made for a special

This hopeful experiment has failed. According to statistics maintained by the

The writer is an attorney teaching constitutional law.

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