DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PROPOSED DORMITORY (LOS ANGELES) AMENITY BUILDING

Kalayaan Ave., Brgy. West Rambo, Makati City

1.1 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARD

The following codes, standards, and references were used in the design of the Structural Works.

1) National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP), 7th Edition, 2015

2) Uniform Building Code (UBC) 1997 Edition, International Conference of Buildings Officials
3) American Concrete Institute (ACI) Publications
a. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary-American
Concrete Institute (ACI 318) 2005 Edition
b. Details and Detailing of Reinforcement for Concrete
4) Manual of Steel Construction - American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)9th Edition
5) Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, ASEP Guide,
6) Foundation Analysis and Design, Fifth Edition, by Joseph E. Bowles

1.2 DESIGN LOADINGS

1.2.1 Live Loads

`
Room Name kPa
Basic Floor Area/Residential 1 .90
Exterior Balconies 2 .90
Offices 2 .40
Partition @ Housing 1 .40
Commercial Space, Day Care & Function Room 4 .80
Storage (Light), Gym & AHU 7 .20
Stairs, Corridors & Lobbies 4 .80
Parking/Ramp 4 .80
Transformer/Genset Area 12 .0
Garden Floor 12 .0
Roof Deck 2 .40
* = Non-Reducible

1.2.2 LIVE Load Reduction

The design live load was reduced on members supporting more than 15m2, expect for
floors in places of public assembly and for floor live loads greater than 4.80 kPa, in
accordance with the following equation:
R = r (A-15)
The reduction shall not exceed 40 percent fot members receiving load from one level
only, 60 percent for other members or R, as determined by the following equation:
R = 23.1 (1 + D/L)
Where:
A = area of floor or roof supported by the member, square meter.
D = dead load per square meter of area supported by the member.
L = unit live load per square meter of area supported by the member.
R = reduction in percentage.
r = rate of reduction equal to 0.08 percent for floors.

For storage loads exceeding 4.80 kPa, no reduction shall be made, except that
design live load on columns may be reduced 20 percent.

The live load reduction shall not exceed 40 percent in garages for the storage
of private pleasure cars having a capacity of not more than nine passengers
per vehicle.

1.2.3 Dead Loads

Self-Weight Kn/m3
Concrete 23.6
Steel 77.0

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 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PROPOSED DORMITORY (LOS ANGELES) AMENITY BUILDING
Kalayaan Ave., Brgy. West Rambo, Makati City
Soil 18.0

1.2.4 Superimposed Dead Load

Material kPa

Partitions:
• Masonry 2.73
• Movable Partition 0.96
Floor Finish + Topping 1.20
Membrane Waterproofing + Topping 1.80
Ceilng + Utilities 0.48

1.2.5 Lateral Loads

1.2.5.1 Wind load

Design Code: NSCP 2015
Basic Wind Speed: 250 kph
Velocity Pressure, q: 0.613KzKztKdV^2
Exposure Category: B
Design Wind Pressure, P: P = q G Cp - qi(GCpi)

where:
q= qz for windward walls evaluated at height z above the ground
q= qh for leeward walls, sidewalls and roofs evaluated at height h
qi= qh for windward walls, sidewalls, leeward walls, and roofs of enclosed buildings and for
negative internal pressure evaluation in partially enclosed buildings
qi= qz for positive internal pressure evaluation in partially enclosed buildings where height
z is defined as the level of the highest opening in the building that could affect
the positive internal pressure.
G= gust effect factor
Cp= external pressure coefficient
GCpi= internal pressure coefficient
Kz= velocity pressure corfficient
Kzt= topographic factor defined
Kd= wind directionality factor

1.2.5.2 Earthquake Loads

Framing System: Dual system with special reinforced concrete shear walls
Seismic Code: Uniform Building Code 1997 / NSCP 2015
Seismic Zone: Zone 4, Z=0.4
Soil Profile Type: Sc
Building Base: Ground Level
Seismic Source Proximitly: 740 km
(Seismic Source Type A)
Design Earthquake Load, E = ρEh + Ev

where:
E = the earthquake load on an element of the structure resulting
from the combination of the horizontal component, Eh, and the Vertical
component, Ev
Eh = the earthquake load due to the base shear, V or the design lateral
force, Fp.
Ev = the load effect resulting from the vertical component of the erthquake
ground motion and is equal to an addition of 0.5CaID to the dead load
load effect, D, for Strength Design, and may be taken as zero for
Allowable Stress Design.
p = Reliability/redundancy factor as given by the following equation:
p = 1, when calculating drift or when the structure is located

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 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PROPOSED DORMITORY (LOS ANGELES) AMENITY BUILDING
Kalayaan Ave., Brgy. West Rambo, Makati City
in Seismic Zone 0,1 or 2

Where: rmax = the maximum element-story shear ratio. For a given direction
of loading, the element-storey shear in the most heavily loaded
single element divided by the total design storey shear.
Ab= The ground area of the structure in square meter. For any given
storey Level I, the element-storey shear ratio is denoted as ri.
The maximum element-storey shear ratio rmax is defined as the
largest of the element storey shear ratios, ri, which occurs in any
of the storey levels at or below the two-thirds height level of the
building.
Design Base Shear for Static Force Procedure:

Where:

V = Total Design Lateral Force or Shear at the Base

Z = 0.4 (Seismic Zone Factor)
I = 1.0 (Importance Factor)
Ca= 0.40 Na
Cv= 0.56 Nv
T = Ct(hn) ¾, Elastic Fundamental Period of Vibration of the Structure, in
seconds, in the direction under consideration.
Ct= Numerical Coefficient for Structure
= 0.085 for steel moment-resisting frames.
= 0.073 for reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames.
= 0.0488 for other structures
hn= the height of structures
Distance = 704 km (distance to seismic source)
Soil profile type = Sc
Seismic source type = A
R= Numerical Coefficient Representative of the Inherent Overstrength
and Global Ductility of the Lateral-Force-Resisting System"
R = 8.5
W= Total Seismic Dead Load

1.3 Material Specifications

1.3.1.1 28th-day Compressive Strength, f'c

LOCATION 28 DAYS STRENGTH

Footing/ Mat Foundation fc’ = 6,500 psi

Footing Tie Beam fc’ = 6,500 psi
Shear wall/Column & Beam-Column Joints
Foundation to 2nd fc’ = 4,000 psi
2nd to Roof fc’ = 4,000 psi

Beam/ Slab
2nd to 3rd fc’ = 4,000 psi
3rd to Roof fc’ = 4,000 psi

Slab on Grade fc’ = 2,500 psi

Retaining Wall/Cistern Wall/Cistern Slab/Septic Tank fc’ = 4,000 psi

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 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PROPOSED DORMITORY (LOS ANGELES) AMENITY BUILDING
Kalayaan Ave., Brgy. West Rambo, Makati City
Stairs fc’ = 4,000 psi
Lean Concrete fc’ = 1,500 psi
Non-Structural R.C. wall, fc’ = 3,000 psi
Lintel Beam and Stiffener Column

1.3.1.2 Steel Reinforcement

- Steel Reinforcement (Deformed Bars)

10mm and smaller ASTM 706 (fy=276 MPa )
12mm and larger ASTM 706 (fy=414 MPa )

1.3.1.3 Structural Steel

Yield strength, Fv
Rolled Sections (ASTM A36) 248 MPa
Cold-formed Sections (ASTM A446) 276 MPa

Tensile strength, Fu
High Strength Bolts (ASTM A325) 830 Mpa
Normal Bolts (ASTM A307) 414 Mpa
Welding Electrodes (E60XX) 414 MPa

1.4 Load Combinations

1.4.1 For Ultimate Strength Design of Reinforced Concrete

1.4.1.1 Dead Load + Live Load

1.2* D + 1.6*L

1.4.1.2 Dead Load + Live Load + Wind Load

0.75* (1.4*D + 1.7* L + 1.7* W)

0.9* D + 1.0* W

1.4.1.3 Dead Load + Live Load + Seismic Load

1.2* D + 1*E + 1 * L
0.9* D + 1.0*E

Where: D = Dead Load

L = Live Load
Lr = Roof Live Load
W = Wind Load
T = Effect of Temperature Change

Where: E = Earthquake Load

f1 = 1.0 for floors in places of public assembly, for live loads in
excess of 4.8 kPa, and for garage live load.
= 0.5 for other live loads

1.4.2 For Allowable Stress Design of Steel

1.4.2.1 Dead Load + Live Load

DL + LL

1.4.2.2 Dead Load + Live Load + Wind Load

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 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PROPOSED DORMITORY (LOS ANGELES) AMENITY BUILDING
Kalayaan Ave., Brgy. West Rambo, Makati City
D + L + 0.6WL
D + (0.6WL or EQ/ 1.4)

Where: D= Dead Load

L= Live Load
WL = Wind Load
EQ = Earthquake Force

1.4 ALLOWABLE SOIL BEARING CAPACITY

Based from the Geotechnical Report, the allowables soil bearing capacity
used in the design is 950kPa.

1.5 Story DRIFT LIMITATION

1.5.1 Wind Load

Maximum drift index limit was set at 0.003 to 0.005. The design wind
loads was calculated using the guidelines of NSCP. Calculated drift
includes translation, torsional deflections and PA effects.

1.5.2 Seismic Load

Calculated story drift using Am shall not exceed 0.025 times the story
height for structures having fundamental period of less than 0.7 second.
For structures having a fundamental period of 0.7 second or greater,
the calculated story drift shall not exceed 0.020 times the story height.

The maximum inelastic response displacement, Am shall be computed as follows:

∆m = 0.7 * R * ∆s
Where ∆s is the resulting deformationsfrom a static, elastic analysis of the lateral force-
resisting system prepared using the design seismic forces. Alternatively, dynamic analysis
may be perforemed in accordance with UBC97 Section 1631. The mathematical model shall
comply with UBC97 Section 1630.1.2. Calculated drift shall include translation and torsional
deflections.

The design lateral forces used to determined the calculated drift disregard the limitations of
UBC97 Equations (30-6) and was based on the period determined from UBC97 equation (30-10)
neglecting the 30 or 40 percent limitations of UBC97 Section 1630.2.2, Item 2.

The analysis used to determine the Maximum Ienlastic Response Displacement, ∆m have
considered P∆ effects.

1.6 ANALYSIS

1.6.1 General
The analysis was carried out in accordance with the Uniform Building Code (UBC)
1997/ National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015. A three dimensional
model was used in the analysis using Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional
2015

1.6.2 Vertical Load Analysis

Vertical load analysis was carried out on the basis of the loads given in 1.2.1 to 1.2.4.

Procedure was as follows:

1. Choose a structural framing system considering the material chosen, use or

occupancy and height
2. Layout the vertical load and lateral load resisting framing system
3. Layout the floor framing system

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 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PROPOSED DORMITORY (LOS ANGELES) AMENITY BUILDING
Kalayaan Ave., Brgy. West Rambo, Makati City
4. Determine floor slab dead and live load
5. Analyze and determine required thickness of floor slab
6. Distribute floor loads to beam using method recommended by ACI.
7. Use a three dimensional model for the structural analysis and apply the
corresponding dead and live loads.
8. Use Ieffective (Effective Moment of Inertia) of structural members as required by
ACI/UBC e.g. 0.70 Igross for columns, 0.35 Igross for beams (See ACI318-99
10.11, UBC97 1910.11)

1.6.3 Lateral Load Analysis

1.6.3.1 Wind Load Analysis
Wind load analysis was carried out on the basis of the loads given in 1.2.5.1.
Wind was assumed to come from any horizontal direction. No reduction in wind
pressure for shielding effect of adjacent structures.

The base overturning moment for the entire struture, of for any one of its primary
lateral-resisting elements, was checked and shall not exceed two thirds of the
dead-load-resistinf moment. For an entire structure with a height-to-width ratio of
0.5 or less in the wind direction and a maximum height of 60 feet (18,290), the
combination of the effects of uplift and overturning was reduced by one-third as
allowed by NSCP / UBC. The weight of earth superimposed over footings was used
to calculate the dead-load resisting moment.

Procedure is as follows:
9. Determine design wind pressure at each level.
10 Apply wind load to the three dimensional model.

1.6.3.2 Earthquake Load Analysis

Earthquake load analysis was carried out on the basis of the loads given in 1.2.5.2.
An equivalent static seismic analysis was carried out to obtain the scaling factors
for the dynamic lateral forces. The dynamic analysis was performed as required
and the detailed procedure illustrated in UBC 1631. The forces from the dynamic
analysis multiplied by the scaling factor, was used throughout the design.

Below are the effective moment of inertia used for the structural members.
Columns: Ieffective = 0.70 * Igross
Beams: Ieffective = 0.35 * Igross
Procedure is as follows:
11. Determine building mass.
12. Determine design base shear for static force procedure.
13. Determine minimum accidental torsion.
14. Perform dynamic lateral response spectrum analysis.

Description of Dynamic Analysis Procedure:

14.1 Perform the dynamic analysis using the normalized reponse spectra shapes given
by UBC 1997 using an initial acceleration of one (1) g.
14.2 Determine number of modes shapes required to attain a mass participation of at

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 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PROPOSED DORMITORY (LOS ANGELES) AMENITY BUILDING
Kalayaan Ave., Brgy. West Rambo, Makati City
least 90%. UBC requires that at least 90 percent of the participating mass of the
structure should be included in the calculation of response for each principal
horizontal direction.
14.3 Check base shear from dynamic analysis using an acceleration of one (1) g. Scale
the results.
14.4 Rerun dynamic analysis using the scaled acceleration from Step 14.3.
14.5 Apply minimum accidental torsion requirements.
14.6 Perform design for structural members.
14.7 Determine the fundamental period (TB) using the structural properties and
deformational characteristics of the resisting elements (Method B).
14.8 Check approximate T of Method A (TA) versus Method B(Ta). If TB is smaller than
TA, use TB and recalculate the minimum required base shear in Step 12 and redo
the analysis If TB is larger than TA, we can use TB in formula in Step 12 reduce the
minimum required base shear. The value of TB shall not be over 40 percent in
Seismic Zones 1,2 and 3.
14.9 check the story drift.

1.7 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

A dual reinforced concrete structural frame system is used as the lateral

load resisting system of the structure. A structural system has the following features:

1. An essentially complete space frame providing support for gravity loads.

2. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear walls or braced frame and moment-resisting
frames (SMRF, IMRF, MMRWF of steel OMRF). The moment-resisting frame shall be designed
to independently resist at least 25 percent of the design base shear.
3. The two systems shall be designed to resist the total design base shear in proportion to their
relative rigidities considering the interaction of the bearing wall system at all levels.

In the case of the proposed structure which is located in a Seismic Zone 4 region, a
concrete bearing wall system concrete shear walls is allowed without restrictions to the building
height.

The shear walls and SMRF frame members was designed to satisfy the special seismic design
and detailing of "Reinforced concrete structures resisting forces induced by earthquake
motions," as required by UBC and NSCP.

Higher concrete strength for columns were specified based on the guidelines of UBC 1910.15.
The ratio of column concrete strength to beam/girder concrete strength was limited to 1.40.

1.8 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME MEMBERS

1.8.1 General
The design has been carried out in accordance with the Uniform Building Code (UBC)
1997, ACI 318 and the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015 7th
Edition. CONKER, the concrete design post processor of Autodesk ROBOT was used for
most of the concrete frame members of the structure.

1.8.2 Design of Frame Beams

1. Determine maximum factored beam loads from DL, LL, WL and EQ analysis
2. Dtermine required flexural snd shear reinforcement from maximum factored loads
3. Check beam shear capacity considering the probable moment capacity of the beam
using a steel yield strength overstrength factor of 1.25

In the design of beam shear reinforcing of a special moment resisting frames (seismic
design), the shear force Vu is calculated from the moment capacities of each end of the
beam and the gravity shear forces.

The design shear force Vu is given by Vp + V d+l where V d+l is the gravity beam shear

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 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PROPOSED DORMITORY (LOS ANGELES) AMENITY BUILDING
Kalayaan Ave., Brgy. West Rambo, Makati City
force and Vp is the shear force obtained by applying the calculated ultimate capacities,
acting in opposite directions, at the corresponding ends of the beams.

Vp is the maximum of Vp1 and Vp2 where Vp1 = (M-I + M+I) / L and Vp2 = (M+I + M-I)/L,

Where:
M-I is the moment capacity at end I, with top steel in tension, using a steel yield stress
value of afy and no Ø factors.

M+ j is the moment capacity at end I, with bottom steel in tension, using a steel yield
stress value of afy and no Ø factors.

M+I is the moment capacity at end I, with bottom steel in tension, using a steel yield
stress value of afy and no Ø factors.

M-J is the moment capacity at end J, with top steel in tension, using a steel yield stress
value of afy and no Ø factors.

L = clear span of beam.

The overstrength factor is a taken as 1.25 for special moment resisting frame.

1.8.3 Design of Beam-Column Joints

4. Determine maximum shear stess at joints.
In determining shear forces in the joints, forces in the longitudinal beam
reinforcement at the joint face shall be calculated by assuming that the stress
in the flexural tensile reinforcement is 1.25fy.

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 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PROPOSED DORMITORY (LOS ANGELES) AMENITY BUILDING
Kalayaan Ave., Brgy. West Rambo, Makati City
5. Check shear stress with allowable shear stress

The nominal shear strength of the joint shall not exceed the forces specified below
for normal weight concrete.

For joints confined on all four faces……….

For joints confined on three faces or

on two opposite faces………………………………

For other joints…………………………………………

Where:

Aj = effective cross-section area within a joint in a plane parallel to the plane

of the reinforcement generating shear in the joint. The joint depth shall be the
overall depth of the column. Where a beam frames into a support of larger width,
the effective width of the joint shall not exceed the smaller of:

Beam width plus the joint depth

Twice the smaller perpendicular distance from the longitudinal axis of the beam
to the column side.

A joint is considered to be confined if confining members frame into all faces

of the of the joint.
A member that frames into a faces is considered to provide confinement at the
joint if at least ¾ of the face of the joint is covered by the framing member.

1.8.4 Design of Columns

6. Determine maximum factored column loads from DL, LL, WL and EQ analysis
7. Determine required flexural and shear / confinement reinforcement from maximum
factored loads.

The reinforcement ratio (Pg) shall not be less than 0.01 and shall not exceed 0.06.

The transverse reinforcement requirements below need only be provided over a

length (Io) from each face and on both sides of any section where flexural yielding
is likely to occur.
The length (Io) shall not be less than:
depth of member
1/6 clear span
450 mm
Ratio of spiral or circular hoop reinforcement (Ps) shall be determined by the ff:

Total cross-sectional area of rectangular hoop reinforcement for confinement

shall be determined by the following:

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DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PROPOSED DORMITORY (LOS ANGELES) AMENITY BUILDING
Kalayaan Ave., Brgy. West Rambo, Makati City

The concrete strength factor, "kf" , and confinement effectiveness factor "kn" ,
are calculated according to the ff. equations:

where is the number of longitudinal bars or bar bundles around the

perimeter of a column core with rectilinear hoops that are laterally supported
by the corner of hoops or by seismic hooks.

If the thickness of the concrete outside the confining transverse reinforcement exceeds
100mm, additional transverse reinforcement shall be provided at a spacing 300mm.
Concrete cover on the additional reinforcement shall not exceed 100mm.

Transverse reinforcement shall be spaced at distance not exceeding h/4 (where: h= least column
dimension, 6x smallest longitudinal bar diameter,

Cross ties or legs of overlapping hoops shall not be spaced more than 350mm on center
in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the member. Vertical bars
not be farther than 150mm clear from a laterally supported bar.

Where the transverse reinforcement as discussed above is no longer required,

the remainder of the column shall contain spiral or hoop reinforcement spaced at
distances not to exceed
6 x longitudinal bar diameter
150mm

Transverse reinforcement must also be proportional to resist the design shear force

The design shear force shall be calculated from considering the maximum forces that
can be generated at the faces of the joints at each end of the column. These joint
forces shall be calculated using the maximum probable flexural strengths
at each end of the column associated with the range of factored axial forces,
acting on the column. The column shears need not exceed those calculated from joint
strengths based on of the beams framing into the joint. In no case shall

Columns supporting reactions from discontinued stiff members, such as walls, shall
have transverse reinforcement as specified in AC 21.4.4.1 through 21.4.43 over their
full height, if the factored axial compressive force, including earthquake effects, exceeds
. Where design forces have been magnified to account for the overstrength
of the vertical elements of the seismic-force-resisting system, the limit of
shall be increased to

This transverse reinforcement shall extend into the discontinued member

for at least the development length of the largest longitudinal reinforcement in the
column in accordance with Sec 418.8.5 of NSCP 2015

If the column terminates on a footing or mat, the transverse reinforcement shall exctend
at least 300mm into footing or mat.

8. Check beam-column strength ratio (strong column - weak beam principle).

At roof level or the columns in the top story, gravity loads will generally govern the
design of beams. Moreover, plastic hinges in columns should be acceptable because
ductility demands on columns, arising from a column sway mechanism in the top story,
are not excessive. Further, axial compression on such columns are generally small, and

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 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PROPOSED DORMITORY (LOS ANGELES) AMENITY BUILDING
Kalayaan Ave., Brgy. West Rambo, Makati City
hence rotational ductility in plastic hinges can readily be achieved with amounts of
transverse reinforcement similar to those used in plastic hinges of beams. Thus at roof
level, strength design procedures for flexure are appropriate. Hinge formation at the
bottom end of top-story columns is also acceptable. However, in this case tranverse
reinforcement in the lower end region must also be provided to ensure adequate
rotational ductility, and lapped splices of column rebars should then be located at
midstory. (Reinforcemen:c Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry
Buildings, by T. Paulay and M.J.N. Priestly, 1992, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)

The flexural strengths of columns satisfy the following:

Where:

= sum of moments at the faces of the joint, corresponding to the nominal flexural
strength of the columns.
= sum of moments at the faces of the joint, corresponding to the nominal flexural
strength of the girders. In T-beam construction, slab reinforcement within an
effective slab width defined in ACI 8.10 shall contribute to flexural strength.

If this requirement is not satisfied, the lateral strength and stiffness of the column shall
not be considered when determining strength and stiffness of the structure. These
columns shall conform to Sec 418.14 of the National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015

Prepared By: Noted By:

ATHENA N. MAGALLON BERNARDO A. CABEBE JR.

Civil Engineer Structural Engineer

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