Pornography Consumption Among Teenagers: Its Causes, Effects, and Possible Preventive Measures

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN MALVAR
B A T A N G A S
PORNOGRAPHY CONSUMPTION
AMONG TEENAGERS: ITS CAUSES, EFFECTS,
AND POSSIBLE PREVENTIVE MEASURES
A Research Study
presented to
The Faculty of the
Malvar, Batangas
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Subject Practical Research I
STEM Strand
By:
Burgos, George William A.
Conte, Maylee Bless C.
De Torres, Keycelyn M.
Dipasupil, Rico R.
Montecer, Mark Vincent M.
Roma, Mark Angelo I.
Torres, Aurbey V.
March 2019
B A T A N G A S
APPROVAL SHEET
This research study entitled “PORNOGRAPHY CONSUMPTION AMONG
TEENAGERS: ITS CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND POSSIBLE PREVENTIVE
MEASURES”, prepared and submitted by Burgos, George A., Conte, Maylee Bless C.,
De Torres, Keycelyn M., Dipasupil, Rico R., Montecer, Mark Vincent, Roma, Mark
Angelo I., and Torres, Aurbey V. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
subject Practical Research I has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and
approval for Oral Examination.
MARVIN M. SALUDO, M.E.M.

Adviser
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of_________
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Panelist
Panelist Panelist
Date of Oral Examination: _____________
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Practical
Research I.
JHOMAR C. SOR ED. D.

Principal II
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers wish to extend their grateful appreciation and deepest gratitude
to the following who contributed much in the success of this project study.
Above all, to our ALMIGHTY GOD, for guiding and inspiring the researchers
to complete this study and for giving those people who helped in making this work a
reality.
To Mr. Marvin M. Saludo, for guiding us in completing this undertaking, and
inspiring us to work better;
To _________________, one of our panelists for his support and assistance for
the improvement of this research study;
To _________________, one of our panelists for her comments and suggestions
in completing this research;
To their parents, for giving them moral and financial support to make this
research study a reality;
To the participants of the study, for giving them their time and effort to answer
interview questions that further this research study;
And lastly, to their friends, for their support and encouragement towards the
completion of this research study.
The Researchers
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DEDICATION
We wish to express our sincere appreciation to our
Principal Jhomar C. Sor Ed. D., our thesis adviser Mr. Marvin Saludo,
for their keen and endless guidance,
encouragement, critics, and inspiration ‘till the success and
completion of this study.
To our Almighty God…
for the source of strength and wisdom
To our family…
Burgos, Conte, De Torres, Dipasupil, Montecer, Roma and Torres Family,
For letting their children come home late to finish this study
We wish to express here, our sincere appreciation and thanks to all teachers,
fellow friends, and participants of this study that had directly
and indirectly helped us throughout this research study.
Researchers
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THESIS ABSTRACT
Title : PORNOGRAPHY CONSUMPTION AMONG

TEENAGERS: ITS CAUSES, EFFECTS, AND
POSSIBLE PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Researchers : Burgos George A.
Conte Maylee Bless
Dipasupil, Rico R.
Torres, Aurbey V.
Track/Strand : Academic Track, Science Technology Engineering and
Mathematics
Grade : 11
Adviser : Marvin M. Saludo, M.E.M.
Institution : SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN MALVAR
Summary
This study aimed to investigate the causes, effects and possible ways to avoid,
decrease, and eventually eliminate pornography consumption among teenagers.
Specifically, this study answered these research questions: (1) why do teenagers
consume online pornography, (2) what are the effects of online pornography
consumption among teenagers, and (3) what are the possible ways to avoid, decrease,
and eventually eliminate online pornography consumption.
This study is qualitative and phenomenological in nature. The subjects of this
study are teenagers enrolled in Senior High School in Malvar that consumes
pornography for at least three times a week. Semi-structured interview guide was the
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research instrument used to gather data. Subsequently, it used the thematic analysis as its
data analysis method as this is perfect for this type of study.
After the data had been collected, analyzed, and interpreted, results showed up.
Based on the interpretations, the researchers found out that teenagers consume online
pornography due to two (2) main reasons: (1) peer pressure and (2) to experience
pleasure. Furthermore, the researchers also found out that the effects of pornography
consumption to teenagers are these three (3) themes: (1) change of view towards a
certain gender, (2) increase in sexual drive, and (3) familiarization of their own
sexuality.
To serve as output for this research study, the researchers formulated ways to avoid,
decrease, and eventually eliminate pornography consumption. The researchers provided
four (4) ways and these were as follows: (1) do more leisure activities that is not
pornography related, (2) block pornographic sites from frequently used devices, (3)
commit to a serious relationship, and (4) monitor and diminish bad peers.
The researchers provided recommendations for improvement of the current
system in terms of pornography consumption among teenagers. First is to supervise and
communicate to teenagers about the peers they bond with and their use of gadgets.
Second is for the Department of Education to hasten the implementation of sexuality
education. Lastly, more study is needed especially to the said ways to avoid, decrease,
and eventually eliminate pornography consumption.
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table
1 Reasons Why Teenagers Consume
Online Pornography ...................................................................................... 27
2 Effects of Online Pornography Consumption among
Teenagers ...................................................................................................... 31
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 Research Paradigm........................................................................................ 17
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................ i
APPROVAL SHEET ................................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................... iii
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................. iv
THESIS ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... vii
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................x
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER
I THE PROBLEM
Introduction ...........................................................................1
Statement of the Problem ......................................................4
Scope and Delimitation .........................................................4
Significance of the Study ......................................................5
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Conceptual Literature ............................................................8
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Research Literature..............................................................11
Synthesis ..............................................................................14
Conceptual Framework .......................................................16
Research Paradigm ..............................................................17
Definition of Terms .............................................................17
III METHODOLOGY
Research Design ..................................................................19
Subjects of the Study ...........................................................20
Research Instrument ............................................................20
Data Gathering Procedure ...................................................21
Data Analysis Method .........................................................23
IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
OF DATA
Reasons Why Teenagers Consume
Online Pornography ................................................................... 25
Effects of Online Pornography Consumption Among
Teenagers.............................................................................29
Possible Ways to Avoid, Decrease, and Eventually
Eliminate Online Pornography Consumption .....................33
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V SUMMARY, FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary .............................................................................37
Findings ...............................................................................37
Conclusions .........................................................................39
Recommendations ...............................................................39
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE
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Chapter I
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Modern living heavily relies on technology. Technology is the manifestation of
humankind’s brilliance and ingenuity by applying the knowledge that was harvested from
past experimentations, observations, and “eureka” moments that helped humanity to come
to where they are today. Technology is beneficial because it helps humanity do things
easily, effectively, and efficiently. Furthermore, technology brings possibilities to things
that were once thought impossible such as flight, media, medicine, telecommunications
and many more.
One of the mighty products of technology is computers and these includes smart
phones and tablets. These technologies are responsible for bridging information towards
the world because of its accessibility and an intuitive design that makes it easy to
understand and use. In addition, personal computers, smart phones and tablets present
digital media art to people such as videos, photos, and digital designs that were once
inaccessible in a softcopy due to technological constraints.
Connectivity of the computer technologies would not be possible if the internet was
never invented. Internet is the main cause of the current standards in the world today and
the one responsible for the way people exchange information. Moreover, the freedom and
openness of the internet give its users a platform wherein the power is immense but the
responsibilities are less. With that comes the problem of easy and free access to
inappropriate content by inappropriate people.
Pornography Consumption among Teenagers: Its Causes, Effects, and Possible Preventive Measures
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One of the inappropriate content in the internet is pornography. Pornography is any
material (e.g. images, video files, magazines etc.) that depicts sexual acts, which sexually
excite the viewer. Thus, online pornographic videos are clips in the internet that shows
erotic actions. The main problem with online pornographic videos is that it also exhibits
violence, sadism, submissive-dominant type of relationship, and other sexual and physical
abuse. This creates risk of exposure to the users of the internet especially teenagers that
are considered as the most common user of this platform. Consequently, this creates the
problem regarding internet contents that is affecting the users, especially teenagers,
adversely.
Sexual identity and sexuality are both necessary ideas that individuals must study
and assess for themselves. “However, pornography is a poor sex educator. Most
pornography is too explicit for younger children; most shows sex in unrealistic ways and
neglects intimacy and romance; most pornography is sexist” (Flood, 2009 p. 394). Apart
from that is the fact that pornography affects the individuals themselves. “Men who
viewed pornography, particularly rape and sadomasochistic pornography, report a greater
likelihood of raping, committing sexual assault, higher rape myth acceptance, lower
willingness to intervene in a sexual assault situation, and lower efficacy to intervene in a
sexual assault situation” (Froubert, Brosi, Bannon, 2011 p. 225). Furthermore, based on
the paper published by Bernarte, Estella, Nucon, and Villatema (2016), online
pornography viewing causes dishonesties between couple, which leads to disloyal
connections between them. These evidences from different papers suggest the negative
impacts of pornography to people.
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There are currently no law that are being implemented to limit the view of
pornography. The only law in the current Philippine justice system about pornography is
the Republic Act No. 9775 or the “Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009” which only
punishes those individuals that possess and create pornographic material that has children
as its subject. This law only covers some aspects of pornography and leaves other aspects
for the individual to guess if it is right or wrong. Therefore, this creates an ethical problem
in which the inaction of the people and organization around teenagers about pornography
may lead the said teenagers to the effects that other studies have found and the effects that
this study will uncover.
The jurisdiction on the internet usage of people depends on the authority they
acknowledge. For teenagers, that authority is their parents. According to Anderson (2016),
in terms of supervision about the information and communication technology (ICT) that
teenagers with the age of 13-17 years old use, parents tend to have a manual approach
instead of letting technology supervise the usage of ICT. This means that parents are
hands-on in supervision, which creates discrepancy when the parents are not around (e.g.
in school, and community) leading to exposure to unsuitable content. Compare that to
using website blockers that blocks inappropriate websites for teenagers that works even
when the parents are not looking.
The researchers feel that this is a major problem in the today’s modern age because
the internet is very widespread and influential. Even minute but bad effects of
pornography viewing will still play a big role in the future for the developing and delicate
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minds and personalities of teenagers. Moreover, the researchers, through this study, want
to create awareness to the parents about the right internet guidance and supervision. With
all of that, the researchers are encouraged to study the effects of pornography viewing to
teenagers.
Statement of the Problem
This study deals with the causes of online pornography addiction as well as its social,
emotional, and behavioral effects to teenagers in Malvar, Batangas. Moreover, this study
aims to generate and suggest ways for teenagers who are pornography addict to do away
with this bad habit.
Specifically, this research targets to answer the following research questions:
1. Why do teenagers watch online pornography?
2. What are the effects of online pornography addiction to teenagers?
3. What are the possible ways to avoid, decrease, and eventually eliminate, to
online pornography addiction?
Scope and Delimitations
This research study aims to know the causes of pornography addiction among
teenagers in this modern age wherein access to online pornographic material is freer than
ever. Additionally, this study targets to see the effects of online pornography to teenagers.
Lastly, this research wants to provide a method of avoiding and quitting for those
individuals who wants to lessen or quit the viewing of pornographic materials.
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The subjects in this research are six (6) participants from the teenager age group (13-
19 years old) who regularly watch pornographic materials for at least three times a week
from the internet. Furthermore, they must be a Filipino and a resident in Malvar, Batangas.
The answers of the participants were evaluated and interpreted by the researchers.
Moreover, the responses were filtered to uncover only the necessary information to find
the causes of watching online pornography and the effects of pornographic exposure to
the personality of the participants. Finally, the researchers provided ways to lessen or
eliminate the habit of online pornography viewing among teenagers.
This study did not employ the said ways to lessen and eliminate the habit of online
pornography viewing to the participants. The researchers only theorized the mentioned
ways based on the answers of the participants and it is not a verified approach to
pornography consumption. This is to provide a stepping-stone for future researchers that
are interested to the concept of lessening and/or eliminating the habit of online
pornography.
Significance of the Study
This study aims to explore the causes of watching pornography and its effects to the
personality of teenagers thus this research is beneficial to the Philippine Government, the
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), the National Youth
Commission (NYC), the Council for Welfare of Children (CWC), the Department of
Education (DepEd), school administrations, parents, teenagers, and future researchers.
This research will help the Philippine Government and the identity of the Philippines
to the world because this study aims to understand the causes of watching pornography.
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By understanding the causes of this online pornography phenomena, the Philippine
Government will be better equipped to provide ordinances and laws that not only consider
the well-being of the Philippines as a nation but also the Filipinos. In addition, by
understanding the effects of watching pornography to teenagers, the current
administration will have a better understanding in the psychology of the youth they are
protecting.
This study will help the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD),
National Youth Commission (NYC) and Council for Welfare of Children (CWC) to better
guide the teenagers and understand the way they live in today’s modern age. By
understanding their way of thinking, these institutions will be more prepared for the
formulation, evaluation and implementation of policies and laws to protect and guide the
youth.
This research study will help the Department of Education (DepEd) to know the
possible causes of some behaviors in the school area since the subjects in this study are
teenagers. Furthermore, this study may lead to formulation of subjects about sexuality,
sexual identity, love and behavior that will benefit the teenagers that are in the K-12
curriculum.
This research will help school administrations to have a deeper understanding of
their students (teenagers, the subject of this research) about their behaviors and the
possible correlation of the said behaviors to watching pornography. This will lead to
proper disciplinary actions and guidance that will help not only the students but also the
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environment inside the school making it a more appropriate abode of knowledge and self-
actualization.
This study will help parents to understand the psychology of teenagers.
Furthermore, this study will shed light to the lack of responsibility of parents about the
internet usage of their children. Knowing that, this study will lead to better online
guidance and supervision that will properly educate young minds about the right internet
usage.
This study will help teenagers to understand and better assess themselves about
their intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships. In addition, this qualitative research
will provide possible ways that may lessen or eliminate the habit of watching pornography
that affects their attitude and behavior.
This study will help future researchers that is about to tackle the same problem. This
will provide contextualized knowledge and will answer questions that are on a personal
level. This study also creates more research questions that will feed humankind’s hunger
for knowledge and their ever-growing curiosity that will eventually by investigated by
future researchers.
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Chapter II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter presents the literatures that are reviewed by the researchers that further
the current undertaking. The information garnered will serve as guide for the researchers
to understand the topic more by exploring the facts and data that are presented by past
texts. In addition, this chapter also includes the comparison of this study to the said
literatures that the researchers are reviewing, the framework that shows how this study
will be completed, and the definitions of terms that are necessary in this current study.
Conceptual Literature
The following literatures that came from books, newspapers, published works and
other sources served as guide for the researchers to better comprehend topic and develop
a study that will describe a phenomenon in the society.
“Today, the Internet plays an important role in the lives of young people especially
for pupils and students, who are still forming. Many studies show the advantages and
disadvantages of using the Internet in education. Capabilities of the Internet and its use in
education is increasing daily. From its original base, which included military and research
institutions spread to universities, primary and secondary schools. Internet is not a school
in the usual sense, but it takes on a major part of the business, which has so far dealt
regardless of age.” (Iskrenovic-Momcilovic, 2015).
Although the Internet has been a platform for distribution of information to vast
viewers, some contents in it are unsuitable for some age groups. These contents includes
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pornography, violence, extremist behavior and many more (“Inappropriate Content,”
2017).
Pornography branches out into two: pornography production and pornography
consumption. Pornography production refers to the creation of platforms that is
specifically built for pornography consumption. On the other hand, pornography
consumption refers to the use of the said platforms that have sexual content to prompt
stimulation or even orgasm (Bradley, 2015).
The World Health Organization (2006) identified sexuality as: “… a central aspect of
being human throughout life encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual
orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy and reproduction. Sexuality is experienced and
expressed in thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviours, practices,
roles and relationships. While sexuality can include all of these dimensions, not all of
them are always experienced or expressed. Sexuality is influenced by the interaction of
biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, legal, historical, religious
and spiritual factors.” The expression of sexuality is very vulnerable in the adolescent’s
stage of an individual.
Adolescents’ sexuality begins with physical changes happening as they transition
from childhood to adulthood. By this stage, adolescents’ minds begin to wander sexually
with physical investigations are being done occasionally. Furthermore, this is also the
stage where teenagers try to create warm relationships with partners (Tulloch and
Kaufman, 2013).
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Most teenagers are exposed to internet pornography and are consuming pornography.
This may stem from the fact that they are in the stage wherein they experiment and start
to learn about sexuality. However, pornography is not an educational tool about sexuality.
“The organizing principle of pornographic communication [pornography production and
pornography consumption] takes as its telos, its final and ultimate end that remains
structural even if it isn’t realized (fully) in any particular act of consuming pornography,
the arousal and ultimately the orgasm of the viewer. No producer of pornography would
for a moment protest otherwise. Indeed, every ‘directorial’ decision made in the
production of pornographic material aims precisely at the arrangement of any and all
elements of the product so as to result in a stimulus that will arouse the viewer sexually.
That and nothing else is the ‘point’ of pornography, which under this definition properly
includes literature and other non-visual representational imagery meant to induce sexual
arousal.” (Bradley, 2015).
Pornography is prevalent in today’s modern age especially to teenagers. They are
even born on the age of high-speed internet. However, teenage years are also the years
that an individual is very vulnerable to pornography and eventually pornography
addiction. Like any other addiction, this will start with exposure. After that, excessive
consumption of pornography will trigger the build-up in dopamine, activating the reward
circuit of the brain and will eventually lead to brain changes that branch out into three
stages: numbed pleasure response, hyper-reactivity towards pornography, and willpower
erosion. Numbed pleasure response happens when everyday pleasure does not satisfy a
pornography addict. Next is hyper-reactivity to pornography, which is characterized when
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an individual finds everything, but pornography, boring. Lastly is willpower erosion,
which is when an individual experiences many mental and emotional health issues arising
from the deterioration of drive and determination. Teenagers are the most vulnerable to
these stages because teenage years is when individuals are at their peak at dopamine
production and neuroplasticity. Furthermore, teenage years are also the time when
individuals strengthen their constantly used neural pathways and lose the least used ones.
This is problematic when teenagers are exposed to extreme pornography and pornography
that does not align with their current sexual orientation (Wilson, 2012).
Research Literature
The following related studies helped the researchers to fully analyze and
understand the topic as well as guide them in the current undertaking.
The causes and factors that promote pornography consumption are topics that greatly
need further research due to many implications it will provide to lessen or eliminate
pornography consumption, or provide a better education system that will teach early
adolescents about sexuality and sexual identity. The studies of Mardhatillah and Kita dan
Buah Hati (2017), Chowdhury R., Chowdhury M., Kabir, Perera and Kader (2018),
Martin, Infante and Monsale (2014), and Beyens, Vandenbosch and Eggermont (2015)
provided explanations about the possible causes of pornography consumption and
addiction among secondary and tertiary students in general.
According to the study conducted by Mardhatillah and Kita dan Buah Hati (2017) on
junior and senior high school students, age and gender play big roles in the chances of
being addicted to pornography. The study concluded that the men tends to be more
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addicted towards pornography. Moreover, the older the age is, the higher the risk will be
for pornography addiction. Age is also one of the factors that the study of Beyens et al.
(2015) determined. Their research concluded that boys that are in the advanced pubertal
stage are more likely to consume pornography. On the other hand, the gender factor, which
was established by Mardhatillah and Kita dan Buah Hati (2017), is in agreement with the
study of Chowdhury R. et al. (2018) that also deduced that men are more likely to consume
pornography than women are. The study also expounded that pornography consumption
was higher among students who go to bed late and have more time that is influential (e.g.
late night gatherings, fooling around, and many more) with friends and peers. This is,
again, in agreement with the study of Martin et al. (2014), which concluded that
pornography consumption is caused by peer pressure as well as curiosity and ignorance.
For the past years, issues and complaints about the decreasing morality of
individuals due to internet pornography consumption becomes rampant in an alarming
rate. Societal issues such as early pregnancy, increasing rape cases, violence, negative
behaviors, attitudes and effects comes with it. Researches have been conducted all over
the world to examine and determine its effects towards an individual.
Negative effects of internet pornography consumption had been documented with
the studies of Maas (2010), Martin et al. (2014), Beyens et al. (2015), and Willburn (2016).
The subjects in each studies vary in age and gender. The study of Maas (2010) had male
students from tertiary education as subjects while Martin et al. (2014) and Beyens et al.
(2015) examined both sexes of high school students and male high school students,
respectively. On the other hand, Willburn (2016) observed individuals from families. All
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of the said research study show negative effects, in terms of interpersonal relationships
and communication, and academic performance, to the participants of each studies.
In contrary, studies conducted by Hassel (2016), McCormack and Wignall (2015),
and Seidel (2012) shows positive views and effects of internet pornography consumption
in each of their participants. The subjects in each studies also vary in age and gender. The
study of Hassel (2016), and McCormack and Wignall (2015) examined both sexes of
college students and male college students, respectively. On the other hand, Seidel (2012)
investigated young adults (18-35 years old) of both sexes. Their findings summarizes to
pornography having no adverse effects on the participants and it having benefits in terms
of sexually related concepts.
According to the study of Maas (2010) and Martin et al. (2014), online
pornography has negative effects on the interpersonal relationships and communications
of students. Online pornography users are malevolent and are more positive about sexual
assaults, frequent change in partners, and has bad attitudes towards women than those
non-pornography users. However, the study of Hassel (2016) concluded otherwise. Her
study shows that students who watch non-violent pornography does not show misbehavior
and they established that pornography has no major hostile effect. The study of Hassel
(2016) demonstrates that not all pornography produce unwanted behavior, rather, only
sadistic pornography does. This conclusion is in consonance with the study of
McCormack and Wignall (2015) as they infer that pornography use for leisure activity has
no adverse effects.
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In terms of educational consequences of pornography, the study of Beyens et al.
(2015) demonstrated the inverse relationship of pornography use and academic
performance. Their study showed that an increase in pornography usage results into a
decrease in academic performance within six months. Nevertheless, the study of
McCormack and Wignall (2015) showed educational benefits of pornography use,
relating to sexual identities and sexual orientations, to students. Furthermore, other
participants in their study even use pornography to discover their own sexuality without
committing to any acts (e.g. sexual intercourse) that will serve the same purpose.
To develop the understanding of the topic further, the researcher dove deeper into
the effects of pornography use to families and young adults. According to the study of
Wilburn (2016), negative attitudes, such as developing outside family relationships, rose
from pornographic addiction. This is in contrast to the findings of Seidel (2012) wherein
the study shows that unhealthy sexual behavior is not an effect of pornography
consumption, but is actually a precursor. This means that individuals that demonstrates
unhealthy sexual behavior tend to consume pornography and not the other way around.
Synthesis
This section tackles the comparisons of different studies to the present undertaking.
Furthermore, this section also explores on how this current study is not a replication of
other studies.
The study of Mardhatillah and Kita dan Buah Hati (2017) and Chowdhury R. et al.
(2018) wants to know the causes of pornography consumption of Indonesian high school
students and Bangladeshi college undergraduates, respectively. This is the same with the
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current undertaking as it aims to explore the causes of pornography consumption in
adolescents. However, the current research study also wants to explore the effects of
pornography consumption and/or addiction. Furthermore, the current study also wants to
suggest ways of avoidance and elimination towards adolescents that wants to stop
pornography consumption.
The study of Maas (2010), Hassel (2016), Seidel (2012), McCormack and Wignall
(2015), and Willburn (2016) focuses on the influences of pornography towards attitudes
and behaviors in general. The subjects in the study are in the late adolescents up to young
adulthood (18-35 years old). This is partially the same with the current qualitative study
because it aims to explore the effects of internet pornography consumption; in contrast,
the current study also wants to examine the effects of internet pornography consumption,
but now, to early and middle adolescents (13-18 years old). In addition, the current study
also wants to explore the causes of internet pornography consumption and to give
implications that will lead to avoidance and elimination of pornography consumption.
The study of Martin (2014) and Beyens et al. (2015) examined both the roots of
pornography consumption as well as its influence towards adolescents in secondary
education. This is identical to the present undertaking, which also aims to explore the
causes and effects of pornography consumption; however, this current study also wants
to provide proposals for the purpose of avoidance and elimination of the pornography
consumption.
According to the evidences stated, the current study is in no way, shape, or form, a
complete replication of the reviewed literature.
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Conceptual Framework
This section aims to describe the concept/s used in the current undertaking. In
addition, this section also shows the research paradigm that is used, which elaborates how
data will be collected, processed, and will be used to formulate a desired output.
Sexuality refers to the ability of a person to have sexual feelings towards others.
This aspect is necessary in the human nature and everyone must know how to express it
properly. The way people express their sexuality is stained with pornography exposure
that may lead to pornography addiction. Pornography addiction refers to the practice
wherein individuals will always seek sexual arousal and pleasure from a pornographic
material, which starts to affect their behavior towards themselves and others. Changes in
perspective towards sexuality due to pornography addiction harms the well-being of
individuals especially the ones that encounters development to their overall personality,
the teenagers.
In order to understand how the study was conducted, the researchers made use of the
Input-Process-Output (IPO) model to describe the flow of the undertaking as shown in
Figure 1.
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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
 Teenagers who
watch
Implications that
pornography at Thematic
will lead to
least three times analysis of the
avoidance and
a week responses on an
elimination of
unstructured
online
interview
 Interview pornography
transcript
Figure 1. Research Paradigm
The first box corresponds to the inputs of the study. Specifically, it represents the
responses of the participants of the study who are teenagers who watch pornography at
least three times a week. Their responses, which are recorded in an interview transcript,
are significant because it is the basis for the entire undertaking.
Subsequently, the second box refers to the process that is used in the present
undertaking. A thematic analysis of the teenagers’ responses to the semi-structured
interview conducted by the researchers was used.
Lastly, the third box refers to the desired output of the study. In this study, the desired
output of the researchers are ways to lessen or eliminate online pornography addiction
among teenagers.
Definition of Terms
In giving direction to the course of the current undertaking, unfamiliar words or terms
were encountered. To understand the study, the researchers defined these terms according
to their conceptual use and contextual application, which are follows:
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18
Internet Pornography. According to Rouse (2012), it is sexually explicit content
made available online in various formats including images, video files, and video games
and streaming video. However, Internet porn is unquestionably problematic, a trade
publication that tracks the adult video industry, porn sites receive more hits during
business hours than at other times of the day. In this study, it pertains to online materials
that aims to arouse its viewers.
Pornography. According to Brenner (2016), it is relationship in ways reported as
being predominantly positive and mutual, and some sexual behaviors outside of
relationships may help stabilize some relationships under certain circumstances. In this
study, it refers to materials (e.g. videos, photos, magazines, books) that allow sexual
arousal to the viewers.
Pornography Addiction. According to Parker (2018), it is something that will
often be kid about but is ultimately a behavior that can seriously damage relationships and
take precedence over more important functions and responsibilities in your life. In this
study, it pertains to the habit of watching pornographic materials without thinking about
its consequences.
B A T A N G A S
Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, subjects of the study, research instrument,
data gathering procedures and the data analysis method used to further the cause of the
current undertaking.
Research Design
This section aims to present the type of research design used in the current
undertaking. This is beneficial to the study because it enhances the study to create optimal
results.
This research study, which aims to know the causes and effects of pornography
addiction among teenagers of Malvar, Batangas uses a qualitative-phenomenological
research design. The researchers feel that this research design will give them the best
results to explain everyday occurrences happening in the current society.
Qualitative methods are used to answer questions about experience, meaning and
perspective, most often from the standpoint of the participant (Hammarberg, Kirkman,
and de Lacey). Furthermore, qualitative research is used to comprehend real-life
incidences with an individual or groups and cultures as accurately as possible; therefore,
the research is done in their natural setting (McLeod, 2017). People’s perception about
the world or phenomena, just like the topic of this current study, is a non-numeric data. It
is easier and best that the researchers use a qualitative method because it allows them form
explanations without the need for incorporating numbers to people’s perception, which is
very hard in the first place.
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20
There are many types of qualitative study but for this current undertaking, a
phenomenological approach is used. Phenomenology is an approach to qualitative
research that focuses on the commonality of a lived experience within a particular group
(Chamber, 2013). The topic of the research, which is addiction towards pornography
among teenagers, aligns with the purpose of the phenomenological approach, prompting
it to be the most appropriate for the study.
Subjects of the Study
This section presents the subjects of the study, the techniques used to acquire the
subjects, and the criteria that the researchers used to help further the current undertaking.
The subjects of this study are six (6) teenagers enrolled in Senior High School in
Malvar, which the researchers believed to consume pornography and who provided them
with empirical data that furthered the current undertaking. The subjects were chosen using
the non-probability, purposive sampling technique, which allows the researchers to set a
certain criteria and choose participants that met the said criteria.
The researchers made sure that the participants of the study are the following: a.) a
resident of Malvar, Batangas; b.) an individual who is 13 to 19 years old; c.) consumes
pornography at least 5 times a week. These criteria will guide the researchers to choose
participants that will help them create the purpose of this research.
Research Instrument
This part presents the instruments used by the researchers to gather data from the
subjects in the current undertaking, the reasons for choosing the said instruments, and the
processes it undergone before being used by the researchers.
B A T A N G A S
21
The researchers gathered information from their subjects with the use of semi-
structured interview guide. Follow up questions were also used to expand the responses
from the participants making it more information-rich and thoughtful. Lastly, each
interview lasted about 5-10 minutes depending on the responses of the participants.
Interviews are more appropriate for this kind of studies because it allows the
participants to explain their thoughts and perception more clearly and precise rather than
just choosing from a set of choices. Moreover, the interviews are also unstructured to
provide more freedom for the responses of the participants. This also creates a positive
atmosphere for both participant and interviewer, which in turn, benefits them.
The interview questions were created by the researchers themselves before giving
it to their research instructor for revisions to make sure that the interview questions are
related or aligned with the research questions. This is crucial because unnecessary
interview questions will only burn time not only for the interviewer but also for the
participants.
Data Gathering Procedure
This part discusses the systematic procedures done by the researchers to gather data
from the participants of the study. This includes the identification of participants,
scheduling of interviews, procedures in the interview proper, and other events that
occurred when the gathering of data is undergoing.
In gathering the participants of the study, the researchers used the snowballing
sampling method. This is characterized by having the already contacted participant recruit
more participants, thus creating a more diverse group of participants over time.
B A T A N G A S
22
Furthermore, purposive sampling was also used. This is when the researchers set criteria
to sample the population, leaving only those qualified individuals that the researchers
believe to have essential knowledge about the topic.
After meeting the criteria made by the researchers, six (6) qualified individuals
were chosen. All participants were contacted and messaged through an online messaging
app with the follow-up details about the research and the interview particulars. Individuals
who are not of legal age were sought for parental consent. After setting interview, which
was conducted on different time and dates, in respect to the availability of the participants,
the interview was set. Though the interview was conducted without the presence of the
guardians, confidentiality was ensured by the researchers.
The interview took place where they felt comfortable on their surroundings for
them to speak freely and more openly as the research topic was seen by the participants
as a private matter. Open-ended questions were used to allow the participants to express
their feelings and thoughts about the topic, especially that the matter being discussed was
a sensitive issue. Moreover, interviewers also asked additional and follow up questions in
response to the answer of the participants that are seen as significant to the current
undertaking. For the language, the interviewers used Filipino, as it is the language that the
participants are fond of using.
Establishing confidence and rapport between the interviewer and the participants
are also necessary. The interviewing team was composed of three individuals with a
recorder to help them conduct the interviews. The recorded interviews were fully
B A T A N G A S
23
transcribed verbatim and after all the interviews were completed, the researchers prepared
the transcripts of the interviews.
Data Analysis Method
This section presents the method of analyzing the data that was gathered by the
researchers. Additionally, this section also discusses the definition of the method, the
reasons on why the said method is appropriate for the current undertaking, and the specific
procedures done for data analysis.
This study used the thematic method for the analysis of the responses from the
participants. Thematic analysis is an apt qualitative method that can be used when working
in research teams and analyzing large qualitative data sets (Nowell, Norris, White, and
Moules, 2017). Furthermore, thematic analysis is a tool in finding themes or patterns from
seemingly unrelated ideas (Komori, n.d.).
This data analysis method is suitable for the current undertaking because this study
deals with responses from the subjects through the interview transcript. Additionally,
thematic analysis is a great tool for finding a common theme or pattern from the variation
of the answers coming from the participants.
Braun and Clarke (2006) provided a guide that helped the researchers to do the
thematic analysis for this research study. Their procedures are just guidelines and should
not sought to be a rule for every thematic analysis. The procedure that Braun and Clarke
(2006) had prescribed are as follows:
The first step to familiarize the data, which means that the researchers should read
the interview transcripts thoroughly. This is important because the researchers should
B A T A N G A S
24
have an understanding about the points from the responses of each participants. Therefore,
this first step is essential for the subsequent steps.
Next is creating a general idea from the responses of the participants. This is
necessary because this step provided context for the whole research study. Furthermore,
it aligned all the participant’s responses before getting to more specific themes and
subthemes.
Then, the researchers made use of Braun and Clarke’s (2006) third step, the search
for more specific themes. This part is the very definition of the thematic analysis because
it seeks for themes or pattern that arose from the responses of the participants in the past
interview. Moreover, this step is where interpretive and analytical skills are tested because
varying answers or even unrelated ideas could be link together based on the context of the
response.
The fourth step is the review of the said themes. This step required the researchers
to deepen their understanding about the themes; this step is also when the researchers
refine the themes that they had set.
The next step for the researchers is to define and name the themes they had set for
the responses of the participants. Analysis is still required to name the themes because it
is essential for the next step, which is to produce a report.
Lastly, the researchers produced a report of their analysis. This is essential because this
step also relates the themes to the research questions of the study and the results of other
literature.
B A T A N G A S
Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter displays the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of the gathered
data. This chapter also demonstrates how the data collected from the interview of the
participants of the study helped to answer the research questions asked in this study.
1. Reasons Why Teenagers Watch Online Pornography
Table 1
Reasons Why Teenagers Watch Online Pornography
Feature Interpretation
Way to Experience Sexual Pleasure
Participant A
Form of Stress Reliever
Participant B Form of Entertainment
Introduced by Peers
Form of Entertainment
Participant C Introduced by Peers
Peer Pressure
Curiosity
Participant D Pleasure Provider
Form of Entertainment
Introduced by Peers
Introduced by Peers
Participant E Pass of Time
Curiosity
Participant F Form of Entertainment
Introduced by Peers
Table 1 shows the reasons on why teenagers watch pornography. This table both
tackles how teenagers first came contact with pornography and why teenagers continues
to consume online pornography. The answers of the participants were narrowed down into
two (2) themes: (1) peer pressure and, (2) pleasure provider.
B A T A N G A S
26
Peer Pressure. Participants reported that someone else introduced them to
pornography. Peers refer to the individuals who belongs to a certain social circle thus peer
pressure is the influence and encouragement that the said individuals have to a person
(Hartney, 2017). Peer pressure is not always bad; it also leads to positive effects especially
to people that has peers who are responsible and disciplined. However, negative peer
pressure can drastically change an individual to his/her worst self as he/she tries to achieve
the sense of belongingness in that social circle.
For example, when asked about how he discovered pornography, Participant B also
stated:
“Hmmm… impluwensiya ng mga masasamang kabarkada siguro”
“… after ako mainfluence, I access it by myself”
Participant C stated:
“Maraming nag… naririnig ako sa mga kaklase kong terms na hindi ko alam.
Tapos… nag… sinearch ko tapos… yun nakita ko.”
On the other hand, Participant D stated:
“ah siguro… sa tropa lang din kaya ko din nalaman yung mga pornsite… mga ganun
kaya ayon, nanonood ako.”
Peer pressure is one factor to the introduction of pornography to teenagers, as
presented here, but curiosity also played a role. As stated by Participants B and C, they
accessed it by themselves after being influenced by their peers. This finding is in
congruence to the study of Chowdhury, R. et al. (2018) and Martin et al. (2014) as both
B A T A N G A S
27
study correlates pornography consumption is due to peer pressure as well as curiosity and
ignorance.
Pleasure Provider. This reason, the ability of porn to provide different kinds of
pleasure, explains why teenagers continues to consume online pornography. Porn reflects
ideas about what is considered explicit and arousing (Dobson & Moore, 2010). Although
pornographic material is present way before the modern age, online pornography is much
different, as old pornography cannot compare to the levels of arousal and pleasure online
pornography provides to its user (Bulkley, n.d.). Furthermore, online pornography is also
easily accessible thus making it an easy solution to some problems (e.g. stress, boredom,
etc.).
Participant B stated:
“Ah ano entertainment, pampalipas oras tsaka kapag nag-iisa parang stress reliever
ganon… oo ganon kapag nag-iisa, ayun pampalipas oras nga… oo ganoon.”
“… naa-access ko yung porn kapag nga halimabawa may free time na nag-iisa…
yun.”
“… kapag time na horny para sa mga entertainment ‘pag ka minsan halimbawa
nagtatatalo ako sa paglalaro ng Mobile Legends oh kesa sa ma-stress ako edi i-watch
porn for entertainment.”
Participant E stated:
“Nanunuod lang naman ako non ‘pag naisipan ko… o parang wala kong magawa…
pampalipas oras ganerrn”
Participant F stated:
B A T A N G A S
28
“Ganto… para sa’kin entertaining panoorin gawa ng syempre iba-iba ang pananaw
natin bilang babae at lalaki kaya para sa’akin bilang lalaki kaya ganun.”
Pornography as entertainment and a way to combat stress and boredom were the
stated reasons on why the participants consume pornography. Sexual fantasies that are
given by pornography are the attempts for individuals to master negative feelings such as
powerlessness, shame, guilt, fear and loneliness that lingers all the way to adulthood
(Siegel, 2012). However, pornography as entertainment and reliever are not the only
reasons.
For example, when asked about what they feel while watching pornography,
Participant A stated:
“Uhm… uhm… ano yun? Aroused? Ano yun? Yung… nalilibugan oh”
Participan D stated:
“Ahm… syempre horny din kahit papano minsan ayun nga”
When asked about what comes into their minds while watching porn, Participant B
stated:
“Ano, syempre parang sa tuwing sa isip ko ginagawa mo din yun or yung sa pang
parang mas nakakapag-attract sa’yo sexually.”
On the other hand, Participant C stated:
“Exciting...”
Pornography consumption provided the participants above a form of sexual pleasure
without being involved in a sexual activity. This is why pornography hooks teenagers as
it lets them experience sexual pleasure without having to commit in an activity like sex.
B A T A N G A S
29
“This is why online erotica can create such powerful addictions in teens. Today’s porn
doesn’t satisfy teens’ needs; it distorts them.” (Bulkley, n.d.).
2. Effects of Online Pornography Consumption among Teenagers
Table 2
Effects of Online Pornography Consumption among Teenagers
Effects Interpretation
Change in Attitude
Participant A
Sexual Thoughts
Change in Attitude
Participant B Sexual Thoughts Change of View to
Discovery to Sexual Orientation a Certain Gender
Emptiness
Sexual Thoughts Increase in Sexual
Participant C
Change of Standards Drive
Discovery to Sexual Orientation
Participant D Sexual Thoughts Familiarization of
Change of Standards Their Own Sexuality
Participant E Change of Standards
Discovery to Sexual Orientation
Participant F Discovery to Sexual Orientation
Table 2 shows the effects of pornography consumption among teenagers based on the
responses of the participants of the current undertaking. The responses were narrowed
down into three (3) broad categories: (1) change of view to a certain gender, (2) increase
in sexual drive, and (3) loss of interest to activities once enjoyed.
Change of View to a Certain Gender. Some participants reported a change in terms
of thoughts and feelings towards the gender they are attracted to due to pornography
consumption. Pornography has always been thought of as an activity that people
internalize and never goes out in public but the current research shows that continuous
pornography consumption correlates with greater dependence and preference for
B A T A N G A S
30
pornographic script during sexual encounters (Sun, Bridges, Johnson, & Ezzell, 2016).
Furthermore, pornography has even creep into the way people view others based on their
partner preference and social behaviors.
For example, when asked about whether pornography changed the way they look or
treat people of gender they find attractive, Participant C stated:
“Hmmm… syempre napasok din pagiging choosy, pero sa ugali pa rin.”
In addition, Participant D stated:
“Oo naman syempre, mas… parang mas ano… tsk… parang mas naging mapili ako
sa mga babae nung nanood ako, nung nakapanood ako ng porn”
Lastly, Participant E stated:
“Parang mas naging… mas mapili ako”
The first subtheme is how pornography changes the standards of individuals who
consume it frequently. It is evident in the responses that pornography played a role in
terms of their preferences for the gender they find attractive.
Not only that, participants also reported that their pornography consumption changed
their attitude towards certain genders. For instance, when asked about whether or not
pornography changed the way they look or treat people of gender they find attractive,
“Sometimes yes. Uhm… pag halimbawa ang suot nila ay medyo masyadong
revealing… medyo na… syempre lalaki din naman napapasama na yung tingin.”
B A T A N G A S
31
“Somehow, how I look at ahmmm… a girl ay iba kapag kadala ng impluwensya ng
porn syempre, obvious na yun gawa ng lalaki naman tayo.”
“Yung medyo bulgar na yung words? Hindi… hindi… mga lalaki ano… syempre mga
lalaki tayo… ayos lang yung usapang ganun. Pero pag ka sa mga babae may
galang.”
Participant F stated:
“Sa ano naman kasi… para sakin kasi sabi naman nila na normal lang sa lalaki yun
pero sa babae kasi iba yung tingin pag nalaman nilang nanonood ganun.”
To expound this second subtheme, the change of attitude, even further, the
participants were asked about their current attitude towards people they find attractive.
“Uhm… med… siguro meron konting ano… kasamang kamanyakan siguro”
“After watching, ano yung… nagkakaroon ng paunti-unting sa iba na parang
sexually ganon, yun.”
Overall, this finding is in somewhat agreement with the study of Maas (2010), and
Martin et al. (2014). All of the said studies, along with this current undertaking, found out
that pornography consumption changes the way pornography consumers view people of
gender they find attractive.
Increase in Sexual Drive. Another effect that the researchers interpreted based on
the responses of the subjects of the study is the increase in sexual drive. As individuals
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32
consume erotic and sexual materials, the reward system in their brains turns on thus
provoking good feelings (Hess, 2017). This is also correlated with the increase in sexual
drive as individuals who consumes pornography, especially to young teenager, gets curios
about the feeling of experiencing sexual intercourse. Pornography consumption shapes
adolescents’ mind about sexual experiences thus having the potential to lead to problems
such as sexual compulsivity and sex addiction (Katehakis, 2011). Sexual compulsivity is
the excessive preoccupation of one self to sexual fantasies that has adverse effects to the
many aspects that make an individual (Mayo Clinic, 2017).
Although not extreme, participants of this study displays sexual fantasies. For
example, when asked about what comes into their minds while watching pornography,
“Uhm… other girls… doing it with them”
“Ano, syempre parang sa tuwing sa isip ko ginagawa mo din yun or yung sa pang
parang mas nakakapag-attract sayo sexually”
“… To have sex with someone? Hindi naman masyado… siguro ano… Yung feeling…
meron syempre pero may… pagtitimpi pa rin syempre…”
Participant D stated:
“Having sex with my ex”
Familiarization of Their Own Sexuality. Some participants reported that
pornography taught them their sexuality. Even though the RH law has long been
B A T A N G A S
33
implemented, the Department of Education has not yet formulate standards for a
comprehensive sex education that schools should adapt (Geronimo, 2016). Without proper
education about sexuality, and it being a sensitive topic that is seen as immoral to talk
about in public, individuals turn to pornography.
For example, when asked whether pornography taught them about their sexuality,
“Oo… dahil somehow tinuturuan ako nito ng gagawin ko to someone I’m attracted
to.”
Moreover, Participant E stated:
“Oo… kasi nagkakameron ako ng kaalaman tungkol dito… saka… nai-imagine ko
din misan kung kanino ko ba magagawa ang ganto.”
This finding is in agreement with the study of McCormack & Wignall (2015). Their
study along with this current undertaking showed that pornography has educational
benefits related to sexuality, sexual desire, and emerging sexual identities.
3. Possible Ways to Avoid, Decrease, and Eventually Eliminate, Online Pornography
Consumption
This study aimed to uncover the causes, effects and possible ways to avoid, decrease,
and eliminate online pornography consumption. Furthermore, this study presented that the
said participants are pornography consumers that served as key informants for this study
as they had presented causes, and showed the effects of pornography consumption. As
stated in the previous chapters, the output of this study will rely to the researchers
themselves as they formulate and suggest ways to avoid, decrease, and eliminate online
B A T A N G A S
34
pornography consumption. Although this ways were only suggested by the researchers,
these are formulated and backed up by the responses of the participants themselves.
Do More Leisure Activities that are Not Pornography Related. Participants of the
study clearly shows their love to their leisure activities as they state that these type of
activities made them avoid watching pornography. This solves the problem of turning to
pornography when bored or in need of entertainment. According to the article written by
Weiss (2016), filling in free time with exercise and other activities are one of the popular
action steps to combat pornography addiction.
Participants of the study have leisure activities that made them avoid pornography
consumption. For example, when asked about how he manage his pornography
consumption, Participant F stated:
“Siguro gawin ko na lang yung hobbies ko yung… yun nga online games kasi minsan
na-skip ko, iano ko na lang… mas okay na lang na maglaro ako ng online games.”
Moreover, by doing leisure activities, it will make individuals busy thus having no
need to consume pornography to combat boredom. For instance, Participant B stated:
“…yung mga pressured sa mga activities pag ka sobrang daming gawain, baka
naman masingit mo pa yan… naku hindi na.”
This way also inhibits one of the causes of online pornography consumption among
teenagers that the researchers found out, the ability pornography to provide pleasure to the
participants when they were bored and stressed. Doing leisure activities also provides
pleasure to combat boredom and stress thus eliminating the need for online pornography
to deliver them pleasure.
B A T A N G A S
35
Block Pornographic Sites from Frequently Used Devices. Most of the participants
of the study reported that if a total ban of pornographic sites will be imposed to the
Philippines, they would stop pornography consumption even for non-online pornography.
For example, when asked whether they will still consume non-online pornography if
pornographic site is banned altogether, Participant B stated:
“No, ahm… if it was banned, edi wag na lang, kasi kaya sya binan kasi ahm… it
needs to be stopped. Kung kailangan ma-istop edi kailangan nang istop. Ako ay titigil
dahil iyon ang kagustuhan kaya binan.”
Moreover, Participant C stated:
“Tingin ko hindi na. Kasi aksaya lang sa pera. Gagastos ka pa ? Eh ban na nga. ”
However, this circumstance is very difficult to achieve, as it needs the government’s
presence to be implemented. For this instance, the researchers suggest to download site
blockers and block pornographic sites. This takes initiative and strong persistence to stop
pornography consumption but this tactic is very effective. According to the article written
in the website of Your Brain On Porn (n.d.), site blockers helps the individual in times of
weakness and temptation.
Commit to a Serious Relationship. Some participants reported that they would stop
pornography consumption once they commit to a relationship. Relationships are a way to
focus one’s attention to someone rather than to pornography. For instance, when asked
about what would make them stop pornography consumption, Participant D stated:
“Ah… siguro makakapagtigil sakin sa panonood ng porn is kapag nagkagirlfriend
ako ulit…”
B A T A N G A S
36
In addition, Participant C stated:
“Siguro ‘pag kasal na”
Monitor and Diminish Bad Peers. Many participants reported that they first
encountered pornography through their peers. This is an alarming sign that pornography
consumption are widespread.
Continuous online pornography consumption is still influenced by peers as they
provide normalcy to online pornography consumption. Furthermore, peers are great at
influencing one another. This is because the human body had adapted to feel pain when
rejected; this is called social pain (Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell, 2019). Thus eliminating
online pornography consumption also means that an individual must also eliminate peers
that are heavy pornography consumers. This not only limits the exposure of an individual
to pornography, but also develops a mindset about the dangers of pornography that may
lead to pornography addiction.
Through the responses from the subjects of the study, the researchers formulated the
said ways to avoid, decrease, and eventually eliminate. To clear things out, the said ways
are only suggestions that are based from the responses from the subjects of the study and
still need further study to prove or disprove it.
B A T A N G A S
Chapter V
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This qualitative study dealt with the causes, effects, and possible ways to avoid,
decrease, and eventually eliminate pornography consumption among teenagers who study
in Senior High School of Malvar.
Specifically, this study wanted to answer these following research questions:
1. Why do teenagers consume online pornography?
2. What are the effects of online pornography consumption among teenagers?
3. What are the possible ways to avoid, decrease, and eventually eliminate online
pornography consumption?
Furthermore, this current undertaking used six (6) teenagers who are enrolled in
Senior High School in Malvar and consumes online pornography frequently as
participants of this study. The researchers used a semi-structured interview to collect the
data that they needed and used thematic analysis as its data analysis method. This is used
to uncover underlying themes to the different responses from the participants of the study.
Findings
After data collection, analysis and interpretation, the following results were revealed
from the study:
1. Based on the responses from the subjects of the study, the researchers found
two reasons about the cause of pornography consumption of teenagers. These
B A T A N G A S
38
are the following: (1) peer pressure and (2) pleasure provider. The
introduction of pornography by peers along with curiosity are the subthemes
in peer pressure. On the other hand, pornography as a form of entertainment,
stress reliever, and a way to experience sexual pleasure are part of the theme
of pleasure provider.
2. The effects of pornography consumption to teenagers were categorized into
three (3) broad themes. These are the following: (1) change of view to a
certain gender, (2) increase in sexual drive, and (3) familiarization of their
own sexuality. Under the change of view to a certain gender are the change
of attitudes and standards of the participant towards the gender they find
attractive. Conversely, the subtheme under increase in sexual drive is the
sexual thoughts that the participants encounter. Lastly, the subtheme under
familiarization of their own sexuality is the way pornography was used to
discover their sexual orientation.
3. The output of this study is to provide ways to avoid, decrease, and eventually,
eliminate pornography consumption. Through the responses from the subjects
of the study, the researchers formulated four (4) ways to further the said output
of the study. These are as follows: (1) do more leisure activities that are not
pornography related, (2) block pornographic sites from frequently used
devices, (3) commit to a serious relationship, and (4) monitor and diminish
bad peers.
B A T A N G A S
39
Conclusions
Grounded with the findings of this study, the following conclusions were made:
1. Pornography consumption among teenagers are present due to influences by
peers and to the ability of pornography to induce pleasure.
2. The effects of pornography is wide range and some are even extremely
negative such the changes in teen pornography consumers’ in terms of how
they view gender that they find attractive, and the increase in sexual drive that
may result to sexual compulsivity. Some effects are even perceived as positive
just like the way porn introduces teenagers to their sexual orientation.
3. To prevent teenagers to become pornography addict, they should try doing
more leisure activities, blocking pornographic sites in their most frequently
used devices, committing to a serious relationship, and eliminate bad peers
Recommendations
Established from the conclusions of this study, the following recommendations were
provided:
1. The study revealed that the cause of pornography consumption are somewhat
related to unsupervised teenagers in terms of their peers to bond with and their
use of devices thus, the researchers suggest to supervise and communicate
with teenagers.
2. Communication in terms of sexuality should not be perceived as immoral to
talk about inside home, or school. The researchers suggest to the Department
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40
of Education to hasten the implementation of sexuality education to teach
teenagers the right way to approach the sexual aspects of life.
The ways to avoid, decrease, and eventually eliminate pornography consumption
are just suggestions of the researchers based on the answers from the participants of the
study so, the researchers recommend that further study is conducted in that aspect
B A T A N G A S
Bibliography
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B A T A N G A S
Appendices
APPENDIX A
LETTER OF REQUEST FOR ADVISER

B A T A N G A S
2019
DR. JHOMAR C. SOR

Principal II
Sir,
The senior high school students are working on a research study entitled
“Pornography Consumption among Teenagers: Its Causes, Effects, and Possible
Preventive Measures”.
In this regards we are requesting Mr. Marvin M. Saludo, to be our adviser in this
endeavor.
Thank you very much.
Very truly yours,

Dipasupil, Rico R.
Torres, Aurbey V.
The Researchers
Approved:
DR. JHOMAR C. SOR
Principal II
Conformed;
I hereby accept the assignment as an adviser per request of the above mentioned
student and that I assume the duties and responsibilities therein until the project is
depended, approved and finally submitted.
(Sgd) Mr. Marvin M. Saludo, M.E.M.

Adviser
APPENDIX B
LETTER OF REQUEST RESPONDENTS

B A T A N G A S
2019
DR. JHOMAR C. SOR

Principal II
Sir,
We are Grade 11 STEM 1 students of Senior High School of Malvar and currently
conducting a research study entitled “Pornography Consumption among Teenagers: Its
Causes, Effects, and Possible Preventive Measures”
In connection with this, we have chosen teenager students to be our respondents. In

this regard, we would like to seek permission from your good office so we can conduct our
study. Rest assured that the information gathered will be used solely for our study and will
be treated with full confidentiality.
We are anticipating for your favorable response on this matter. Thank you very
much.
Very truly yours,

Dipasupil, Rico R.
Torres, Aurbey V.
The Researchers
Noted: Approved/Remarks:
(Sgd) Mr. Marvin M. Saludo DR. JHOMAR C. SOR

Adviser Principal II
APPENDIX C
INTERVEW TRANSCRIPT
Participant A
Preliminary Questions:
When was your first time watching porn?
When I was in first year high school
How do you get access to porn?
Through mobile phones or uhm… computers and tablets
Did you discover it by yourself or somebody introduce it to you?
By myself
What type of porn do you prefer to watch and why?
Uhm… yung ano… boy to girl
What do you feel after watching porn?
Uhm… uhm… ano yun? Aroused? Ano yun? Yung… nalilibugan oh.
How will you describe your dependence on pornography?
Pantaggal stress
What comes to your mind while watching pornography?
Uhm… other girls… doing it with them

What are your attitude towards people?
Uhm… med… siguro meron konting ano… kasamang kamanyakan siguro
What is your opinion/perspective/ point of view about sex?
Uhm… sex is healthy
Does watching porn changed the way you view sex?
Uhm… hindi naman dahil, kasi naman ano yan eh… hindi mo naman kailangan
gayahen dahil syempre ginagawa mo lang kung ano ang gusto mong gawin
Does it bother you when you skip watching or you fail to watch porn?
No
Did watching porn change the way you look or treat people of gender you are
attracted to?
Sometimes yes. Uhm… pag halimbawa ang suot nila ay medyo masyadong revealing…
medyo na… syempre lalaki din naman napapasama na yung tingin.
What other activities do you think you have neglected or stop doing because you were
hooked on watching porn?
Uhm… house chores or uhm… playing outside
pornography consumption among teenagers?

What are your leisure activities that make you avoid watching porn?
Basketball and mobile games
Will you consume non-online pornography if porn is permanently banned in the
Philippines?
Uhm… no uhm… hindi naman kasi laging… hindi naman kasi ano yung porn e… parang
palipas oras ko lang yan.
What if porn is banned but you could buy non-online pornographic material,
will you still buy some?
Hindi na… gastos naman eh may gf naman ako.
What do you think will make you stop watching porn?
Sa ngayon tigil na ako dahil ano na ako ngayon sa ano e… sa anime
At this point in your life, do you think watching porn is something that you will do
for a long time, why?
No, because I’m not that much addicted to porn
When will you stop watching porn?
When it comes to the point na… yung nakakasakit na ako ng damdamin ng iba yung
halimbawa uhm… parang rapist na ako sa pag-akto ko yun… titigil ko na dahil syempre
masama na yon… ayaw ko nung may mga taong maaapektuhan dahil sa kaadikan ko sa
porn.
Participant B
Preliminary Questions
When does your first time watching porn?
“I think it was ahhh when im grade 8, grade 8 yes grade”
“Yes, yung after ako mainfluence I access it by myself”
How do you often used to watch porn?
“Ano? Tanong?”
What do you often used to watch porn? Gaano ka kadalas
“Gaano kadalas? Ahhmm siguro in a week ahhmm 4-5”
Is it okay to say that watching porn is something you do very often?
“Ahmm oo naman kase, once a day Lang naman eh tas minsan may araw pang hindi ako
nanonood”
Did you discover it just by yourself or somebody introduce it to you?
“Hmmm im impluwensya ng mga masasamang kabarkada siguro”
What type of porn did you prefer to watch?
“Ano ano lang yunggg syempre yung passionate pang dirty girl passionate dapat tas gusto
ko yung maganda yung model haha”

What do you feel after watching porn?
“Horny, my dick is horny”
How do you describe your dependence towards porn?
“Ah ano entertainment, pampalipas oras tsaka kapag nag iisa parang stress reliever
ganon,Oo ganon kapag nag iisa, ayun pampalipas oras nga oo ganon”
What, what comes to your mind while watching pornography?
“Ano, syempre parang sa tuwing sa isip ko ginagawa mo din yun or yung sa pang parang
mas nakakapag attract sayo sexually.”
“Tow, after watching, ano yung..nag kakaroon ng paunti unting sa iba na parang sexually
ganon , yun”
What is your opinion or perspective/point of view about sex?
“Sex is healthy”
Does it bothers you if you skip watching or you fail to watch one?
“No ahhm hindi sya sobrang essential sa pang araw araw na pamumuhay kung baga,
ginagawa ko or na a access ko yung porn kapag nga halimbawa may free time na nag iisa
yun”
attracted to?
“Somehow, how I look at ahmm a girl ay iba kapag kadala ng impluwensya ng porn
syempre, obvious nayun diba gawa ng lalaki naman tayo.”
What other activities do you think you are neglected or stop doing because you are
hooked in watching porn?
“Ahmm wala naman masyado parang kung baga kapag ka eh irarank mo yung mga bagay
na dapat kong gawin laging nasa huli yung porn or minsan wala sya, ahmm ang iba lang
is yung kapag ka time na horny para sa mga entertainment pag ka minsan halimbawa nag
tatatalo ako sa pag lalaro ng mobile legends oh kesa sa ma istress ako edi I watch porn for
entertainment.”
Does pornography let you explore your sexuality?
“Oo… dahil somehow tinuturuan ako nito ng gagawin ko to someone I’m attracted to.”
“Ahmm playing sports tennis, lawn tennis playing mobile games yan.”
Will you consume non online pornography if porn is permanently band in the
Philippines?
“No, ahm if it was banned ah edi wag nalang, kase, kaya sya binanned kase ahm it needs
to be stopped kung kailangan maistop edi kailangan nang istop, ako ay titigil dahil iyon
ang kagustuhan kaya binnaned.”

“Hmm. Pag ka ginusto ko kase sa sarili ko edi matitigilan pagka may mga bagay naman
talaga nag tutulak sakin na itigil yan, yung mga pressured sa mga activities pag ka
sobrang daming gawain baka naman maisingit mo pa yan nako hindi na.”
At this point of your life do you think watching porn is something that you will do
for a long time?
“Ahmm..ano.. I believe kasi na ahh.. ito ay ang part ng puberty natin or part lang ng
puberty ko, so kapag ka ahh.. alam ko naman sa sarili ko na anytime na konting mature
mature nalang eh hindi ko na kailangan ang porn sa sarili kong buhay .”
When will you start watching porn?
“Ahmm. Just wait, maititigil at maititigil ahh. Hindi ko pa lang masasabi ngayon kase
somehow di ko naman, di ko kasi sya pinaplano kung kailangan ko sya papanoorin or
hindi ako nag paplano kung kelan ako manonood sadyang dadating lang sa time kung
kelan yung tawag nang laman yun”

Participant C
Preliminary Questions:
 When was your first time watching porn?
“Siguro mga.. first year high school.”
 How do you get access to porn?
“Internet.”
 What do you often use to watch one?
“Cellphone.”
 What type of porn do you prefer to watch and why?
““Blonde, Asian, POV, threesome.. hindi ko na alam yung iba.”
 Is it okay to say that watching porn is something that you do very often?
“No. Ano.. wait lang.. ano.. bihirang bihira lang ako kada isang month. Mga twice
gano’n.”
 Did you discover it by yourself or somebody introduce it to you?
“Maraming nag--naririnig ako sa mga kaklase kong terms na hindi ko alam.
Tapos.. nag—sinearch ko tapos.. yun nakita ko. “
 How will you describe your dependence on pornography?
“Kung paano ako dumedepende sa.. porn? Hindi naman masyado kasi pag bored
lang ako ginagawa ko yun.”
“Hmmnn.. Yung as in yun lang yung pag walang wala na talaga, as in walang
wala na talagang magawa, yun lang yung ginagawa ko.”

 What comes to your mind while watching pornography?
“Exciting! Ano nga ba.. pumapasok sa isip ko? To have sex with someone? Hindi
naman masyado..Siguro ano.. Yung feel—Meron syempre pero may.. may
pagtitimpi parin syempre. Pagkatapos na ng kasal. Bait tayo eh.”
2. What are the effects of online pornography exposure to teenagers?
 What are your attitude towards people?
“Syempre normal, may galang parin.”
 What do you feel after watching porn?
“Hmmm.. Empty. Akala—kasi, empty kasi talaga kasi.. hindi ko alam, hindi ko
na alam kung anong gagawin kong sunod kasi.. Wala eh.. trip ko lang yun eh.
 What is your opinion/perspective/ point of view about sex?
“Hmmmnn.. Holy kasi ang sex eh.. pero.. nakaka.. pero.. syempre lalake tayo.
Natetempt parin tayo kasi ano..sa katawan.”
“Hmmn.. Hindi naman. Hindi parin.”
 Does it bother you when you skip watching or you fail to watch porn?
“Nope. Nakakapagtimpi ako—minsan talaga as in.”
 Did watching porn change the way you look or treat people of gender you are
attracted to?
“Hmmn.. syempre napasok din pagiging choosy, pero sa ugali parin.”
“Yung medyo bulgar na yung words? Hindi.. Hindi.. mga lalake ano.. syempre
mga lalake tayo ayos lang yung usapang ganun. Pero pagka sa mga babae may
galang.”
 What other activities do you think you have neglected or stop doing because
you were hooked on watching porn?
“Sa tingin ko.. wait lang..”
“Siguro yung ano.. panonood ng anime. Minsan pagka-ano eh—Oy! Tigil ko
muna to tapos..wala nakakatamad na manood ng anime, siguro eto naman.”
3. What are the possible ways to decrease and eventually eliminate teenager’s
exposure to online pornography?
 What are your leisure activities that make you avoid watching porn?
“Pag-gigitara, pagkanta, panonood ng TV, anime, kung ano ano pa. Madami.”
 Will you consume non-online pornography if porn is permanently banned in
the Philippines?
“Tingin ko hindi na. Kasi aksaya sa pera. Gagastos ka pa? eh ban na nga.”
 What do you think will make you stop watching porn?
“Siguro pag kasal na.”
 At this point in your life, do you think watching porn is something that you
will do for a long time?
“Hindi rin, kasi may panahon din na ayoko na talaga..na.. natutukso lang talaga
eh.”
 When will you stop watching porn?
“Pag.. pag kasal na. Oh kaya pag tinawag na talaga ni Lord. Tapos bagong loob
daw, lipat ng—tama na yun.”

Participant D
Q. When was your first time watching porn?
* Siguro ano since 1st year.. 1st year High School ako
Q. How do you get access to porn?
*sa ano syempre sa internet
Q. How often do you watch porn?
*ah siguro sa isang week nakakafive times ako ng panonood
Q. Is it okay to say that watching porn is something that you do very often?
*ah sakin oo sa mga.... yun sa bagay kaano katulad ko single wala din naman akong
partner syempre parang no choice ka kundi manonood ka nalang
Q. Did you discover it by yourself or somebody introduce it to you?
* ah siguro.. sa tropa lang din kaya ko din nalaman yung mga pornsite mga ganun kaya
ayon nanonood
Q. What type of porn do you prefer to watch and why?
*Ahh.. siguro mga ano ASIAN
Q. What do you feel after watching porn?
*Ahmm.. syempre horny din kahit papano minsan ayun nga
Q. How will you describe your dependence on pornography?

*Ahmm.. tsk.. siguro pag ano pagbored parang yun nanonood ako pagbored ako ganun
2. What are the effects of online pornography exposure to teenagers?
Q. What are your attitude towards people?
*syempre ano control pa din kahit papano kahit nanonood ka ng porn, control pa din sa..
ibang tao
Q. What comes to your mind while watching pornography?
*Having sex with my ex
Q. What is your opinion/perspective/ point of view about sex?
* Ahh.. for me sex is... opposite gender basta ang sex kasi para sakin parang napakalalim
na nya lalo na pag walang love na kasama parang iba na yun eh...yun lang
Q. Did watching porn change the way you look or treat people of gender you are
attracted to?
*oo naman syempre,mas... parang mas ano tssk... parang mas naging mapili ako sa baba
ng nanood ako, ng makapanonood ako ng porn
Q. What other activities do you think you have neglected or stop doing because you
were hooked on watching porn?
* wala wala wala ako
3. What are the possible ways to decrease and eventually eliminate teenager’s
exposure to online pornography?

Q. What are your leisure activities that make you avoid watching porn?
* Ah siguro yung mga bagay na yun is pagsasayaw tsaka is yung nakakasama tropa ko
Q. Will you consume non-online pornography if porn is permanently banned in the
Philippines?
* Para sakin ahmm... kung mawawala yun edi parang siguro parang mahirap pero ayos
lang ayos lang sakin wala eh nawala na eh pero kung bibili pa man ako ng CD or
magazines siguro... bibili ako kahit papano kahit konti lang
Q. What do you think will make you stop watching porn?
*Ah siguro makakapagpatigil sakin sa panonood ng porn is kapag nagkagirlfriend ako
ulit tsaka pag nakapagfocus ako sa ibang bagay like dancing ganun
Q. At this point in your life, do you think watching porn is something that you will do
for a long time?
*Siguro hanggat may porn hindi maiiwasan
Q. When will you stop watching porn?
* siguro... hindi ko alam eh, mahirap din sagutin kasi hanggat mayroong porn at tsaka
ano di ka ano matutukso ka pa din kahit papano kaya hindi ko masasabi na hindi na ako
manonod ng porn
Participant E
When was your first time watching porn?
* Naalala ko nung highschool ako nakapanuod na ako ng mga chukchakan na ganyan.
* Sa mga naliligaw sa internet. HAHAHAHA tas minsan sa cellphone
What do you often use to watch one?
* Sa internet
How often do you watch one?
* Araw araw. Para sulit Hahahahaha
Is it okay to say that watching porn is something that you do very often?
* Para sakin okay lang manuod ng ganon. Kasi nasasayo naman yon kung gagawin mo o
hindi. Hahahaha kung kulang ka sa aruga syempre gagawin mo nga!
What type of porn do you prefer to watch and why?
* Kahit ano basta porn. HAHAHAHAHA kahit mga arabo pa yan kahit saang bansa G na
Did you discover it by yourself or somebody introduce it to you?
* Naririnig ko na sya nuon sa mga kaibigan ko. Kaya sa kanila ko lang din nalaman yon.
How will you describe your dependence on pornography?
*Nanunuod lang naman ako non pag naisipan ko o parang wala kong magawa. Pampalipas
oras ganerrn
What comes to your mind while watching pornography?
*na Cucurious ako. Hahahahaha
*Same just ordinary. Kunyare di malibog HAHAHA
What is your opinion/perspective/ point of view about sex?
*Puta ang hirap nare hahahaha! Basta kapag mahal mo duon kalaang makipag
chukchakan wag kung kani kanino kasi wala lang din yon.
attracted to?
* Para mas naging mas mapili ako
Does pornography lets you explore your sexuality
“Oo… kasi nagkakameron ako ng kaalaman tungkol dito… saka… nai-imagine ko din
3. What are the possible ways to avoid, decrease and eventually eliminate online
pornography consumtion among teenagers?
*yung pagsasayaw ko paglilibang ko sa ibang bagay
* Di mawala sya. Hahahaha dinaman ako malibog HAHA
At this point in your life, do you think watching porn is something that you will do
for a long time?
*Walang makakapagpatigil sakin non kundi ako lang din sarili ko lang. Hahahaha
hanggat nalilibugan manunuod ng manunuod. Hahahaha
When will you stop watching porn?
*Di ko masasabi kasi diko naman maiiwasan pero ewan ko na. Hahahahah kalaban kasi
lagi tukso e.
Participant F
Q. When was your first time watching porn?
*Hmmm... Grade 9
Q. How do you get access to porn?
*Hmm. Searching through internet
Q. Is it okay to say that watching porn is something that you do very often?
*oo sakin, sakin oo iyon
Q. What type of porn do you prefer to watch and why?
*syempre yung ano... yung opposite sex ganun, babae sa lalaki ganun
Q. Did you discover it by yourself or somebody introduce it to you?
*Somebody introduce me
Q. What do you feel after watching porn?
*Ano... wala para sakin enjoy lang ganun, enjoy lang
Q. How will you describe your dependence on pornography?
*Ganto... para sakin entertaining panoorin gawa ng syempre iba iba ng pananaw natin
bilang babae at lalaki kaya para sakin bilang lalaki kaya yun ganun nga
Q. What are your attitude towards people?
*Ahmmm. Ano hindi naman ako, hindi naman naapektuhan yung ugali ko kung ano ako,
yun pa rin ako hindi ako naaapektuhan ng porn
Q. What comes to your mind while watching pornography?
*Ano siguro naisip ko kasi na bakit hindi nila iprivacy yun ganun kaya nagiging open sa
social media
Q. What is your opinion/perspective/ point of view about sex?
*Opinyon ko? dapat para sakin ang sex kasi ano yun pribado, private kasi yan kaya dapat
hindi kinakalat yun
Q. Does it bother you when you skip watching or you fail to watch porn?
* Wala naman parang okay lang sakin kahit hindi ako manood ganun wala naman
Q. Did watching porn change the way you look or treat people of gender you are
attracted to?
*Sa ano naman kasi.. para sakin kasi sabi naman nila normal lang sa lalaki yun pero sa
babae kasi iba yung tingin pag nalaman nilang nanonood ganun.
Q. What other activities do you think you have neglected or stop doing because you
were hooked on watching porn?
*Hmmm.. ano yung computer games, online games

Q. What are your leisure activities that make you avoid watching porn?
*siguro gawin ko nalang yung hobbies ko yung...yun nga online games kasi minsan na-
skip ko, iano ko nalang mas okay nalang na maglaro ako ng online games
Q. Will you consume non-online pornography if porn is permanently banned in the
Philippines?
*hindi na.. kung pinagbabawal naman e hindi na
Q. At this point in your life, do you think watching porn is something that you will
do for a long time?
*oo ang tagal na kasi e since highschool ako eh.
Q. When will you stop watching porn?
*hmmm... hindi ko rin alam eh kasi yun pero kaya ko naman mabuhay kahit hindi
manonood kaya madali lang sya itigil para sakin

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN MALVAR

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

MARVIN M. SALUDO, M.E.M.

Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of_________

Date of Oral Examination: _____________

JHOMAR C. SOR ED. D.

To Mr. Marvin M. Saludo, for guiding us in completing this undertaking, and

inspiring us to work better;

the improvement of this research study;

To _________________, one of our panelists for her comments and suggestions

in completing this research;

research study a reality;

interview questions that further this research study;

completion of this research study.

We wish to express our sincere appreciation to our

for their keen and endless guidance,

encouragement, critics, and inspiration ‘till the success and

completion of this study.

To our Almighty God…

for the source of strength and wisdom

Burgos, Conte, De Torres, Dipasupil, Montecer, Roma and Torres Family,

fellow friends, and participants of this study that had directly

and indirectly helped us throughout this research study.

Title : PORNOGRAPHY CONSUMPTION AMONG

decrease, and eventually eliminate pornography consumption among teenagers.

and eventually eliminate online pornography consumption.

This study is qualitative and phenomenological in nature. The subjects of this

data analysis method as this is perfect for this type of study.

decrease, and eventually eliminate pornography consumption. The researchers provided

The researchers provided recommendations for improvement of the current

system in terms of pornography consumption among teenagers. First is to supervise and

Second is for the Department of Education to hasten the implementation of sexuality

and eventually eliminate pornography consumption.

1 Reasons Why Teenagers Consume

Online Pornography ...................................................................................... 27

2 Effects of Online Pornography Consumption among

TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................ i

APPROVAL SHEET ................................................................................................... ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................... iii

THESIS ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... vii

LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................x

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... xi

Statement of the Problem ......................................................4

Scope and Delimitation .........................................................4

Significance of the Study ......................................................5

Conceptual Literature ............................................................8

Conceptual Framework .......................................................16

Research Paradigm ..............................................................17

Definition of Terms .............................................................17

Research Design ..................................................................19

Subjects of the Study ...........................................................20

Research Instrument ............................................................20

Data Gathering Procedure ...................................................21

Data Analysis Method .........................................................23

IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Reasons Why Teenagers Consume