BS. Bioenergetics Multiple choice questions. Obj Act. Verb/ Diff. Level 1, Read and analyse the following statements: A Statement 1: Water is the electron donor for non-cyclic photo Amivaes phosphorylation. Statement 2 : Both ATP and NADPH; are synthesized during cyclic photophosphorylation, a) Both I and 2 are correct. 'b) Both | and 2 are wrong. ¢) 1 is correct and 2 is wrong. 4) 1 is wrong and 2 is correct. 2. Which is the ultimate source of energy for all Ii kK a) Food ee b) Water \werage ©) Solar energy 4) Chemical energy 3. Read and analyse the following statements. A ‘Statement 1: One of the end products of photosynthesis is the raw Analyses material for respiration. oe Statement 2 : One of the end products of respiration is the raw material for photosynthesis, a) Both | and 2 are correct. 'b) Both I and 2 are wrong. ©) 1 is correct and 2 is wrong. 4) 1 is wrong and 2 is correct. 4, Identify the correct sequence of electron carriers in cyclic u photophosphorylation. Sequences a) Pro - Fe-S —> PC—»>Cytb—>cytf b)Pro0- Fe-S —> cytb —> cyt f —> PC ) Pro - Fe-S——>cytb —> cytf—> PQ d) Pxo- Fe-S —> Fe-S—+cytb —» PC 5. Identify the correct combination of colours of light that are v responsible for Emerson’s enhancement effect. Identifies a) Red and blue me b) Red and green ©) Blue and green 4) Blue and orange 2051. 10. ML Which is the acceptor of CO; in Calvin cycle? a) PEP b) RUMP ©) RUBP ¢) PGA Identify the five carbon compound that absorbs CO; in Calvin cycle. a) Oxaloacetic acid b) Malic acid ©) Aspartic acid 4) Ribulosebisphosphate In Calvin cycle, theoretically the number of molecules of COz required for the synthesis of one molecule of glucose is a) 2 4 °) 6 d 8 Identify the incorrect statement. a) Xanthophylls are accessory pigments b) Light reaction takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts, ©) Only ATP molecules are produced during cyclic photophosphorylation 4) Six molecules of CO; are necessary to produce one molecule of glucose. Match the phenomena in column I with their sites of occurrence in column Il. Column I Column I Krebs cycle p) cytoplasm Synthesis of ATP _q) grana Glycolysis 1) Fo— F; particle Light reaction ) mitochondrial matrix @ i-s; ii-p; iin, Choose the correct statement from the followi a) In CAM plants stomata open during day time. b) Sugarcane plant exhibits Cy pathway. ©) Chlorophyll pigments absorb maximum light in the green wavelength. d) Reaction centre of PS — II is P00. Identifies ‘Average Identifies Average Correlates, Average Identifies Difficult Hdentifies Average Identifies Difficult 20612, 13. 4. 15, 16, 17. Identify the mismatch. a) PSI-Proo b) Glycolysis — Pyruvie acid ©) Cs plants — Krantz anatomy 4) Emerson ~ Glycolysis Identify the type of reaction that occurs when Oxalosuccinic acid is converted to a-Ketoglutarie acid in the Krebs cycle. a) Oxidation b) Reduction ©) Decarboxylation d) Phosphorylation Identify the types of reaction that occurs during the conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. a) Oxidation and reduction b) Hydration and carboxylation ©) Dehydrogenation and decarboxylation 4) Decarboxylation and hydrogenation In photosynthesis Warburg's effect explains that 4) increased cone. of COz reduces photosynthesi b) increased conc. of O2 reduces photosynthesis ©) increased conc. of CO; increases photosynthesis d) increased conc. of O2 increases photosynthesis How many molecules of glucose are required to produce 36 ATPs in anaerobic respiration by yeast cell? a) 36 b) 18 29 dt In which stage of Krebs cycle FAD is reduced to FADH? a) o.- Ketoglutaric acid to succinyl CoA. b) Malic acid to oxaloacetic acid ©) Succinic acid to fumaric acid 4) Iso-citric acid to oxalo succinic acid If the RQ value is more than unity (one), the respiratory substrate is a) carbohydrate b) protein ©) fat 4) organic acid Identifies Difficult u Identifies Difficult Explains Difficult Interprets Difficult ‘Analyses Difficult Identifies Difficult Analyses ‘Average 20719. How many molecules of ATP are used up during glycolysis? a) 2 b) 6 2) 8 d) 10 20. The F,—F; particles are found on a) ‘matrix side of inner mitochondrial membrane ') inter membrane of inner mitochondrial membrane ©) inter membrane space side of outer mitochondrial membrane ) the outer surface of outer mitochondrial membrane 21, Total number of ATP produced by the oxidation of one molecule of Maltose is a) 36 b) 72 ©) 38 d) 16 22. The RQ value of which one of the following is unity (one)? a) Casein b) Fructose ©) Albumin 4d) Wax 23. Number of O2 molecules required for the oxidation of one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration is a) 2 b) 4 °) 6 ad 8 Very short answer questions 24, Name the enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation step in Calvin cycle. 25. Which is the primary source of energy for all living organism? 26. What are quantasomes? Solves Difficult ‘Analyses Difficult ‘Analyses Difficult u entities, ‘Average kK Recalls Easy K Defines Average 20827. 28. 29, 30. 3. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38, 39. 40. What are photosystems / pigment systems? ‘What is a photon? What is a quantum? Define photoionization of water. Name the gas that is liberated as a byproduct during photosynthesis, ‘Name the molecule that absorbs CO; during Cs pathway. Name the enzyme that catalyses carboxylation process during Cy pathway. ‘Name the molecule that absorbs CO, during Cy pathway. ‘Name the electron donor for non-cyclic photophosphorylation, ‘Name the first stable intermediate compound formed during Cy pathway. Name the first stable intermediate compound formed during Cs pathway. Why Calvin cycle is also known as C3 pathway? Why Hatch and Slack cycle is also known as Cy pathway? ‘What is solarization? Defines ‘Average Defines Average Defines Average Defines Average K Recalls Tdentifies Average Average Recalls ‘Average Recalls Average Identifies Average Tdentifies Average Explains ‘Average Tdentifies Average Defines Difficult 2094L. 42. 43. 44, 45. 41. 48, What is Emerson’s effect? Define Blackman’s law of limiting factor. ‘What is Warburg’s effect? In the chloroplast, name the site of light reaction of photosynthesis in chloroplast. ‘Name the plant group adapted for the CAM pathway of carbon fixation. Write the balanced equation of photosynthesis. Expand the abbreviation CAM. Expand the term RUBISCO. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54, Define photosynthesis. Define respiration. ‘Which cell organelle is associated with aerobic respiration? What is aerobic respiration? Where does glycolysis occur in cells? Defines Difficult Defines Average Defines Difficult Recalls Easy Recalls Easy Formulates Average Recalls Easy Recalls Easy Recalls Average Defines Easy Defines Recalls Easy Easy Recalls Easy 21055. 56, 37. 58. 59. 61. 62. 63. 65. 66. 67. 68, What is anaerobic respiration? Write the chemical equation of aerobic respiration with glucose as the substrate. ‘What is fermentation? Within the mitochondrion, where exactly does Krebs cycle occur? What are anaerobes? How many glucose molecules are required to produce 36 ATP molecules by an yeast cell through anaerobic respiration? Define Pasteur effect. Name the site of electron transport system in mitochondria, What are facultative anaerobes? Expand the term FAD. ‘What are obligatory anaerobes? Which gas is released during respiration in plants? Define respiratory quotient. Write the equation of lactate fermentation in lactic acid bacteri Defines Easy Recalls Average Defines Easy Recalls Easy Defines Easy Analyses Difficult Defines Difficult Recalls Average Defines Easy Recalls Recalls Easy Defines Average Recalls ‘Average 269. 70. n. RB. 74, 15. 16. 71. Why is the RQ of proteins always less than one? What is terminal oxidation? How many molecules of ATP are produced by the oxidation of one FADH; molecule? How many molecules of ATP are produced by the oxidation of one NADH} molecule? Expand the term ATP. Glycolysis does not require mitochondria. Give reason. Name the compound which links glycolysis and Krebs cycle. Why does a glucose molecule generate only two ATP molecules in anaerobic respiration. Short answer questions B. 80. 82, Write the schematic representation of cyclic photophosphorylation. Sketch and label the ultrastructure of a stoma. Mention any four environmental factors which affect the rate of photosynthesis. What are accessory photosynthetic pigments? Name two accessory pigments. Defines Average . Analyse Average Defines ‘Average Recalls Average Recalls Easy Easy Reasons out ‘Average Wentifies Average Average Sequences Average SU Draws, entities Easy Recalls Easy Explains Difficult 21284. Name the end products of non-cyclie photophosphorylation. 86. What is meant by Krantz anatomy? Mention one example. 87. Write the substance that absorbs CO; in C, pathway and the enzyme that catalyses its absorption. 90. Draw a labeled diagram of a mitochondrion. 94, Mention the external factors affecting respiration in plants, ‘Long answer questions 96. Write the schematic representation of cyclic photophorylation. ‘Show the path of electrons and the site of ATP generation, 97. Define and write the schematic representation of non-cyclic photophosphorylation. Indicate the site of photolysis, Photosystems, ATP and NADPH) generation. 98. Schematically represent Calvin cycle. Explain the three important phases (stages). 99. Name the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis. Explain the role of any three factors. 100. With the help of a neat labeled diagram, explain the ultrastructure of chloroplast. 101. List five differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 102. List five differences between respiration and photosynthesis. 103. What is fermentation? Explain the steps during alcoholic fermentation. Write the equation of fermentation, u Tientifies Average u Explains Difficult u Explains ‘Average Draws Explains Easy s Draws Easy u Differentiates Average u Differentiates Average u Explains ‘Average 213104. 105. 106. 107. 108. List four external factors which affect the rate of respiration, Explain the role of each factor. Write the schematic representation of Krebs cycle. Mention the names of intermediates, enzymes and co-enzymes involved in the process. Give a schematic representation of electron transport system. Write a flow chart of glycolysis indicating all the intermediates, enzymes and co-enzymes. Describe the ultrastructure of mitochondrion with a neat labeled diagram. Explains ‘Sequences Difficult ‘Sequences Difficult Sequences Difficult Draws Easy 214Multiple choice it 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. ANSWERS inswers (one mark each) oceseacerooas Beoaoe reo Very short answers (one mark each) 24. 25. 26. 21. 28. 29. RUBP carboxylase / oxygenase or RUBISCO. Sunlight ‘These are the structural and functional units present on the membrane of thylakoids which harvest light energy during photosynthesis. These are the photosynthetic pigment assemblies present in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. Photon is the particle of light containing energy. ‘The amount of energy present in a photon is called quantum. 21530. al 32. 33. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39, 40. 41. 42. 43. 45. 46. 47. It is the process of splitting of water into H* and OH™ and electrons in the presence of light energy. ‘Oxygen (02) RUBP (Ribulose bisphosphate) Phosphoenol pyruvic acid carboxylase. (PEP carboxylase) Phosphenol pyruvic acid (PEP) Water (120) Oxalolacetic acid (OAA) / Malic acid / aspartic acid. Phosphoglyceric acid or PGA. ‘The first stable compound produced during Calvin cycle is the PGA which is a 3C compound. Itis called Cy pathway because the first stable compound produced is OA. which is a 4C compound. Itis the photodestruction (bleaching) of chlorophyll pigments under the influence of high intensity sunlight. ‘The simultaneous supply of red and blue colour of light will enhance the rate of photosynthesis as compared to the sum of the rates of photosynthesis when the two wavelengths of light are given separately. When a process is conditioned as to its rapidity by several factors, the rate of the process is limited by the pace of the slowest factor. Increased concentration of O2 in the mesophyll tissue reduces the rate of photosynthesis. Grana of the chloroplast / photosystems / thylakoid. Succulents / Crassullaceae members. 6C0, + 12 H20 Gathg? Celli20s + 61:0 + 60> Crassullacean acid metabolism. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase. 21649. 50, St. 52. 53. 54, 55. 56. 37. 58. 59, 60. 61. 62. 63. 65. 66. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Synthesis of organic molecules like glucose by utilizing inorganic substances like CO, and H,0 in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll pigments. Respiration is the process of oxidation of food substances (with or without the need of oxygen) for liberation of energy. Mitochondria ‘The breakdown (oxidation) of food substances by organisms in the presence of ‘oxygen is called aerobic respiration, Cytoplasm of cell. The breakdown (oxidation) of food substances in organisms in the absence of ‘oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. CeHi205 + 60, —> 6CO2 + 6120 + 36 ATP (energy) Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration resulting in the formation of alcohol, CO; and energy. Mitochondrial matrix The organisms which do not require oxygen for respiration are called anaerobes, 18 molecules of glucose, ‘The shift from anaerobic respiration to aerobic respiration in the presence of ‘oxygen by certain facultative anaerobes like yeast is called Pasteur effect. Inner mitochondrial membrane Anaerobes which live, preferentially, in the presence of oxygen, but which can also live in the absence of oxygen are facultative anaerobes, Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide. ‘The anaerobes which survive only in the absence of oxygen are called obligatory anaerobes. Carbon dioxide 21767. 68. 70. n. 72. B. 4, 15. 16. 71. ‘The ratio of amount of carbon dioxide liberated to the amount of oxygen consumed during respiration is called respiratory quotient. Cs Hi206 —> 2C3H05 +2 ATP Glucose Lactate ‘Synthesis of ATP from ADP using the energy produced during oxidation of NADH? and FADEb. Since the C to O ratio in proteins is always higher for C, it requires more O2 for breakdown. Hence the RQ is below one. ‘The oxidation of reduced coenzymes like NADH and FADH; through the ETS of mitochondria is called terminal oxidation. Two Three Adenosine triphosphate All the enzymes of glycolysis are situated in the cytoplasms. Acetyl CoA Glycolysis yields only 2 ATP molecules and the products of glycolysis do not undergo any further oxidation during anaerobic respiration. Short answers B. gi. 82. ‘Schematic representation mentioning PS —1, FRS, FD, cyt b6, cyt f, plasto cyanin and formation of ATP. (Schematic diagram — 1; Intermediates (at least 4) ~ 1) Diagram showing parts like guard cells, subsidiary cells, stoma, nucleus, cytoplasm (4x 4=2 marks) ‘Any four of the following factors: light, temperature, cone. of CO2, conc. of O2, water (% x 4 marks) Accessory pigments can only harvest light energy and transfer to primary pigments. Carotenoids, Xanthophylls are examples of accessory pigments. (Definition —1 mark, examples : ¥4+%) 21884. ATP and NADPH: (1 +1 marks) 86. Presence of a ring of bundle-sheath cells around the vascular bundle. © Grass/ sugarcane/ Monochlamydeae (1+ 1=2 marks) 87. Phospho-enolpyruvate; PEP carboxylase (1+ 1=2 marks) 90. Neat diagram with any four labels : cristae, matrix, inner membrane, outer membrane, F.— F; particles, DNA, ribosomes (diagram —1, labels % x 4 ~1=2 marks) 94. Any four of the following factors : Light, temperature, wind, humidity, O concentration. Long answers : Tepresentation showing flow chart of electrons (3 marks). Explanation : Path of electrons (1 mark), site of ATP synthesis (1 mark) 97. Schematic representation - 3 marks Correct representation of electron carriers — 1 Definition — 1 98. Schematic representation with all intermediates and enzymes, Explanation of © Carboxylation * Reduction and glucose synthesis + Regeneration (Schematic representation -3, explanation of 3 phases —2= 5 marks) 99. Any four of the following factors. © Light ‘Temperature Cone. Of COr Conc. OF 02 Availability of HzO Explaining any three factors (Naming — 2, explaining 1 x 3-3 = 5 marks) 100. Labeled diagram showing thylakoid, grana stroma, fret channel, outer and inner ‘membrane, inter membrane space. (Wiagram —2, labels (any four) — 1, explanation — 2 = 5 marks) 219tol. 102. 103. 104, 105. Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration © Onis required. * Opis not required. Glucose undergoes complete + Incomplete oxidation. oxidation. * Ethyl alcohol, O,, lactic acid and CO; and H20 are the byproducts. co, Six molecules of CO; are liberated. * Less than six molecules of CO ‘* Krebs cycle and electron transport liberated. system takes place. © No Krebs cycle and electron 36 ATPs are produced. transport system. © Occurs in cytoplasm and © 2 ATPs are produced. mitochondria. * Occurs in cytoplasm. (Each difference — 1 mark. Total = 5 marks) Any five of the following differences, Respiration Photosynthesis © Occurs in all living © Occurs in only green plants. organisms. © Organelle involved is © Organelle involved is chloroplast. mitochondria. ‘+ Glucose is oxidized to yield HzO and CO> are used to synthesis H,0 and CO and energy. glucose. Catabolic process. ‘© Anabolic process. © Light isnot a requirement. © Light is a requirement © COzis released. © Onis released. (Each difference x 1 = 5 marks) Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration resulting in the formation of alcohol, CO and energy. (Definition —1, equation — 2, explanation -2= 5 marks) Any four of the following factors : + Light ‘Temperature Carbon dioxide Oxygen Humidity Wind (Mentioning 4 factors -2 marks. Explaining (1+ 1+%+%)—3 marks) Correct sequential schematic representation with all intermediate compounds, ‘enzymes and co-enzymes. (5 marks) 220106. Correct sequential schematic representation and co-enzymes. (5 marks) all intermediate compounds 107. Correct sequential schematic representation with all intermediate compounds and co-enzymes. (5 marks) 108. Neat diagram with any four labels. © outer membrane * inner membrane © cristae © matrix * Fo—Fi particles (Diagram -2, labels (any four) —1, explanation -2= 5 marks) 221