9

UNIT 8
Plane Coordinate Geometry

8th Unit Test

Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. A segment has one endpoint at (−5, 4) and its midpoint at (−2,1) .
What are the coordinates of the other endpoint?
a. (2,−1) b. (1,−2)
c. (1, 2) d. (−1, −2)

2. What is the length of a segment joining the points (−2, −5) and (2, −3)?
a. 6 b. 20
c. 2 5 d. 5 2

3. A circle whose center is the point (−2, 6) is tangent to the x-axis.

Find the coordinates of the point of tangency.
a. (0, 6) b. (−2, 0)
c. (0,−2) d. (6, 0)

4. Which of the following points lies at the greatest distance from the
origin?
a. (0,−9) b. (−2, 9)
c. (−7, −6) d. (8, 5)
5. ∆AOB and ∆PCB are isosceles right triangles with equal area.
Find the possible coordinates of P.
y

A P

x
O B C

a. (6,12) b. (12, 6)
c. (0,12) d. (6, 0)

6. What is the equation of the line perpendicular to the y-axis and

passing through (4, 2)?
a. x + 4 = 0 b. y − 2 = 0
c. x − 2 = 0 d. x − 4 = 0

7. The endpoints of the diameter of a circle are (−2, 2) and (4, 4) .

Find the coordinates of the center of the circle?
a. (1, 3) b. (2, 3)
c. (3, 7) d. (3, 3)

8. Solve for the area of ∆NPM .

y
N
8
y=
−
2x

x
M(4,0) P(15,0)

a. 100 b. 121
c. 144 d. 169

2
 9. What kind of triangle is formed by joining the points
(−3, 5),(6, 3) and (−1, −3)?
a. scalene b. right
c. isosceles d. equilateral

10. ∆ABC has vertices A (−4, −3) , B (4, −1) , and C (−2, 3) . Find
the length of median CM .
a. 7 b. 29
c. 7 d. 29

1
11. The slope of a line that passes through (−5,1) and (1, y ) is − .
2
What is y?
a. 2 b. 4
c. -2 d. 0

12. Find the equation of a line that passes through the point (−1, 4)
and having slope -2.
a. 2 x + y = 2 b. y = 2 x − 2
c. x = 2 y − 2 d. x − 2 y = 2

13. Three of the coordinates of a rectangle are ((− −22)),,((33,,22)),,and

−11,,− and((11,,44))..
and
(−1, −2), (3, 2), and (1, 4). What is the fourth vertex?
a. (−3, 0) b. (0, 3)
c. (3,−3) d. (−3, 3)

3
 14. Give the coordinates of D.
y

(b,c)
D

x
(0,0) (a,0)

a. (a,0) b. (b, c )
c. (a + b, c ) d. (a − b, c )

15. Find the equation of a circle with center at the origin and radius 8.
a. x 2 + y 2 = 8 b. x 2 + y 2 = 16
c. x 2 + y 2 = 8 d. x 2 + y 2 = 64

16. Find the radius and center of circle with equation

x 2 + y 2 + 4 x − 2 y = 31.
a. r = 36, C (2,1) b. r = −6, C (2, −1)
c. r = 36, C (−2, −1) d. r = 6, C (−2,1)

For Mathitiniks
The sides of a triangle lie on the lines 3 x − 4 y + 8 = 0,
3 x + 4 y − 32 = 0, and x = 8. Find the equation of the inscribed
circle.

4
 Extra Math
A. Division of a Line Segment
A line segment may be divided internally or externally. It is divided
internally when the point of division is on the line segment and externally
when the point of division is on the extended part of the segment.
In the figure, line segment P1P2 is extended to P. In the same
figure, ∆P1PQ ∼ ∆P1P2 R by AA Similarity Theorem. Therefore, their
corresponding sides are proportional.
P1P
Let k =
P1P2
P1P PQ PQ
k= = 1 =
P1P2 P1R P2 R

Hence,
PQ x − x1
k= 1
=
P1R x 2 − x1

y P(x,y)

P2 (x2 ,y2 )

y− y1
y−
2
y1
P1 (x1 , y)
1

y
x 2− x1 R Q
x− x1
x
x

Simplifying,

x = x1 + k ( x 2 − x1 )
PQ y − y1
k= =
P2 R y2 − y1

5
 Simplifying,

y = y1 + k ( y2 − y1 )

eXample 1. A line segment joining P1 (−2, −4) and P2 (4, 6) is divided

into 4 equal parts. Find the coordinates of the point of
division P closest to P1.

8
7
6 P2 (4,6)
5
4
3
2
1
x
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(x, y) -2
-3
-4
-5
P1 (−2,−4) -6
-7
-8

soLution
x1 = −2, x 2 = 4
y1 = −4, y2 = 6

P1P 1 (one division from P1 to P )

k= =
P1P2 4 (four divisions from P1 to P2 )

1 1
x = x1 + k ( x 2 − x1 ) = −2 +  4 − (−2) = −
4 2
1 −3
y = y1 + k ( y2 − y1 ) = −4 +  6 − (−4) =
4 2
 1 3
P − , − 
 2 2

6
eXample 2. A line segment joining P1 (−2, 3) and P2 (2, −1) is
extended at a distance equal to twice its own length. Find
the coordinates of the new point P.

8
7
6
5
4
P1 (−2,3) 3
2
1
x
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-1
-2 P2 (2,−1)
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9 P(x, y)

soLution
x1 = −2, x 2 = 2
y1 = 3, y2 = −1
P1P 3 (three divisions from P1 to P )
k= =
P1P2 1 (one division from P1 to P2 )

x = x1 + k ( x 2 − x1 ) = −2 + 3  2 − (−2) = 10
y = y1 + k ( y2 − y1 ) = 3 + 3 [−1 − 3 ] = −9

P (10,−9)

7
B. Transformation in Coordinate Plane
Translation, reflection, and rotation are transformations which are
also called rigid motions. Sliding a figure from its original location to a new
location is called translation. The figure in the new location is called the
image of the original figure. This image has the same size and shape as the
original. In other words, they are congruent. This is illustrated below.

original image

Translation can be shown on a coordinate plane.

eXample 1.

8
7
C(−6,5) 6 C ′(4,5)
5
4
A′ (10,2)
3
2 A(0,2)
B(−6,2) 1 B ′(4,2)
x
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8

∆ABC above is translated 10 units to the right. 10 units are added

to each x-coordinate of each vertex of ∆ABC .
A (0, 2) → A ′ (0 + 10, 2) or A ′ (10, 2)
B (−6, 2) → B ′ (−6 + 10, 2) or B ′ (4, 2)
C (−6, 5) → C ′ (−6 + 10, 5) or C ′ (4, 5)

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eXample 2. In this second example, translation is done downward and
6 units are subtracted from each y-coordinate of the vertices
of ∆ABC .

8
7
6
5 B(1,4)
4
3
2
C(1,1) 1 A(5,1)
x
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-1
-2 B ′(1,−2)
-3
-4
-5 A′ (5,−5)
-6
C ′(1,−5)
-7
-8

A (5,1)→ A ′ (5,1− 6) or A ′ (5, −5)

B (1, 4)→ B ′ (1, 4 − 6) or B ′ (1, −2)
C (1,1) → C ′ (1,1 − 6) or C ′ (1, −5)

Reflection is flipping a figure across a line. If a figure is reflected across

a line, its shape and size are preserved.

eXample 3.

8
B ′(−2,6)7 B(2,6)
6
5
4
A′ (−7,1) 3
A(7,1)
2
1
x
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

C ′(−2,1)-2 C(2,1)
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8

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 In the previous example, the original triangle is ∆ABC . This is
flipped across the y-axis and each x-coordinate of the vertices of ∆ABC is
multiplied by -1. The image is ∆A ′B ′C ′.

A (7,1) → A ′ (7⋅ −1, 1) or A ′ (−7,1)

B (2, 6) → B ′ (2⋅ −1, 6) or B ′ (−2, 6)
C (2,1) → C ′ (2⋅ −1, 1) or C ′ (−2,1)

Rotation is a transformation that turns the figure about a point called

the center of rotation. How much this figure is turned about the center is
measured by the angle of rotation.

eXample 4. ∆ABC has vertices A (A2(,A23(,)32,),B3, )B

(8,(,B83,()38,), and
3, )and
,and(2(C,29(,)92.), 9. ) .
and
CC
Multiply each coordinate by -1 and determine the angle
of rotation.

16
14
12
10
C(2,9)
8
6
4
2 B(8,3)
A(2,3)
x
-16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2-2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
B ' (−8,−3) -4 A' (−2,−3)
-6
-8
C '(−2,−9) -10
-12
-14
-16

A (2, 3) → A ′ (−2, −3)

B (8, 3) → B ′ (−8, −3)
C (2, 9) → C ′ (−2, −9)

Notice that the angle of rotation is 180°.

Another transformation used in geometry is dilation. In translations,
reflections, and rotations, the image is congruent to the original figure.
In the case of dilation, the original figure and the image are similar. The
original figure is either enlarged or reduced.

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eXample 5. Enlarge ∆ABC .

object
image

Extra Exercises

A. Solve the following.

1. The line segment joining A (4, 2) and C (10, 6) is to be divided
into five equal parts. Find the coordinates of the point of
division B nearest to C.
2. The line segment joining P (−4, −3) and Q (2, 5) is extended
three times its own length. Find the coordinates of the terminal
point R.
3. The segment joining (−2, 5) and (12, −8) is extended a distance
equal to one-sixth of its own length. Find the coordinates of the
terminal point.

B. Determine whether the transformation is a translation, reflection, or

rotation.

y y
1. 2.

x x

y y
3. 4.

x x

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C. Translate the figure 4 units to the left.

8
7
6
5 B
4
3
2
1
C A
x
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8

D. Rotate ∆ABC counterclockwise by switching the coordinates and

multiplying the first by -1. Then determine the measure of rotation.

8
7 B
6 (6,6)
5
4
3
2 (6,2)
1 A(1,2) C
x
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8

E. Do as indicated.
1. Reflect ∆CDE with vertices C (−5,1) , D (−1,1) , and E (−1, 6)
over the x-axis.
2. The vertices of ∆ABC are A (2, 2) , B (6, 2) , and C (6,10) .
Reduce ∆ABC so that each side of its image is half as long.
3. The vertices of ∆ABC are A (1,1) , B (4,1) , and C (4, 6) . Enlarge
∆ABC by multiplying each coordinate by 2.

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1. A coordinate plane is determined by two perpendicular
number lines that intersect at a point called the origin. The
number lines are the x-axis and the y-axis.
2. There is one-to-one correspondence between the points on
the Cartesian coordinate plane and all the ordered pairs of real
numbers.
3. The slope m of a nonvertical line that passes through
P1 ( x1 , y1 ) and P2 ( x 2 , y2 ) is
y − y2
m= 1 ⋅
x1 − x 2

The slope of a horizontal line is 0. The slope of a vertical line

is undefined.
4. The x-intercept is the abscissa of the point of intersection of a
line and the x-axis. The y-intercept is the ordinate of the point of
intersection of a line and the y-axis.
5. Parallel lines have equal slopes.
6. The product of the slopes of two perpendicular lines is equal to
-1.
7. The distance between two points P1 ( x1 , y1 ) and P2 ( x 2 , y2 ).is

2 2
P1P2 = ( x 2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 ) .

8. If P1 ( x1 , y1 ) and P2 ( x 2 , y2 ) are any two points in a coordinate

plane, then the midpoint M of P1P2 has coordinates

 x + x 2 y1 + y2 
M  1 , .
 2 2 
9. The standard form of the equation of a circle with center at (h, k )
and radius r is
2
(x − h) + ( y − k ) = r 2 .
2

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