Enlightenment NPR Podcast notes:

NAMES REFERRED TO:

Christoph Willibald Glück (1714-87): Italian and Frenc opera composer, “simplicity”
of music to “serve the story”; truth, naturalness

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-78): French philosopher, and also composer; state of

Nature, equality

Voltaire (1694-1778): French philosopher (Candide), brotherhood of humanity

Jean-Philippe Rameau (1683-1764): Treatise on Harmony, natural laws of music

Pierre Beaumarchais (1732-99): Playwright, libretti for Mozart’s Marriage of Figaro,

Cosi fan tutte, Don Giovanni

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832): Playwright, poet, author; string quartet
as a civilized conversation among equals

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-91)

Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

ITEMS REFERRED TO:

“London” Symphonies: Last 12 symphonies by Haydn, written for London

performances; sometimes referred to as “Salomon” symphonies, for the impresario
who introduced him to London. The last of the last (104), is also called “London.”

Freemasonry: Secret society system, with quasi-mysterious origins, dedicated to

spreading Enlightenment ideals throughout Europe; necessary in environments in
which absolute authority rejected free thinking. Freemason lodges still exist! In
Athens and in Parkersburg!

IDEALS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT:

Reason, Liberty, Equality, Tolerance, Fraternity, Science, Civility, Social Contract

IDEAS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT:

Rise of the middle class/common class

The freelance musician