Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sterilization of Water
Sterilization of Water
Chemistry
Steriliz ation Of Water By
Sterilization
Using Bleaching Powder
This Project
Project deals with the process
process of
purifying water and make it t for drinking
y the
the techni!ue
techni!ue called
called Sterilization of
Water using Bleaching Powder
TRIBHUWAN KUMAR
A CHEMISTR
CHEMISTRY
Y INVESTIGA
INVESTIGATOR
TORY
Y PROJECT
PROJECT
B" ## T$%B&UW'( )U*'$
+lass #,%%
Index
J +erticate Of 'uthenticity
J 'cknowledgement
J %ntroduction
(eed Of Water
Purication of Water
(eed for a stale purication technology
J Theory
&istory Of water purication
Bleaching powder and its preparation
Use of Bleaching powder in sterilization of water
J -.periment
'im
Pre#re!uisite )nowledge
$e!uirement
Procedure
J $esult
J Biliography
+erticate Of 'uthenticity
certify that TRIBHUWAN KUMAR of class ,%% has
This is to certify
project on the topic / Sterii!"tion of
successfully completed this project
W"ter #y $sin% Be"chin% Po&der 0 under the guidance of *$1
T1(1
T1(1 2&' 3 *$1
*$1 S1 S'$)'$1
S'$)'$1
This Project
Project is asolutely genuine and does not indulge plagiarism
plagiarism
of any kind1
The reference
reference taken
taken in mailing this project
project has een declared
declared at
at
the end of this pro44ject1
%nternal Signature5#
-.ternal Signature5#
Signature5#
'cknowledgement
% feel proud to present my project in +hemistry on the topic
/Sterii!"tion of W"ter #y $sin% Be"chin% Po&der 01
This project
project wouldn6t ha7e een completed without
without the proper
proper
guidance of my +hemistry teacher *$1T( 2&' who guided me
throughout this project in e7ery possile way1 ' project in7ol7es
7arious di8cult la e.periments
e.periments which ha7e to e carried out y
the student to otain the oser7ation and conclude the report on a
meaningful note1 These e.periments are 7ery critical and in case
of failure9 may result in disastrous conse!uences1 Therey % would
like to thank *$1 T( 2&' for guiding me on a step y step asic
and ensuring that % completed all my e.periment
e.periment with ease1
% would also like to thank *r1 S1S'$)'$ and *$ P$':&'( for their
7ital support and co#operation1
't last % would like to thank my parents and all those without
whom this project would not ha7e een completed1
%ntroduction
Need of &"ter
Water is an important and essential ingredient in our !uest forfo r sur7i7al on
this planet1 %t is 7ery essential for carrying out 7arious metaolic processes
in our ody and also to carry out &emogloin throughout the ody1 ody1
' daily a7erage of ; gallon per man is su8cient for drinking and cooking
purposes1 ' horse9 ullock9 or mule drinks aout ;; gallons at a time1
Standing up9 an a7erage allowance of < gallons should e gi7en for a man9
and ;4 gallons for a horse or a camel1 'n elephant drinks =< gallons9 each
mule or o. drinks > to ? gallons9 each sheep or pig > to ? pints1 These are
minimum !uantities1
One c$#ic foot of &"ter ' ( %"ons )" %"on ' *+ #s,- 1
But with the increasing world population9 the demand for drinking water has
also increased dramatically and therefore it is 7ery essential to identify
resources
resources of water from which we can use water for drinking purposes1
*any a7ailale resources of water do not ha7e it in drinkale form1 -ither
the water contains e.cess of +alcium or *agnesium salts or any other
organic impurity or it simply contains foreign particles which make it unt
and unsafe for :rinking1
P$ri.c"tion of W"ter
There are many methods for the purication
purication of water1
water1 Some of them are
are
Boiling
@iltration
Bleaching powder treatment
SO:%S ASolar Water :isinfection
*, Boiin%
Boiling is perhaps the most commonly used water purication techni!ue in
use today1
today1 While in normal households it is an e8cient techni!ueC it cannot
can not
e used for industrial and large scale purposes1 %t is ecause in normal
households9 the water to e puried is 7ery small in !uantity and hence the
water loss due
due to e7aporation is
is almost negligile1
negligile1 But in %ndustrial or large
scale purication of water the water loss due to e7aporation will e !uite
high and the amount of puried water otained will e 7ery less1
/, 0itr"tion
@iltration is also used for remo7ing foreign particles from water1 One major
drawack of this purication process is that it cannot e used for remo7ing
foreign chemicals and impurities that are miscile with water1
Water#lled
ater#lled transparent ottles placed in a horizontal position atop a Dat
surface in strong sunlight for around 7e hours
h ours will kill microes in the
water1
water1 The process is made e7en more safe and eEecti7e if the ottom half
of the ottle or the surface itFs lying on is lackened9 andGor the Dat surface
is made of plastic or metal1 %tFs the comination of heat and ultra7iolet light
which kills the organisms1
The major drawack of this purication
purication techni!ue is that it cannot e used
in countries with cold weather1
weather1 'lso9 the time consumed for Purication
process is more and it also needs a Hlackened6 surface9 much like solar
cookers1
Theory
But the 7ictory otained y the in7ention of chlorination did not last long1
'fter
'fter some time the negati7e eEects of this element were disco7ered1
+hlorine 7aporizes much faster than water9 and it was linked to the
aggra7ation and cause of respiratory disease1 Water
Water e.perts started looking
for alternati7e water disinfectants1 %n ;J4= calcium hypo chlorite and ferric
chloride were mi.ed in a drinking water supply in Belgium9 resulting in oth
coagulation and disinfection1
@or more than a century9 the safety of drinking water supplies has een
greatly impro7ed y the addition of leaching powder1
powder1 :isinfecting our
drinking water ensures it is free of the microorganisms that can cause
serious and life#threatening diseases9 such as cholera and typhoid fe7er1 To
this day9 leaching powder remains the most commonly used drinking water
disinfectant9 and the disinfectant for which we ha7e the most scientic
information1 Bleaching powder is added as part of the drinking water
treatment process1
process1 &owe7er9 leaching powder also reacts with the organic
matter9 naturally present in water9 such as decaying lea7es1 This chemical
reaction forms a group of chemicals known as disinfection y#products1
+urrent scientic data shows that the enets of leaching our drinking
water Aless disease are much greater than any health risks from T&*s and
other y#products1 'lthough other disinfectants are a7ailale9 leaching
powder remains the choice of water treatment e.perts1 When used with
modern water ltration methods9 chlorine is eEecti7e against 7irtually all
microorganisms1
microorganisms1 Bleaching powder is easy to apply and small amounts of
the chemical remain in the water as it tra7els in the distriution system
from the treatment plant to the consumer6s tap9 this le7el of eEecti7eness
ensures that microorganisms cannot recontaminate the water after it lea7es
the treatment1
Sodium Process
>1 @iltration
@iltration # for remo7al of carried o7er Doc
Out of these processes9 the role of Bleaching powder is only in the last step
i1e1 for :isinfection of water1
-.periment
Aim8
To
To determine the
the dosage of leaching powder
powder re!uired
re!uired for sterilization or
disinfection of diEerent samples of water1
Re4$irements8
Burette9 titration Dask9 ;44ml graduated cylinder9 =<4ml measuring Dask9
Da sk9
weight o.9 glazed tile9 glass wool1
Bleaching Powder9
Powder9 Qlass wool9 41; ( (a =S=ON solutions9 ;4R )% solution9
diEerent samples of water9 starch solution1
Pre9Re4$isite Kno&ed%e8
;1 ' known mass of the gi7en sample of leaching powder is dissol7ed in
water to prepare a solution of known concentration1 This solution contains
dissol7ed chlorine9 lierated y the action of leaching powder with water1
water1
+aO+l=L&=4 +aAO&=L+l=
=1 The amount of +hlorine present in the ao7e solution is determined y
treating a known 7olume of the ao7e solution with e.cess
e.cess of ;4R
potassium iodide solution9 when e!ui7alent amount of %odine is lierated1
The %odine9 thus lierated is then estimated y titrating it against a standard
solution of Sodium thiosulphate9 using starch solution as indicator
in dicator11
+l=L=)% =)+lL%=
%=L=(a=S=ON (a=SIO>L=(a%
Proced$re8
;1 Preparation of leaching powder solution1 Weigh accurately =1<g of the
gi7en sample of leaching powder and transfer it to a =<4ml conical Dask1
'dd aout ;44#;<4ml of distilled water1 Stopper the Dask and shake it
7igorously1 The suspension thus otained is ltered through glass wool and
the ltrate is diluted with water Ain a measuring Dask to make the 7olume
=<4ml1 The solution otained is ;R leaching powder solution1
N1 Take ;44ml of the water sample in a =<4ml Stoppard conical Dask and
add it to ;4ml of leaching powder solution1 Then add =4ml of )% solution
and stopper the Dask1 Shake 7igorously and titrate against 41;( (a =S=ON
solution using starch solution as indicator as descried in step =1
I1 $epeat the step N with other samples of water and record the
oser7ations1
Res$t89
'mount of the gi7en sample of leaching powder re!uired to disinfect one
litre of water
Sample % g
Biliography
;1+alcium &ypochloride
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<1+hlorination of :rinking Water
Water
http5GGwww1water#research1netGwatertreatmentGchlorination1htm
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http5GGwww1fcs1uga1eduGpusGP:@G&'
http5GGwww1fcs1uga1eduGpusGP:@G&'+-#?<?#I1pdf
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