19 WLAN WDS Mesh Planning (Optional)

WLAN WDS&Mesh
Planning
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Know how to clarify requirements.
 List site survey contents.
 Know how to select APs and antennas.
 Plan network bandwidth.
 Describe basic principles for deploying APs.
 List typical WDS and Mesh network planning scenarios.
Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1
Contents
1. Project Preparation
2. Product Selection
3. Backhaul Link Design
4. Bandwidth Design
5. Deployment Design
6. Typical Application Scenarios
Introduction to WDS
 A wireless distribution system (WDS) connects two or more
wired or wireless LANs wirelessly to establish a large
network. WDS is a special mesh network.
Networking Point-to-Point (P2P) Point-to-Multiple-Point (P2MP)
AP2
AP1 AP2 AP3

Diagram
AP1
AC
AP4
AP5
Typical Mesh Networking
AC
MPP
MP MP
MAP
MP
MAP
MAP MAP
STA STA
STA STA
Requirement Collection
Item Description
Terminal distribution Learn about the target coverage areas and terminal distributions.
Learn about positions of wired devices on the network such as the access switches and optical fibers. The
Position of wired devices
root AP (on WDS networks) and MPP (on Mesh networks) need to connect to the wired access network.
Signal transmission Learn about major obstacles in the target coverage areas (high buildings, mountains, or trees). Avoid
environment obstacles on both ends of a link.
Bandwidth Clarify bandwidth requirements.
Terminal type Learn about the terminal types and check whether the terminals offer Wi-Fi functions.
Check whether the customer has any special requirements on the power supply and whether there are
Power supply mode
power supply facilities available fore use at the site.
Available frequency points Check available 5 GHz channels that can be used at the local site.
Check whether the customer has special requirements on outdoor site construction, for example, the
Site construction customer may not approve site construction on building roofs of residential districts or only allow use of
certain sites.
Site Survey
Simple site survey information list
Item Description
Select some typical installation positions of terminals and observe whether there are high
Find buildings and objects that can be used buildings or trees near the positions. Take photos for surroundings clockwise (one photo
as AP sites and observe their height. by each 60°)
Check the signal transmission environment Check whether there are obstacles, such as high buildings and trees around the
in target coverage areas. aggregation point and take photos for surroundings clockwise (one photo by each 60°).
Detailed site survey

information list:
Contents
4. Bandwidth Design
AP Selection—Indoor Settled APs
AP3010 Series AP5010 Series AP6010 Series AP7110 Series
Huawei AP
AP3010DN AP5010SN/DN AP6010SN/DN AP7110SN/DN
Appearance
Small enterprises; low-end and

Small and medium enterprises; Small, medium, and large
Product positioning mid-range markets (sold only in Medium and large enterprises
mid-range markets enterprises; mid-range markets
China)
MIMO 2x2 2x2 2x2 3x3
Number of concurrent users 40 30/50 40/60 60/100
Maximum number of users 64 128 128 128
Antenna Built-in antenna Built-in antenna Built-in antenna External antenna
Maximum transmit power per

17 dBm* 17 dBm* 20 dBm* 20 dBm*
antenna
Power consumption 9.5 W 6.0 W/9.5 W 6.5 W/10.2 W 8.7 W/15.7 W
Power supply mode PoE: -48 V DC PoE: -48 V DC PoE: -48 V DC PoE: -48 V DC
BYOD - Y Y Y
High-density mode - - Y Y
WIPS/WIDS Y Y Y Y
WDS/Mesh Y Y Y Y
Working mode Fit/Fat Fit/Fat Fit/Fat Fit
Operating temperature -10-50℃ -10-50℃ -10-50℃ -10-55℃
Wi-Fi standard a/b/g/n a/b/g/n a/b/g/n a/b/g/n
AP Selection—Outdoor APs
Outdoor Series Outdoor Series
Huawei AP
AP6510DN AP6610DN
Appearance
Product positioning Medium and large campus networks Medium and large campus networks
MIMO 2x2 2x2

Number of concurrent users 60 60
Maximum number of users 128 128
Antenna External antenna External antenna
Maximum transmit power per antenna 26 (2 GHz) + 20 (5 GHz) dBm* 27 (2 GHz) + 24 (5 GHz) dBm*
Power consumption 25.5 W 30 W
Power supply mode PoE: -48 V DC Local AC power supply
BYOD Y Y
High-density mode Y Y
WIPS/WIDS Y Y
WDS/Mesh Y Y
Working mode Fit/Fat Fit/Fat
Operating temperature -40-60℃ -40-60℃
Wi-Fi standard a/b/g/n a/b/g/n
Contents
4. Bandwidth Design
Backhaul Link—WDS
P2MP Application scenario
Aggregation AP 
The number of endpoint APs is larger than one but cannot exceed six.
Endpoint AP 
When the backhaul distance is smaller than or equal to 1 km, an aggregation
AP connects to a maximum of six endpoint APs.

When the backhaul distance is between 1 km and 3 km, it is recommended that
the aggregation AP connects to a maximum of three endpoint APs.

When the backhaul distance is larger than 3 km, point-to-multipoint
transmission is not recommended.
Endpoint AP
P2P Application scenario


There is only one endpoint AP.
Aggregation AP 
When the distance between the endpoint AP and aggregation AP is larger than
3 km, point-to-point transmission is recommended.

The point-to-point transmission distance should not exceed 5 km.
Endpoint AP
Relay Application scenario


Aggregation AP When the distance between the endpoint AP and aggregation AP is
larger than 5 km, deploy a repeater AP.

If there are more than six endpoint APs, deploy repeater APs to
increase the number of endpoint APs connected to each aggregation
Endpoint AP AP.

If obstacles exist between endpoint APs and the aggregation AP, deploy
repeater APs to prevent signals from being blocked.

To ensure data transmission quality, it is recommended that signals are
Repeater AP relayed for only one time.
Backhaul Link—Mesh
Chain networking
AC
MPP MP/MAP MP/MAP MP/MAP
Star networking MP/MAP Mesh networking MP/MAP

Aggregation AP Aggregation AP
MP/MAP
AC AC MP/
MPP MPP MP/MAP MAP
MP/MAP
MP/MAP
MP/MAP
MP/MAP MP/MAP
1. Chain networking is not recommended unless otherwise stated.

2. An MPP can connect to a maximum of 20 nodes.
3. The number of hops affects the network throughput. The number of hops between an MAP and an MPP cannot exceed 8. A maximum
number of four hops are recommended.
Backhaul Antennas
Omnidirectional antennas Directional antennas
Leaf Leaf Leaf

(MP/MAP) (MP/MAP) Root (MP/MAP)
Root (MPP)
(MPP)
Leaf
Leaf Leaf (MP/MAP)
(MP/MAP) (MP/MAP)
Note: Root and Leaf nodes are on a WDS network, while the MPP, MP, and MAP refer
to nodes on a Mesh network.
1. Use omnidirectional antennas upon a short transmission distance (within 500 meters), a large coverage angle, and a large
number of APs.
2. Use directional antennas when the transmission distance is larger than 500 meters, a few linked devices exist or the linked
devices are concentrated in a certain angle.
3. The preceding two points are for your reference only. In actual scenarios when the link rate needs to be considered, select
antennas based on the antenna gain and angle. For details, see the chapter Bandwidth Design.
Contents
4. Bandwidth Design
Bandwidth Design—P2P Transmission
1. When the backhaul distance is smaller than or equal to 2 km, use antennas with antenna gain 18 dBi to ensure that there is no backhaul
link bandwidth loss.
2. When the backhaul distance is between 2 km and 3 km, use antennas with antenna gain 23 dBi (the data is not provided in the table) to
ensure that there is no backhaul link bandwidth loss.
3. When the backhaul distance is larger than 3 km, use antennas with antenna gain 28 dBi to ensure that there is no backhaul link
bandwidth loss.
In other situations, search the following table based on the backhaul antenna gain and backhaul distance to obtain the corresponding link
throughput:
Reference Throughput Value in P2P Scenarios (5 GHz)

Device Antenna gain Throughput in 802.11n HT20 Mode (Mbit/s)
Region Scenario
Model Root AP Leaf AP 1 km 2 km 3 km 4 km 5 km 8 km 10 km
5dBi-360deg 18dBi-18deg 70 40 22 NA NA NA NA
Downtown 11dBi-60deg 18dBi-18deg 90 60 42 20 8 NA NA
areas 15dBi-100deg 18dBi-18deg 90 80 55 22 15 NA NA
18dBi-60deg 18dBi-18deg 90 90 70 48 40 6 NA
AP6610DN
Other 5dBi-360deg 18dBi-18deg 90 50 24 10 NA NA NA
24 dBm
11dBi-60deg 18dBi-18deg 90 90 45 36 25 NA NA
Suburbs/cou
ntryside
18dBi-60deg 18dBi-18deg 90 90 80 65 50 28 NA
28dBi-5deg 28dBi-5deg 90 90 90 90 90 70 50
5dBi-360deg 18dBi-18deg 60 30 15 NA NA NA NA
Downtown 11dBi-60deg 18dBi-18deg 90 50 34 15 6 NA NA
areas 15dBi-100deg 18dBi-18deg 90 75 50 16 12 NA NA
AP6510DN
Other 5dBi-360deg 18dBi-18deg 90 50 20 6 NA NA NA
21 dBm
Suburbs/cou
ntryside
18dBi-60deg 18dBi-18deg 90 90 70 62 46 20 NA
28dBi-5deg 28dBi-5deg 90 90 90 90 85 65 45
Bandwidth Design—P2MP
Transmission (WDS)
 Verify whether the terminal throughput meets requirements according to the
calculated P2MP transmission throughput:
 P2MP throughput are affected by P2MP transmission performance and throughput
affecting factors. The affecting factors map the values M. The mapping relationships are
as follows:
Factors Affecting P2MP Bridge Performance 16.2

Mbps
Throughput Affecting 48.6 Mbps
Affecting Factors
Factor
M Endpoint AP
Multi-user Aggregation
STA Hiding P MP
Competition AP
1 None None 1 1
Endpoint AP
2 0.6 0.95 0.57 0.285
3 0.6 0.9 0.54 0.18 Distance ≤ 2 km

4 0.6 0.9 0.54 0.135 Endpoint AP
5 0.6 0.8 0.48 0.096
6 0.6 0.8 0.48 0.08
Bandwidth Design—Chain Networking
(Mesh)
AC
MPP MP1 MP2
 Conditions:
 All the MPs use the same 5-GHz channel, there is no other channel around the 5-GHz channel, and all
the MPs reside in the same collision area.
 Assume that the backhaul bandwidth of one hop is C Mbit/s and the number of hops is N.
 The MPP uses the HT40 mode and provides 180 Mbps bandwidth.
 Therefore, the following formulas are available: The throughput peak value of each node is C/N; the
average MP throughput is 2C/(N*(N+1)) (N indicates the total number of hops).
 Bandwidth calculation:
 The 5-GHz channel is used once when traffic on MP1 needs to be transmitted to the AC, so the peak
bandwidth is 180 Mbps (180/1 = 180 Mbps).
 The 5-GHz channel is used twice when traffic on MP2 needs to be transmitted to the AC, so the peak
bandwidth is 90 Mbps (180/2 = 90 Mbps).
 The average bandwidth of MP1 and MP2 is 60 Mbit/s, calculated following the formula: (2*180)/(2*(2+1))
= 60 Mbps.
Contents
4. Bandwidth Design
Site Design Principles
Rogue AP
Radar stations, radio stations, TV Prevent co-channel interference

transmitting stations from APs of other systems.
1. The path between a site and its coverage area must be visible and cannot be blocked by obstacles in the first
Fresnel zone.
2. Avoid heavy magnetic and electronic interferences or other signal interferences near the stations.
3. Reliable power sources must be available for a site.
Note: If APs are deployed in WDS or Mesh scenarios, refer to the table in the
next page for signal loss caused by typical obstacles.
Typical Obstacles and Signal Loss
5 GHz Signal Loss
Obstacle Thickness (mm) 2.4 GHz Signal Loss (dB)
(dB)
Synthetic materials 20 2 3
Asbestos 8 3 4
Wooden doors 40 3 4
Glass window 50 4 7
Thick tinted glass 80 8 10
Brick walls 120 10 20
Brick walls 240 15 25
Bullet-resistant glass 120 25 35
Concrete 240 25 30
Metal 80 30 35
Channel Design
 Confirm channels that can be used at the local site.
 Use China as an example. Available 5 GHz channels that can be used in network bridging and data
backhaul scenarios include: 149, 153, 157, 161, and 165.
 Channels available in use vary according to different countries and regions. Some channels may be
reserved in some regions. Therefore, clarify the channels for use before the network planning starts.
 Avoid co-channel interference.

 Aggregation APs at the same site should use non-overlapping channels.
 Adjacent backhaul links use non-overlapping channels.
Aggregation APs of Adjacent backhaul links

the same site 149 Aggregation AP
149
153
165 Endpoint AP
Site
Aggregation AP
157
161 157
Endpoint AP
Antenna Placement
Lobe width
Leaf (MP/MAP)
antenna transmission
Lobe width
Root (MPP) antenna

transmission Lobe width
Leaf (MP/MAP)
Backhaul distance (km) 1 2 3 4 5 antenna transmission
Fresnel radius (unit:
4 6 7 8 9
meters, integer)
1. Antennas should be installed in appropriate positions to ensure that both ends of the link are visible and no obstacle exists in the
Fresnel zone.
2. Adjust the antenna azimuth of the leaf node (MP/MAP) to make the main lobe directly facing the antenna of the root node (MPP).
3. Adjust antenna azimuth of the root node (MPP) to make the main lobe cover antennas of all leaf nodes (MP/MPP).
Power Supply Mode
1 PoE power supply for APs (preferred), in

compliance with 802.3at
PoE power supply
Local AC power supply (applicable to scenarios

2 where AC power supply is available)
Local AC power supply
3 Power supply using a PoE adapter (applicable to

scenarios where no AC power supply is available)
PoE adapter
Contents
4. Bandwidth Design
Comparisons Between Mesh and WDS
Networks
Feature Mesh Network WDS Network
Endpoint bandwidth Small capacity Large capacity

Complex in:
1. Radio frequency
planning for multiple APs
Network complexity 2. Selection of antennas Simple
with various
specifications, as well as
interference control
Transmission reliability High Low
80% of the scenarios:
Applications 20% of the scenarios:
governments, enterprises,
warehouses and docks
medial care, and education
Applicable distance Long distance Medium or long distance
Construction costs High Low
WDS Video Surveillance Case Project
 Project Preparation:
The following table describes requirements collected The customer provides a Google map file marked with
through communications with the customer: some video surveillance points:
Requirement Description
Video surveillance points have been
Coverage area marked on the Google map. See the
yellow points on the map.
The wired aggregation point has

Switch position been marked in green on the Google
map, as shown in the right figure.
Observe from the Google map

Onsite environment whether maintains or buildings block
signals.
Terminal type IP cameras without Wi-Fi functions
Bandwidth
Uplink bandwidth: 2 Mbps
requirement
Power supply mode Local AC power supply
Available frequency
149, 153, 157, 161, and 165
points
Design Procedure (1/3)
 Design the backhaul link:
 1. Select a terminal connection mode and configure the
endpoint AP.
1. The circled cameras

connect to the CPE for
Video data backhaul. The
surveillance Principles endpoint AP is placed
point for selecting nearby to cover CPEs
distribution a terminal in the area.
on the connection 2. The few cameras that
Google mode are not circled connect
map to the AP for backhaul.
The connected AP
functions as the
endpoint AP.
 2. Select a bridging mode and configure the repeater AP and aggregation
AP.
1. The aggregation APs are placed
on the roof of the building where
the wired-side switch resides.
Positions of the 2. There are obstacles between the
wired aggregation Principles for endpoint APs and aggregation
points and selecting the AP. Therefore, deploy a
endpoint APs on bridging mode repeater AP in the middle.
the Google map 3. The backhaul distance of each
hop is smaller than 2 km. An
aggregation AP connects to a
maximum of six endpoint APs.
Network bridge topology: CPE
Aggregation AP
2 km 0.5 km
4
……
Endpoint AP
1.5 km
2 km 5
……
Repeater AP
Endpoint AP
 3. Select backhaul antennas and configure repeater and
aggregation APs.
Take the preceding figure as an

example:
After the backhaul 1. The first-hop distance is larger
link design is than 1 km. The aggregation AP
determined, uses a 16 dBi antenna.
Principles for
provide bridging
selecting backhaul 2. The second-hop distance is larger
mode and backhaul
antennas than 1 km. Therefore, use 16 dBi
distance (see the
figure in the antenna on the repeater AP to
previous page) cover endpoint APs.
3. The endpoint AP uses the 18 dBi
antenna.
Mesh Data Backhaul Case Project
 Project preparation:
The following table describes requirements collected
The satellite map is as follows:
through communications with the customer:
Requirement Description
Coverage area New factory in a campus
The wired aggregation point

has been marked on the map,
Switch position
that is the "Company office"
indicated on the map. Company
Observe from the map whether office
New
maintains or buildings block
Onsite environment campus
signals.
Terminal type Mobile phones and laptops
Bandwidth requirement None
Power supply mode Local AC power supply
Available frequency
149, 153, 157, 161, and 165
points
No Antenna Type
5 GHz
1 omnidirectional
antenna
60-degree
2 directional
antenna
 Select devices:
 1. Since AC power supply is available at the local site, use the AP6610DN.
 2. Use directional antennas if Mesh subnodes concentrate in a certain direction

and omnidirectional antennas if Mesh subnodes are scattered.
 Select MPPs:
 The customer has specified the MPP position on the wired side. Check whether
surrounding environment in LoS meets requirements.
 Select the Mesh networking mode:

 Ensure stable connections on a Mesh network.
 Select a site:
 1. It is recommended that you erect poles on building roofs in urban scenarios and mount
antennas and APs to the poles to prevent signals from being blocked by high buildings or
mountains.
 2. Use AC power supply on building roofs.
 3. Antennas should be installed in appropriate positions to ensure that the antennas are
visible to the MPPs or adjacent MPs.
 4. Use the HT40 mode to increase the bandwidth capacity.
Summary
4. Bandwidth Design
Question
1. The number of repeater APs on a WDS link cannot exceed ( )
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4
2. On a Mesh network, the number of hops from an MAP to the MPP

cannot exceed ( ). What is the recommended maximum hops? ( )
A. 2 B. 4
C. 6 D. 8
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WLAN WDS&Mesh

Copyright © 2014 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Know how to clarify requirements.

 List site survey contents.

 Know how to select APs and antennas.

 Plan network bandwidth.

 Describe basic principles for deploying APs.

 List typical WDS and Mesh network planning scenarios.

3. Backhaul Link Design

6. Typical Application Scenarios

Networking Point-to-Point (P2P) Point-to-Multiple-Point (P2MP)

AP1 AP2 AP3

environment obstacles on both ends of a link.

Bandwidth Clarify bandwidth requirements.

Detailed site survey

3. Backhaul Link Design

6. Typical Application Scenarios

Small enterprises; low-end and

MIMO 2x2 2x2 2x2 3x3

Number of concurrent users 40 30/50 40/60 60/100

Maximum number of users 64 128 128 128

Antenna Built-in antenna Built-in antenna Built-in antenna External antenna

Maximum transmit power per

Power consumption 9.5 W 6.0 W/9.5 W 6.5 W/10.2 W 8.7 W/15.7 W

Working mode Fit/Fat Fit/Fat Fit/Fat Fit

Operating temperature -10-50℃ -10-50℃ -10-50℃ -10-55℃

Wi-Fi standard a/b/g/n a/b/g/n a/b/g/n a/b/g/n

MIMO 2x2 2x2

3. Backhaul Link Design

6. Typical Application Scenarios

P2P Application scenario

Relay Application scenario

Star networking MP/MAP Mesh networking MP/MAP

1. Chain networking is not recommended unless otherwise stated.

Leaf Leaf Leaf

3. Backhaul Link Design

6. Typical Application Scenarios

Reference Throughput Value in P2P Scenarios (5 GHz)

Factors Affecting P2MP Bridge Performance 16.2

3 0.6 0.9 0.54 0.18 Distance ≤ 2 km

6 0.6 0.8 0.48 0.08

3. Backhaul Link Design

6. Typical Application Scenarios

Radar stations, radio stations, TV Prevent co-channel interference

Thick tinted glass 80 8 10

Brick walls 120 10 20

Brick walls 240 15 25

Bullet-resistant glass 120 25 35

 Avoid co-channel interference.

 Adjacent backhaul links use non-overlapping channels.

Aggregation APs of Adjacent backhaul links

Root (MPP) antenna

1 PoE power supply for APs (preferred), in

Local AC power supply (applicable to scenarios

3 Power supply using a PoE adapter (applicable to

3. Backhaul Link Design

6. Typical Application Scenarios

Endpoint bandwidth Small capacity Large capacity

The wired aggregation point has