eo pnee td Serotecewemylosameepne Did Bomar yen tit Sama i eaorredert Dts ncn Type Mote Nek Aeon pteiyieimstydcatetes |) Tench dente ine | ‘ang ett Ne epee gets ns bd dikeenon have seats 1 PITCH-BLACK, WE HAVE BERN SCRATCHING OUR WAY THROUGH DENSE UNDERBRUSH IN northwestern Australia, guided only by the dim light from a GPS sereen. The light is ‘too weak to reveal fallen trees Laat fill he dry creck bed we are following, and we keep tripping over them. We are two geologists working in a remote region of the country ‘known as the Pilbara: Djokie up front and Van Kranendonk several steps behind. Our truck, parked somewhere on asmall plateau, seems a world away. We ate not sure if the GPS's batteries will hold out long enough to show us the way back.’The night sky, ‘ablaze with countless stars visible right Gown to the horizon, twinkles in an amazing spectacle | as Jupiter dances with nearby Venus. Saaly, this spectacle provides little navigational help for ‘wo scientists fumbling their way through the Australian outback in June 2014 Tegan ess thre omy Heading up the sie of he ereck embankment, yoke suds ck down as sh ost herbals? T stop herman Keane "eae ott stop her an pushes er ack phil ie prompts sec something nines and al a puted Spe Pe D> Me™ Djokicharntstambled all Se tight me, fear fore ie sets wo swat away the tek sp {er webemeopnge Spiders ave a deserve bad "eptiton n Asal tre dark nt od en {wassune day have fou theo benign sess. The reason we ar fling ow ou the Pa ati isbeense wehad spent the ay enhralaby ‘Sew dscorer Dla made n3asion year ld ‘edimentry rock ella the Deer Soaton. Some therelaaerinl rage and wiles called ‘ert which were crete by a dani esa Enric, They reve obese hen fas a teaped in astm, most ty prods by {i ger of celle mcroonganies, Te srice rocks and inns of dls tgp new en Choemesonartiln shontoneothe oct mst on the pant: how ae “sere eo sr. The evince pt Yee Totsprngsand poignant 2illon env "This afar diferent pete of He orn ae ‘cone ets ve oon shetshing sn 77. Tat steer the resareh submarine in dsr Jodrotherma vents a th oto ofthe Pee ean ‘pumpin ot nas canting ont and sur a ‘ce icharmetiane sna yogen ule sunou ‘st by primitie baeeria and large worms 1 Was ‘nvng ont Bigs have sete at ich vents rote fom the estes wracking "esac abot fou ion years gp col bare rove the eer nets an sae ven for He toe ut the theory has probing one ha he ora Nast of wae an ithe needed leis might spread out to qukl to test ad Foc ll membres and primitive metabolism ‘Nom wean oes bello poate that repeal ty deyot and then et wet ain colle ter aco Te oe he elt aay ection, ry Anytensinladcpsmitiincnin! Almaden eget neuro Setongermlsis ewan bate rented ndvetoycy adie gradesspellsn which complex moked pbmerscan ben trom simpler its wet spi tht Host ‘heelyets tend and ther dying pero that ‘hat the ress, nora ot ant aren ok ‘ronment ha once Den ike the stem pool ae ‘uptng soso alowstone Nationa ark nthe [oSyan active aera eM And everywhere inthe Dresser tere ae sss oie tty as- ‘Sted wih theo hot sprig stem, Although the Dresser was ot the ata ste were the most pte rele besa hala bio years erie, itwas show tgs tha other environments and were present very etl in Earth history. Charles Davin a sgested ack 187 that mlerobi eo rte some ware eps” A umber of sen (mth Orin of Spread intel it on sme {hing important And the mptetios of hese ess strech beyond our own plane: nor search or aen Ieelsewere nthe sol ptr sae theory aout rns would ude ws often places and eee cee =e ees a An ar ents asetnee Sees ae, Seo | nts eaten ene eee shame tnetiie Sans ees Sees coccerensees erences stares teewcesmnae ae shpaipoannemanamenteo eee ae oe d Siyocstau ture onto ese Sa bo ce ee posed of counties tiny vesicles, each containing com- 4 pounds that were preset in the original soup. SS 1th ompartenis dred ot around the ge of the ple cs theists, ready close pa ity oi together as plyers Could hs be ate ington oe ste? Backman, Des rand iscobeagies ested the ex by ming simple ‘nue as sale nls wit pds. The mis {ure was pr ough ees of wet and yng w+ der thease sonalons apd high temperate ‘the Kamettha pool The result longer ptmers ‘gg fom to mor than 10) melee Tater statis sine ey ration desonstatethe omnes reseed onal oo INA. Ptr ‘nore thse ppnes were eneapultd y thes {0 form vst number of microscope compartments sonercaled ‘ser com sed miner Sissesing opis signauredo tanehin ‘arian Ihe bands om pesedtraly ‘potato ew one cer ‘ratrinwih (iMirsele bes pre sevedint con ear ‘dgererta ey te, ‘heproduts boll rer ou 207, SentenceDene sa jut ee wet ry eles i van got eat sie mls calle ‘eles miei ad another hay ete: the ural ‘icin membraneof the eset open allowing ‘mers and mtn it On ewe the kd ‘membranes wood eeneapuatediirent mies of nr, ach mitre representa Kindo tard ‘tof sumouniings, wnther png na dfent et hee ntact proto would then survive o paso 1201 aera thi phat the woe cycle: an intermediate stage between wet and dy ‘uteop known as Galery 1 thats covered with borin rock earings known a eto ‘On the wy, he noticed brown, die lt ron and sie He reaied that i wer dry base, in which suring rotated wpe fer nt similar gl, papers and natin mole es could mix and exchange ars the barr the eat tects tr tral Tory ear eatin in fac acon George Fox and the te Cat Woes proposed the te regents frst comma Primordial phat of i; ood Damer his atc His protocel the thre eye oe ant we piss the tence this pst May in Netare Commas Aer sre elite hat the Dresser had Ben led with face hot springs na poathrma sytem, I became ‘ear that lo had contained my fhe ye eee ttseosin and ‘inne ‘asks pte ‘reitoleche ep ease cetain | Stearn oan Soimtttrened! opener ‘meres ‘aoe stare | (tee es atc ioe hens ‘octet gcah rene iy IMocaemiedr ‘lms Sinictocoshe | pardeusitots ‘sltispmestemy | Eatepdacedane evtchmoy | eudbaraneJourney to a Land across Time ‘hen fest oth Wes Atl br, pe faking fallen yoo bern af oae ver denoted. heya we 1, owe eae ote he “westcoast to of Po dan tal art re SDS res wee afew ithe sry tres an smal as evs ripingsresthe burs oplan fds What atoms? Anh tl ne expend ting {hrtraloorn Or ret hk ing es Big a wecorhndto fel sah on the ay to ro ‘ar thofetet on Auteale-some boa eta ‘dior hom tshorn. We tredtocos ne ces, ers ating terichty Shoe ark wate 8 ‘hed aie oo oes wth the, egret “As weer down adi acct, heb pis ge way wrasomered urna ‘Thsgars Sal sil nana bat evth ceton power tuharup tone ‘tart thou rete {apr itonedehrp tps mae aostct res. The tpl pce oug st | Satan peor ve Mysipertor ‘options a Dhatatiaedtonsommectic hr Wahoutary tees amakng por nowt stsee—ysineward th ule scared tt na teanatinny feantormen “Thelin ret vorthe- comfort. Ho war wali oe seo! Farsi betes ten ‘ances of omalmastthevery Dens etneoncur lant Ak ‘coum ih ace tity aboe tho "ples cfaceresndimen. ed was (eg eterna four gear re (CRAD.EOF UFE? Aas Pb regon, nowy, getcrniarons—te prea toalcapeon ah Tsorafudchaedmc fom when vas med ‘billnyexs aga sk ten oud been Hake tila thos rr earn One il iithore (rg green ech en dn ance hay ‘iterbon doe and doit gen Naty ke ne Seapoldconeacos elf aspng andere serecao Tee westfield “paindbuing madpoasandapeeng eyes tect Sul ead ron. Andie poo and nn ‘tee walheboon andofonig tet pup cic, ‘heat and choral ovr mbes Teese ave ne ser ran for ey ey petantesing ois recta tie rainwater ers scotia bce bed uae rearfoot ie ‘rdzedree sc ass ene retin esfthgtwardnninater os fer tec ang ea. ‘nbs Abo 2tihon yas gn seetheccuns wh ie testo coe ‘res espe huge rec rd pri ‘hemerctecall anda tsk Ingle tated aol. They vwouliaumtveastheprtosmthiens= Frbaciet sided nctonandparpadae ‘onan ithe atop Ate meter ‘obi yeas tr the werd won| (ilar ecomcomerednoaiballes Shee wenger snot oer nati ‘ier aay noon ds rse ih Leech ot ooing Arron {clonidine new ese rs “hoaremingtourpobegn nese teary friar peed Inc rts ee sircuatinghothermal ic nkogen st fay magna belo The rks ena abn ‘Got amouns othe cement boron eral aged ‘eatin theses of ioe nese forme ‘as such at RNA. The Dower aa ts phoopate ‘nineral that esol ot of he ue a ‘ein silting nei rote uk: Phosphate ‘ed yale nthe oe of ATP adenosine triphos Piste, the meet wat supple ener within el) Tnaddition there ere hin onertstonr one and muanese components of many enares inthe et plasm ofa fom al how rane, a in Inderal vents and In evapora aca ae eps: aly the Dresorao had as, whieh ean funetion as catastsfor ere emp onan a Inlet spins ad eer aoa ens both etl charge ayer mie ‘Terps the mst ecg hing abou the Drs an eign analogue ste aasing aly be- ‘nosis do BE ty very uch the ‘pice fe The Drs dey and oly no, uth ‘ei youth sik hot prog tlds uc the fe conta many unded of pool ach with & Slight temperature drive on nd ‘er eral alain Cheri empl ich ina lds ease they contain three hy rece teint tetwen wer and ork water daly, ‘rook ad alt The ede aia hve ferent temper. Murs atifrent spots Mulpy a ty taper ‘he wetingdsing ees happen mutt ies ‘ic day hk O14 Faith nets), atepool chemists ply ete interes, the abity tionalstoesthane compounds peers slater ‘onan bck and Fath ad a neon, Dl oasofondions every yea Hach war pond becomes an “innovation pook a ‘ested in which adap combinations of moles ‘spl emerge a i was to ow and epee oF In wih apie cabana al byte wai, ‘Smbinons mist ve Ben ein to asserle {heist prime vse of i nei ne ep ss woud tke hundreds of mins of yeas Bat he ‘numbers of combinations ln trestrigeotbermal ‘es sus hate ould aerial nd ben ‘ages ening 00mm here wa a stable rst Depp wth olan lannarsr aid the en, ust more tha our bon eas a6 kon Labora boheme Rasel hs dere pd Also ieryo aterm vets Into an aeratve,eegantbut as yet unproven ode his seeme, mineral embranes that fon nscale pores witha vent oes nal seperate {atin water rom more acl ocean weer Ts po few sigs of lb onan oof texte sedi anes that ext thera vn on Fath i {ependeden etsto etvas uiy tohae b ‘unon te Nol Mane. ution arth einen tenes! ba sping, ould have also begun on spread oki a water vc 2008 he Spi ‘row diner 3 lon yea old ot sping de te nthe Clana lon Mars, about he sine ‘Sovas ur nese hot sprigs, wh di a gretjobot reserving eldence eon Earth, a ie da-ae eta thea ad a pc, ith may tent pees, awed ot co setoput ese one in the proper ston A the Des Famation for insane, we do ot understand Wat ‘eet pons tow gota leo oe te oF Argo moles We oo cnet me ‘ophistist xermentsl pete chery sot warn te pots uvnsbow omc eranie ‘neces for and bo they ntret and combine ‘wen exept win mana Bot idan the octal py tes dsr ere in aliferent arent before we aster leture ote oi oi any move pieces nol tobeputinpace Wht seeing howe SStmatnow woeanseea path rwanda thesiton ‘gh ofornge ice Thegraienisaformofenens’ “wont ro xrton {hat an be tapped; ern bacterial cells es | aapetimghime Anro mt form Neat thst generate the ATP hey need. Theres another Meters rer Source of ene the vents tn he mature of S-_Thatl dali eondAnBncb Solved jses suc as hydrogen and eat dai. "tae A ee 05 Coen tate 2560 oi ust and nis colleaues have proposed that when sen ute ta 50 te ‘aren did in aet eaater ed wih Heo irra ‘x coming rom the vets the ransieroflectons guides tS aioe Od from hydrogen to carbon donde could symthesee "Durremaydeabones mote complex onan compous In thet ew tbe Inner eompartents resemble el and the ents fp gradients and hyrope cou imately woe Int primitive metabolism requied by the east "The hot sor Bl and eupea vet ypc have some rng npteton, hon gui a {her expoatons of He Begining on act, hey ‘in todterent approaches to sear or ie om planets and sr moons the deepsea went orga tery correct. heey aean worl oF Enea “opm bea plates tolonk On the ether ha, ir model of Muetuating bot spins ih, then ‘hese words reunites if ‘Wit aboot Mare? tou ete sped evince for slew enon Mars inthe tant past ter are ont soi elma tem bot ter sn Cerio mr Nagas ttt Teen a Gerd a ine. ‘heedpratartenx mo pon sein eatin ny yy Pea PsaroePacently oyu nucctocenstrnnlce (resign sage ‘ara Cnn th gle Ueda "Gort haa OOP Da Aiphone ‘eet Selendis Tie ‘tomas he yh Uni te Wt Sik Sper, ee ee |are) Neva Pra ae Siu alia Foun Pe A ecu Beste Penta eee ce rn oe