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Prospects of Wind Energy in Bangladesh PDF
Prospects of Wind Energy in Bangladesh PDF
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka-1000,
Bangladesh
*Corresponding Author Email Address: moshia.nir@gmail.com
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH
Md. Tanjin Amin, Vol. 2, Issue. 8, pp. 213-218, 2015
II. POWER GENERATION SCENARIO IN BANGLADESH electricity is on the peak in Bangladesh due to the launching
of summer accompanied by heavy demand of water in
Power sector in Bangladesh is inflicted with several problems
irrigation purpose. Interestingly, in most of the regions (at
such as shortage of natural gas, diesel, unreliable old power
least 50%) of Bangladesh suction head in Bangladesh is only 6
plant, increasing number of population etc. In Bangladesh,
meter [9] [10]. Generally, the required pump is of 12 meter
only 39-40% of the population has access to electricity with a
head and 2 cusec capacity [4]. This demand can easily be met
per capita availability of 136KWh per annum. There are more
by harnessing the wind potential. Now, this demand is mainly
than 87,319 villages in Bangladesh, and most of them are not
fulfilled by diesel. Power generation cost by diesel is relatively
connected to the national grid [19]. It is a major challenge for
higher than other fuels. Installation of windmills will not only
government to cope up with the 7% increasing energy
save the higher cost of pumping water for irrigation purpose
demand, while there is already an energy deficit. Current
but also increase the national power generation from a
energy generation on percentage of fuel basis is shown in
dependable source.
figure 1 [16].
is blowing, but require a lot more ground space to support speed data in six potential coastal spots has been recorded
their guy wires than horizontal axis wind turbines [5]. for a period of one year [2]. The data at 25 meter height are
shown in figure 3.
Patenga Cox's Bazar
Teknaf Char Fassion
Kuakata Kutubdia
8
3
Figure 3. (a) Horizontal Axis WT (b) Vertical Axis WT [5].
2
V. DESIGN CONSIDERATION
1
Blade area needs to be as large as possible to extract more 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
power at same height. Site selection is the most important Month (January-December)
issue. Site of a wind turbine should have steady and strong
wind flow. To have excellent power extraction, the site Figure 4. Monthly Average Wind Speed in Six Different Coastal Spots.
should have at least 7 m/s wind velocity. But in Bangladesh,
It has been observed from figure 4 that, May to August is the
there is hardly any sight which has such potential. With
most suitable period for extracting wind energy. During this
recent development in wind turbine design, it is possible to
period, average monthly wind speed varies from 3.68 m/s to
extract energy from wind having a velocity of 2.5 m/s too.
7.03 m/s. Kuakata has the best suited place among the six
Coastal areas, islands and top of mountains are suitable
spots. Besides Kuakata; Patenga, Kutubdia and Char Fassion
places for wind mills. Height of wind turbine is also
have the good probability to be the sites for installing wind
important. Wind power is directly proportional to the cube of
turbine. It will not be a good decision to establish wind mill in
its velocity. Wind blows in larger velocities in higher altitudes.
Teknaf. But, wind energy is extractable from all the places
The recommended tower height is 24-37 meter. Spacing
from the six spots around the year. Monthly extractable wind
between adjacent turbines needs to be at least several times
energy is shown in table I.
the length of the turbine blades to prevent lowering the
efficiency of the turbines due to one stealing wind from or TABLE I. EXTRACTABLE MONTHLY WIND POWER
causing turbulence for another. One rule of thumb is that
placement between turbines should be about 3 to 7 times of Extractable Wind Energy (watt-hr/m2)
diameters between adjacent turbines in a direction Month Cox's Char Kua- Kutub-
Patenga Teknaf
perpendicular to the wind, and 10 times of diameters spacing Bazar Fassion kata dia
in a direction of the wind [5]. Wind plants should be kept Jan 6.42 2.38 1.47 4.03 5.90 9.08
nearer to grid line to increase cost effectiveness. In coastal Feb 3.46 1.47 1.30 3.57 7.09 6.60
zones, the maximum wind speed goes up to 250 km/hr. So, Mar 5.74 2.67 2.12 8.14 20.95 8.21
wind turbines should have the capacity to wind speed against Apr 4.48 1.18 0.86 6.60 22.27 5.63
this heavy wind speed. May 22.68 11.75 5.47 20.43 45.47 21.47
Jun 36.38 18.34 6.36 35.09 71.72 37.71
VI. STATISTICAL DATA
Jul 33.47 20.30 14.91 26.11 72.60 43.12
Wind speed data in different places of Bangladesh is Aug 24.79 14.70 12.02 25.37 68.53 27.96
available in Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). Sep 7.22 9.38 7.74 6.72 10.00 8.57
Wind data has been collected from BMD and other possible
Oct 6.02 9.60 6.60 9.30 1.90 11.75
sources to assess the potentiality of wind energy. Bangladesh
Nov 3.30 4.62 2.23 2.54 1.47 6.19
government had a project named as WEST (Wind Energy
Study Project). Under this project, monthly average wind Dec 4.86 1.07 0.57 11.32 6.90 7.09
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH
Md. Tanjin Amin, Vol. 2, Issue. 8, pp. 213-218, 2015
50
Average Wind Speed Extractable Wind Power
Month 45
(m/s) (watt-hr/m2)
Jan 2.74 3.78 40
Feb 2.95 4.71 35
Mar 3.27 6.42 30
Apr 4.31 14.70
25
May 4.23 13.90
Jun 4.20 13.60
20
Jul 3.20 6.02 15
Aug 3.31 6.66 10
Sep 2.76 3.86 5
Oct 2.21 1.98
0
Nov 2.33 2.32
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Dec 2.29 2.20
Month (January-December)
From table II, it is clear that Chandona is not a good place for
Figure 6. Extractable Power in Saint Martins.
installing wind turbine. But it can be noted that, it has
potential to support the demand of irrigation during the It has been observed from figure 5 and figure 6 that, average
April-June. This will be a good support to the national grid. wind speed is higher as the height is increased. As a result,
extractable power is increased. Almost 39% more power is
obtainable as the height is increased from 10 meter to 30
meter. To have better understanding, the average monthly
216
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH
Md. Tanjin Amin, Vol. 2, Issue. 8, pp. 213-218, 2015
average speed and extractable power are shown in figure 7 VIII. COST ESTIMATION & COMPARISON
and figure 8.
It is difficult to estimate the real value of per kw-hr electricity
At 25 meter height cost from wind energy as it is not used to generate power in
mass scale in Bangladesh. A simple way to estimate the value
At 50 meter height
is described below.
10
To generate 100 mw electricity at 50 meter height in Kuakata,
Average Wind Speed (m/s)
217
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH
Md. Tanjin Amin, Vol. 2, Issue. 8, pp. 213-218, 2015
behavior should be done at the northern zone of Bangladesh, [11] Mollah, M. B., “Wind data studies at coastal and north-west
where irrigation demand is maximum. Cost comparison area in Bangladesh”, 2nd International Conference on the
shows producing electricity by wind is much cheaper than Developments in Renewable Energy Technology ICDRET, 2012,
p. 1-5.
diesel and solar PV. The main reason of reluctance of
[12] A.K.M. Sadrul Islam, “Appropriate Renewable Energy
investing in wind energy is higher initial cost. Initial cost is
Technology Options for Bangladesh”.
almost 4-5 times higher for wind sector that of in gas sector. [13] Rosa, A. V., “Fundamental of Renewable Energy Process”,
If we can establish wind turbines in mass scale, unit electricity Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc., 2005.
generation cost will surely reduce. In near future, wind will be [14] Beurskens, H. J. M., “Feasibility Study of Windmills for Water
the major source of energy in Bangladesh as well as all over Supply in Mara region”, Tanzania, SWD Publication, P.O. Box 85,
the world since the stock of fossil fuels is diminishing day by Amersfoort, The Netherlands, 1978.
day. Bangladesh government should provide easy loans to [15] “Wind Energy Resources Mapping in Coastal Regions of
investors to encourage investing in wind energy. Coastal Bangladesh”, a project of Local Government Engineering
Department (LGED) financed by United Nation Development
zones should be kept in focus as wind potential is more there
Program (UNDP) in 2003.
than any other zones. Kuakata has been found the most
[16] http://www.powerdivision.gov.bd/user/brec/49/89
promising spot than others. June-August is the most suitable [17] http://www.bpc.gov.bd/
period for extracting wind power. On the other hand, [18] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Bangladesh
October-December is the period of probability of having [19] Sadiyah Sabah Chowdhury, Arnab Bhattacharjee, Cyrus Ashok
lowest or no wind energy. Wind turbines should be Arupratan Atis, Dr. Md. Mahbubul Alam, “Solar Pump:
established as high as possible, since wind velocity increases Mitigating The Agro Power Crisis In Bangladesh”,
as the height increases. Bangladesh government has INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RENEWABLE ENERGY
established wind turbines in Maheshkhali and Muhuri Dam of RESEARCH, Vol. 2, Issue. 4, 2013, p. 720-726.
[20] Bangladesh Power Executives Learn About Turkey's Power Plant
3 MW cumulatively. Success of these projects will certainly
Operation & Maintenance Best Practices, Published on United
motivate to establish windmills in mass scale.
States Energy Association (http://usea.org)
[21] http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/
REFERENCES [22] http://www.powerdivision.gov.bd/user/brec/112/58
[1] Local Government Engineering Department (LGED),
“Sustainable Rural Energy” web site (http://www.lged.org/sre).
Md. Tanjin Amin received the B.Sc. degree in
[2] Mohammad Golam Kibria Khan, Talha Rahman and M.M. Alam,
Mechanical Engineering with major in Applied
“WIND ENERGY IN BANGLADESH: PROSPECTS AND UTILIZATION Mechanics from the Bangladesh University of
INITIATIVES”. 3rd International Conference on Electrical & Engineering & Technology (BUET), Bangladesh in
Computer Engineering ICECE 2004, 28-30 December 2004, 2013.
Dhaka, Bangladesh. He is working as a Senior Executive in Square
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power Denims Ltd. His research interests include
[4] Ahmed, S., “Investigation and Analysis of Wind Pumping System applied mechanics, CFD, fluid mechanics, wind
for Irrigation in Bangladesh”, M.Sc Engineering Thesis, BUET, energy, thermal energy and machine design. He
holds 5 publications in the fields of applied
February 2000, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
mechanics, CFD, thermodynamics and textile
[5] M. A. Parvez Mahmud, Shahjadi Hisan Farjana, “Wind Power manufacturing technology.
Technology Schemes as Renewable Energy in Bangladesh”,
International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology
(IJEAT), ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-1, Issue-5, June 2012, p.
315-319.
[6] Rupesh C.R., “Evaluation of Wind Energy pattern for Chandona-
Gajipur Dhaka”, M.Sc. Engineering Thesis, BUET, 1999, Dhaka,
Bangladesh.
[7] National Energy Policy by Bangladesh Power Development
Board (BPDB).
[8] Nazia Farha, Md. Nur-Us-Safa, B.D. Rahamatullah, Md.
Sekendar Ali, “Prospects of Wind Energy in the Coastal Region
of Bangladesh”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research, ISSN 2229-5518, Volume 3, Issue 8, August, 2012.
[9] Sultan Ahmmed, Quamrul Islam, “Wind analysis for studying
the feasibility of using wind turbine for agricultural application”
ICRESD, 2003, p. 227-232.
[10] Sultan Ahmmed, Quamrul Islam, “A Study of Prospect of Wind
Resources for Water Pumping and Electricity Generation in
Bangladesh”, ICME, 2001, p. 53-59.
218