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Moment of Inertia - Composite Areas PDF
Moment of Inertia - Composite Areas PDF
Moment of Inertia
Composite Areas
Radius of Gyration
¢ This actually sounds like some sort of rule
for separation on a dance floor.
¢ It actually is just a property of a shape and
is used in the analysis of how some
shapes act in different conditions.
1
Radius of Gyration
¢ The radius of gyration, k, is the square root
of the ratio of the moment of inertia to the
area
Ix
kx =
A
Iy
ky =
A
JO Ix + Iy
kO = =
A A
3 Moment of Inertia - Composite Area Monday, November 26, 2012
I y = I y + Ax 2
I x = I x + Ay 2
4 Moment of Inertia - Composite Area Monday, November 26, 2012
2
Parallel Axis Theorem
¢ Since we usually use the bar over the
centroidal axis, the moment of inertia
about a centroidal axis also uses the bar
over the axis designation
I y = I y + Ax 2
I x = I x + Ay 2
5 Moment of Inertia - Composite Area Monday, November 26, 2012
I y = I y + Ax 2
I x = I x + Ay 2
6 Moment of Inertia - Composite Area Monday, November 26, 2012
3
Parallel Axis Theorem
¢ Ina manner similar to that which we used
to calculate the centroid of a figure by
breaking it up into component areas, we
can calculate the moment of inertia of a
composite area
I y = I y + Ax 2
I x = I x + Ay 2
7 Moment of Inertia - Composite Area Monday, November 26, 2012
I y = I y + Ax 2
I x = I x + Ay 2
8 Moment of Inertia - Composite Area Monday, November 26, 2012
4
I y = I y + Ax 2
Parallel Axis Theorem I x = I x + Ay 2
I y = I y + Ax 2
Parallel Axis Theorem I x = I x + Ay 2
¢ By example
¢ The Iy given for the Semicircular area in
the table is about the centroidal axis
¢ The Ix given for the same Semicircular
area in the table is not about the centroidal
axis
5
Using The Table
¢ Wewant to locate the moment of inertia in
the position shown of a semicircular area
as shown about the x and y axis, Ix and Iy
10"
¢ First,
we can look at the table and find the
Ix and Iy about the axis as shown
10"
6
Using the Table
¢ In
this problem, the y axis is 8” from the y
centroidal axis and x axis is 6” below the
base of the semicircle, this would be
usually evident from the problem
description
5"
y
8"
10"
6"
x
1
Iy = π r4
8 y
5"
1
I y = π ( 5in )
4
10"
8 x
I y = 245.44in 4
14 Moment of Inertia - Composite Area Monday, November 26, 2012
7
Using the Table
¢ Next we can calculate the area
π ( 5in )
2
A= y
5"
2
A = 39.27in 2 10"
x
I x = I x + Ad y 2 10" 2.12"
6in
8
Using the Table
¢ I
changed the notation for the distances
moved to avoid confusion with the
distance from the origin
5"
y
I y = I y + Ad x 2 8 in
I x = I x + Ad y 2 10" 2.12"
6in x
5"
y
I y = I y + Ad x 2 8 in
I x = I x + Ad y 2 10" 2.12"
6in
9
Using the Table
¢ If
the y axis is 8 inches to the left of the
centroidal axis, then the moment of inertia
about the y axis would be
I y = I y + Ad x2 y
5"
10"
I y = 2758.72in 4 2.12"
6in
x
10" 2.12"
6in
10
Using the Table
¢ Tomove it to the moment of inertia about
the x-axis, we have to make two steps
5"
I x = I x + A ( d centroid to x-axis )
2 10" 2.12"
6in
x
I x = I x + A ( d centroid to x-axis )
2
5"
y
8 in
10" 2.12"
6in
x
22 Moment of Inertia - Composite Area Monday, November 26, 2012
11
Using the Table
¢ Don’ttry and cut corners here
¢ You have to move to the centroid first
I x = I x + A ( d centroid to x-axis )
2
5"
y
8 in
10" 2.12"
6in
x
y= =
the object, not the x-axis.
3π 3π 5"
y
y = 2.12in 8 in
10" 2.12"
6in
12
Using the Table
¢ Now the Ix in the table is given about the
bottom of the semicircle, not the centroidal
axis
¢ That is where the x axis is shown in the
table
5"
y
8 in
10" 2.12"
6in
x
x
I base = 245.44in 4
13
Using the Table
¢ Now we can calculate the moment of
inertia about the x centroidal axis
I base = I x + Ad base
2
to centroid
I x = I base − Ad base
2
to centroid
10" 2.12"
6in
x
I x = I x + Ad centroid
2
to x-axis
5"
I x = 2657.84in 4 y
8 in
10" 2.12"
6in
14
Using the Table
¢ Thepolar moment of inertia about the
origin would be
JO = I x + I y
J O = 2657.84in 4 + 2758.72in 4
J O = 5416.56in 4 y
5"
8 in
10" 2.12"
6in
x
Another Example
15
Another Example
y 6" 3"
6"
x
6"
Another Example
¢ Wecan divide up the area into smaller
areas with shapes from the table
y 6" 3"
6" I
II
x
III
6"
16
Another Example
Since the parallel axis theorem will require the area for
each section, that is a reasonable place to start
y 6" 3"
ID Area
(in2)
I 36 6" I
II 9
II
III 27 x
III
6"
Another Example
We can locate the centroid of each area with respect
the y axis.
y 6" 3"
ID Area xbari
(in2) (in)
I 36 3 6" I
II 9 7 II
x
III 27 6 III
6"
17
Another Example
From the table in the back of the book we find that the
moment of inertia of a rectangle about its y-centroid
1 axis is
yI = bh 3
y 6" 3"
12
ID Area xbari
6" I
II
(in2) (in) x
III
I 36 3 6"
II 9 7
III 27 6
35 Moment of Inertia - Composite Area Monday, November 26, 2012
Another Example
In this example, for Area I, b=6” and h=6”
1
( )( )
3
Iy = 6in 6in
12
y 6" 3"
I y = 108in 4
ID Area xbari
6" I
II
(in2) (in) x
III
I 36 3 6"
II 9 7
III 27 6
36 Moment of Inertia - Composite Area Monday, November 26, 2012
18
Another Example
y 6" 3"
6" I
II
x
III
6"
Another Example
The way it is presented in the text, we can only find
the Ix about the centroid
y 6" 3"
h I
x 6"
II
x
III
b 6"
19
Another Example
The change may not seem obvious but it is
just in how we orient our axis. Remember an
axis is our decision.
h
x
y 6" 3"
b
x 6" I
II
x
b III
6"
Another Example
So the moment of inertia of the II triangle can
be calculated using the formula with the
correct orientation.
1 3
Iy = bh y 6" 3"
36
1
I y = ( 6in )( 3in )
3
6" I
36 II
x
I y = 4.5in 4 III
6"
20
Another Example
The same is true for the III triangle
1 3
Iy = bh y 6" 3"
36
1
I y = ( 6in )( 9in )
3
6" I
36 II
x
I y = 121.5in 4 III
6"
Another Example
Now we can enter the Iybar for each sub-area into the
table
Sub- y 6" 3"
Area Area xbari Iybar
(in2) (in) (in4)
6" I
I 36 3 108
II
II 9 7 4.5 x
III
III 27 6 121.5 6"
21
Another Example
We can then sum the Iy and the A(dx)2 to get
the moment of inertia for eachy sub-area
6" 3"
6" I
II
x
III
6"
Sub- Iybar +
Area Area xbari Iybar A(dx)2 A(dx)2
(in2) (in) (in4) (in4) (in4)
I 36 3 108 324 432
II 9 7 4.5 441 445.5
III 27 6 121.5 972 1093.5
Another Example
And if we sum that last column, we have the
Iy for the composite figure
y 6" 3"
6" I
II
x
III
6"
Sub- Iybar +
Area Area xbari Iybar A(dx)2 A(dx)2
(in2) (in) (in4) (in4) (in4)
I 36 3 108 324 432
II 9 7 4.5 441 445.5
III 27 6 121.5 972 1093.5
1971
44 Moment of Inertia - Composite Area Monday, November 26, 2012
22
Another Example
We perform the same type analysis for the Ix
y 6" 3"
6" I
II
ID Area III
x
6"
(in2)
I 36
II 9
III 27
Another Example
Locating the y-centroids from the x-axis
y 6" 3"
6" I
Sub-Area Area ybari II
x
III
(in2) (in) 6"
I 36 3
II 9 2
III 27 -2
23
Another Example
Determining the Ix for each sub-area
y 6" 3"
6" I
II
Sub-Area Area ybari Ixbar III
x
6"
Another Example
Making the A(dy)2 multiplications
y 6" 3"
6" I
Sub- II
x
III
Area Area ybari Ixbar A(dy)2 6"
II 9 2 18 36
III 27 -2 54 108
24
Another Example
Summing and calculating Ix
y 6" 3"
648
Homework
25