Front/ title

The Day after the Death of a Revolution

1.

1973 Chilean coup d'état

Part of Operation Condor and the Cold War

The bombing of La Moneda on 11 September 1973 by the Chilean Armed

Forces

Date 11 September 1973

Location Chile
Action Armed forces put the country under military
control. Little and unorganised civil resistance.
Result  Popular Unity government overthrown
 Suicide of Salvador Allende
 Military Junta Government led by
General Augusto Pinochet assumed power

September 1973

-the generals struck

-the Moneda Palace was bombed

-Allende died

-both government and movement were destroyed

2.

Dorfman

Was on a military’s death list and just escaped from the country

Dorfman later published a moving book of poems about terror and exile.

(Dorfman 1988: 61) he recalls how the movement in Chile had failed to see what was coming towards it.
Author’s point that progressives had simply failed to recognize the consequences of military culture,
and their own vulnerability to violence.

Chile established constitutional regime and electoral support for Unidad. Popular seemed to be
growing. But opposition was hardening too and finding outside support.

3.

Chillean Military Regime

Was not the first, not even the most violent of the Latin America authoritarian regimes, but it was brutal
enough.

The historian Tomas Moulian (2002) calls ‘ the phase of the terrorist dictatorship’, left-wing militants
and intellectuals were haunted down.

Many of them are tortured-a specialized prison was set up for the purpose at Villa Grimaldi on
Santiago’s eastern fringe(later bulldozed to hide the evidence, now a memorial park) and hundreds are
killed.
4.

 The Argentine Dictatorship situation was worse, where in the dirty war against the regime
opponent is disappeared (presumably murdered) above ten thousand.
 The dictatorship in Brazil held power for more than two decades and deported, imprisoned,
tortured and murdered thousands.
 The dictatorship in Uruguay held democracy at bay for more than a decade.

In Mexico, under a civilian regime of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, about 300 of the younger
intelligentsia were shot dead in 1968, at Tlatelolco Square.

The state terrorism that decapitated Unidad Popular and dispersed its supporters also destroyed its
model of economic and cultural autonomy.

 The Brazilian dictatorship managed to achieve high growth rates without redistribution, without
democracy and without de-linking from the metropole, violating the predictions of both CEPAL
and the dependency school.

5.

Cristobal Kay (1989) observes in his history of under-development and dependency theories, all of this
school of thought were losing political credibility in the 1970’s-ironically, just before vast debt crisis
engulfed the continent and proved the need for an analysis of Latin America’s vulnerability.

Chile under General Pinochet was the first country in the world to adopt Neoliberalism, the political and
social agenda build around free market economics that came to dominate Latin America in the 1980’s
and 1990’s,is in no sense Southern theory.False sense of Universality in economics that that Prebisch
had criticized in Principal Problems.
6.

The neoliberals who took control of Chile’s economy under Pinochet, inviting in 1975 conference that
shape national policy two luminaries of the University of Chicago Economics School.

Arnold Harberger and Milton Freedman

Who obliged them by arguing for shock treatment, not gradual change(Silva 1996).Chilean People made
the point too, ny nicknaming the group of economists, bureaucrats and new-rich entrepreneurs (often
the same people who implemented this policy “the Chicago boys”

7.
The impact of neoliberalism in Latin America

Neoliberalism arrived in an atmosphere of crisis:

Partly Internal- as represented by the violence of the dictatorship themselves.

Partly External- the debt crisis of the 1980’s.

Neoliberalism not only meant selling off the public enterprises that had been build up by the Labor of
the previous generations, dismantling the welfare state and redistributing income toward rich. Also
represented a crisis of impotence for popular politics

The effects of the economic shock treatment, describe for Argentina are:
Disrupt institutions, erode popular trust, weaken checks and balances, create “private state” in which
only effective powers were big corporations and political elite.
8.

Latin America critical though came to a standstill as neoliberalism introduced new problems and
discussed them in new language, and connection between critical though and social movements was
lost(Sader 2002).

The societies of Latin America most share today are Social deterioration, Formal democracy, Privatizing
euphoria and shock politics.

The Social Sciences in Latin America are now suffering both a crisis of intelligibility and a crisis of
organicity. The assumption of an organic connection between the production of knowledge and
intervention in social reality via popular reform movement has been smashed. The planning state, the
social mechanism on which all three paradigms (CEPAL-style development theory, dependency theory
and Marxism) in fact depended, has lost its credibility.
9.

Hopenhayn
 Extreme expression of European Enlightenment Optimism
 European postmodern thought ( Lyotard and Baudrillant )
 Northern Theorists
 Utopian reason
 No Apocalypse
 Prebisch analyses and predictions
Capitalismoperiferico (1981b)
Fake Liberalism

One reason for the sense of greater social complexity noted by Garreton and Hopenhayn is
multiplication of identities and social actors. Perhaps the most important is the emergence of Latin
American two women’s movements.

10.

 Michelle Bachelet of Chile- elected head of government first women from a progressive
coalition.
 Montecino- analyses the shift in feminine identities by assuming that historical changes
occur both in the structure of gender relations and in subjectivities.
 Chilean Culture
 Incorporations of women into the paid workforce
 Chile seems to be a Unpaisdivididoc

Montecino cites a study of middle-class women’s orientation to paid work that distinguishes 3
strategies:
 Maintenance of the commitment to maternalism
 A complementary relations between paid work and maternity
 Work as primary life focus
  Feminist movements
 Women’s activism

11.
Nestor Garcia Canclini

 Conducted over three decades, extensive research on social process ranging from village
ceremonies and craft production to urban mass media, museums, art marketing, and political
imagery.
 The scope of his research is matched by the quality of his writing, which combines clear
exposition of concepts, vivid descriptive detail, imagination, humor, anger and irony.
 Hybrid cultures – twin towers attack of 9/11 compares to the clash of “desperados contra
instalados”( the desperate vs. the established )
 Canclini practices anthropology, but he questions it. His 1982 book, Popular Cultures in
Capitalism, a master peace transitional ethnography, began with the crisis of ethnographic and
political ideas of culture. There is no such thing as traditional culture anymore.
 Hybrid cultures dissects the false assumptions that had been built into that tremendous
projects.
 There is no shared culture, but there are shared experiences.
 Latinos Americanos Buscando Lugar en Estesiglo ( Latin Americas Seeking a Place in this
Century). National identities are certainly under heavy pressure from neoliberal globalization.
 Interpretive communities of consumers.